Multilocus Sequence Typing and Staphylococcal Protein A Typing Revealed Novel and Diverse Clones of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Seafood and the Aquatic Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Murugadas ◽  
C. Joseph Toms ◽  
Sara A. Reethu ◽  
K. V. Lalitha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a global health concern since the 1960s, and isolation of this pathogen from food-producing animals has been increasing. However, little information is available on the prevalence of MRSA and its clonal characteristics in seafood and the aquatic environment. In this study, 267 seafood and aquatic environment samples were collected from three districts of Kerala, India. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for 65 MRSA strains isolated from 20 seafood and aquatic environment samples. The MRSA clonal profiles were t657-ST772, t002-ST5, t334-ST5, t311-ST5, t121-ST8, t186-ST88, t127-ST1, and two non-spa assignable strains. Whole spa gene sequence analysis along with MLST confirmed one strain as t711-ST6 and another as a novel MRSA clone identified for the first time in seafood and the aquatic environment with a t15669 spa type and a new MLST profile of ST420-256-236-66-82-411-477. The MRSA strains were clustered into five clonal complexes based on the goeBURST algorithm, indicating high diversity among MRSA strains in seafood and the aquatic environment. The novel clone formed a separate clonal complex with matches to three loci. This study recommends large-scale spa typing and MLST of MRSA isolates from seafood and the aquatic environment to determine the prevalence of new MRSA clones. This monitoring process can be useful for tracing local spread of MRSA isolates into the seafood production chain in a defined geographical area.

scholarly journals Nontoxigenic protein A vaccine for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (9) ◽  
pp. 1863-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwan Keun Kim ◽  
Alice G. Cheng ◽  
Hye-Young Kim ◽  
Dominique M. Missiakas ◽  
Olaf Schneewind
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Prior Infection

The current epidemic of hospital- and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has caused significant human morbidity, but a protective vaccine is not yet available. Prior infection with S. aureus is not associated with protective immunity. This phenomenon involves staphylococcal protein A (SpA), an S. aureus surface molecule that binds to Fcγ of immunoglobulin (Ig) and to the Fab portion of VH3-type B cell receptors, thereby interfering with opsonophagocytic clearance of the pathogen and ablating adaptive immune responses. We show that mutation of each of the five Ig-binding domains of SpA with amino acid substitutions abolished the ability of the resulting variant SpAKKAA to bind Fcγ or Fab VH