scholarly journals Differentiation of Salmonella enterica Serovars and Strains in Cultures and Food Using Infrared Spectroscopic and Microspectroscopic Techniques Combined with Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy Pattern Recognition Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNEGRET MÄNNIG ◽  
NATHAN A. BALDAUF ◽  
LUIS A. RODRIGUEZ-ROMO ◽  
AHMED E. YOUSEF ◽  
LUIS E. RODRÍGUEZ-SAONA
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Detection of pathogenic microorganisms in food is often a tedious and time-consuming exercise. Developing rapid and cost-effective techniques for identifying pathogens to subspecies is critical for tracking causes of foodborne disease outbreaks. The objective of this study was to develop a method for rapid identification and differentiation of Salmonella serovars and strains within these serovars through isolation on hydrophobic grid membrane filters (HGMFs), examination by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microspectroscopy, and data analysis by multivariate statistical techniques. Salmonella serovars (Anatum, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Kentucky, Muenchen, and Typhimurium), most of which were represented by multiple strains, were grown in tryptic soy broth (24 h at 42°C), diluted to 102 to 103 CFU/ml, and filtered using HGMFs. The membranes were incubated on Miller-Mallinson agar (24 h at 42°C), and typical Salmonella colonies were sonicated in 50% acetonitrile and centrifuged. Resulting pellets were vacuum dried on a ZnSe crystal and analyzed using IR spectroscopy. Alternatively, the membranes containing Salmonella growth were removed from the agar, vacuum dried, and colonies were analyzed directly by IR microspectroscopy. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) models were developed from spectra. The method was validated by analyzing Salmonella-inoculated tomato juice, eggs, milk, and chicken. Salmonella serovars exhibited distinctive and reproducible spectra in the fingerprint region (1,200 to 900 cm−1) of the IR spectrum. SIMCA permitted distinguishing Salmonella strains from each other through differences in bacterial lipopolysaccharides and other membrane components. The model correctly predicted Salmonella in foods at serovar (100%) and strain (90%) levels. Isolation of Salmonella on HGMF and selective agar followed by IR spectroscopic analysis resulted in rapid and efficient isolation, identification, and differentiation of Salmonella serovars and strains.

scholarly journals Chemical Fingerprinting of Cryptic Species and Genetic Lineages of Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. (Marchantiophyta, Metzgeriidae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Rafał Wawrzyniak ◽  
Wiesław Wasiak ◽  
Beata Jasiewicz ◽  
Alina Bączkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Marker Compounds

Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort. is a representative of the simple thalloid liverworts, one of the three main types of liverwort gametophytes. According to classical taxonomy, A. pinguis represents one morphologically variable species; however, genetic data reveal that this species is a complex consisting of 10 cryptic species (named by letters from A to J), of which four are further subdivided into two or three evolutionary lineages. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient method for the characterisation of plant material using marker compounds. The volatile chemical constituents of cryptic species within the liverwort A. pinguis were analysed by GC-MS. The compounds were isolated from plant material using the HS-SPME technique. Of the 66 compounds examined, 40 were identified. Of these 40 compounds, nine were selected for use as marker compounds of individual cryptic species of A. pinguis. A guide was then developed that clarified how these markers could be used for the rapid identification of the genetic lineages of A. pinguis. Multivariate statistical analyses (principal component and cluster analysis) revealed that the chemical compounds in A. pinguis made it possible to distinguish individual cryptic species (including genetic lineages), with the exception of cryptic species G and H. The classification of samples based on the volatile compounds by cluster analysis reflected phylogenetic relationships between cryptic species and genetic lineages of A. pinguis revealed based on molecular data.

Distribution of proazulenes in Achillea millefolium s.l. wild populations in relation to phytosociological dependence and morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Radušiene ◽  
Odeta Gudaityte
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Achillea Millefolium ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Node Number

Millefolii herba is one of the oldest and most important drugs in Lithuania, used both in folk and official medicine. The raw material is usually gathered from spontaneous populations. It would be reasonable to develop methods to identify the populations which produce high plant biomass and accumulate high levels of proazulenes. The quantitative variation of proazulenes and their relationships with phytosociological dependence and morphological characters of Achillea millefolium from wild populations has been examined. The vegetation records were made at 140 growing sites of A. millefolium. The species was found in 29 types of community representing different growing habitats. The resources of milfoils prevailed in dry grasslands of Arrhenatheretalia communities and ruderal habitats of Dauco-Meliliotion. The data on productivity and morphological characters were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. A hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that higher productivity of A. millefolium populations was associated with their dependence on ruderal and segetal communities. The testing of A. millefolium plants revealed high variation for proazulenes in different communities. The proazulene-containing plants have been identified in 38% of all analysed cases. In the highest segetal and wasteland communities of Agropyretalia repentis, Sisybietalia, Digitario-Setarion, Aperion spicae-venti, Senecion fluviatilis only proazulene-free plants were found. Results of the ANOVA showed the proazulene-containing and proazulene-free plants significantly differed (P<0.05) for width of leaves and number of nodes. The presence of nodes in high number and narrow leaves in high proazulene-containing plants distinctly marked them from the proazulene-free plants. The study raised the possibility that selection based on the two morphological marker traits (node number and leaf width) and proazulene distribution in the populations would be effective for rapid identification of highly productive population(s) of pharmaceutical importance.

scholarly journals Rapid identification of wood species using XRF and neural network machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron N. Shugar ◽  
B. Lee Drake ◽  
Greg Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

AbstractAn innovative approach for the rapid identification of wood species is presented. By combining X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with convolutional neural network machine learning, 48 different wood specimens were clearly differentiated and identified with a 99% accuracy. Wood species identification is imperative to assess illegally logged and transported lumber. Alternative options for identification can be time consuming and require some level of sampling. This non-invasive technique offers a viable, cost-effective alternative to rapidly and accurately identify timber in efforts to support environmental protection laws and regulations.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification of Potential Drug Candidates from Multi-Million Compounds’ Repositories. Combination of 2D Similarity Search with 3D Ligand/Structure Based Methods and In Vitro Screening

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5593
Author(s):  
Katalin Szilágyi ◽  
Beáta Flachner ◽  
István Hajdú ◽  
Mária Szaszkó ◽  
Krisztina Dobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Search ◽  
Pharmacophore Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
3D Methods

Rapid in silico selection of target focused libraries from commercial repositories is an attractive and cost-effective approach in early drug discovery. If structures of active compounds are available, rapid 2D similarity search can be performed on multimillion compounds’ databases. This approach can be combined with physico-chemical parameter and diversity filtering, bioisosteric replacements, and fragment-based approaches for performing a first round biological screening. Our objectives were to investigate the combination of 2D similarity search with various 3D ligand and structure-based methods for hit expansion and validation, in order to increase the hit rate and novelty. In the present account, six case studies are described and the efficiency of mixing is evaluated. While sequentially combined 2D/3D similarity approach increases the hit rate significantly, sequential combination of 2D similarity with pharmacophore model or 3D docking enriched the resulting focused library with novel chemotypes. Parallel integrated approaches allowed the comparison of the various 2D and 3D methods and revealed that 2D similarity-based and 3D ligand and structure-based techniques are often complementary, and their combinations represent a powerful synergy. Finally, the lessons we learnt including the advantages and pitfalls of the described approaches are discussed.

scholarly journals Urea-Fibrinogen Slide Coagulase Test – A Simple Alternative Method for the Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Binita Koirala Sharma ◽  
S Gokhale ◽  
K Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: The accurate identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a series of tests. Morphological features and slide coagulase test are two criteria on which S. aureus are identified. Resort to tube coagulase test is sought when results of slide coagulase test are equivocal or doubtful. Both coagulase tests detect the enzymes that convert fibrinogen into fibrin. Human, rabbit or sheep pooled plasma is used as substrate for both tests. Slide coagulase test is simpler and faster as compared to tube coagulase test. The plasma could be carrier of many human and animal pathogens like HIV, HBV, HCV etc. Storage of plasma for longer duration is fraught with chances of contamination. Improperly stored plasma can lead to false positive or negative results. Citrated plasma may be unsuitable for this test if contaminated with citrate utilizing bacteria. Considering the role of S. aureus as a common etiological agent in nosocomial and community infections, there is a need of implementing rapid, easy and cost-effective phenotypic test.Objectives: Considering the disadvantages and risks associated with fresh plasma, this study aims to launch for safer, more reliable substitute with longer shelf life that may provide reliable results for prompt identification of S. aureus by slide coagulase test.Methods: The present work evaluates slide coagulase test (SCT), and urea fibrinogen slide coagulase test (UF-SCT) for S. aureus detection considering Tube coagulase test (TCT) as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of SCT and UF-SCT were calculated using TCT as gold standard. Results: A total of 150 staphylococcal isolates from different clinical specimens ere selected for the evaluation of coagulase tests. All the specimens were subjected to SCT, UF-SCT and TCT. The UF-SCT showed better sensitivity (95.04%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), and NPV (82.85%) with reference to TCT. UF-SCT showed similar sensitivity and specificity to SCT. None of the isolates were negative in UF-SCT and positive in SCT. Since UF-SCT does not incorporate plasma directly and at the same time has a very good sensitivity and specificity, it is recommended that UF-SCT could replace SCT for identification of S. aureus.Conclusion: The findings of present study shall encourage laboratories to use the urea-fibrinogen slide coagulase test routinely for the rapid identification of S aureus.Journal of Gandaki Medical College  Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 5-10

scholarly journals A new cost-effective staining method for rapid identification of Cryptococcus

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1420-1427
Author(s):  
Wan Rugen ◽  
Wang Maofeng ◽  
Zhao Sheng ◽  
Li Guogang ◽  
Zhou Yangxiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification

Acid-base properties of modified aluminas

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2044-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Paukshtis ◽  
P. I. Soltanov ◽  
E. N. Yurchenko ◽  
Květa Jirátová
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Pure Alumina ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Base Properties

Acid-base properties of the pure alumina and aluminas modified by addition of various ions were determined by IR spectroscopic and Benesi method. The quality and concentration of OH groups of alumina samples containing SO42-, F-, Cl-, Na+, Zn2+ and Mg2+ ions were determined by IR spectroscopy, Pyridine, benzonitrile and carbon monoxide were used to determine the concentration and strength of aprotic centres and deuteriochloroform was used to determine the concentration and strength of basic centres. The results allowed to evaluate changes in the above properties caused by changes in the concentration of ions in alumina. It was found that the total acidity of modified aluminas determined by Benesi method correlates well with the relative proportion of acidic OH groups in the total spectrum of OH groups.

Mid Infrared Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter-Spectrometer for Rapid Identification of Black Plastics from Automobile Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (A) ◽  
pp. A149-A151 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kowol ◽  
M. Oleimeulen ◽  
H. Freitag ◽  
T. Huth-Fehre
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Tunable Filter ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Automobile Construction

Black plastics are common compounds of many technical devices and consumer goods. A well known example is the usage in automobile construction. Plastic recycling is gaining more and more importance, with fast plastic type identification being an essential question. This article presents a cost-effective and rugged alternative to FT-IR techniques, based on an acousto-optical tunable filter spectrometer, which is able to master the special difficulties in the recognition of black plastics.

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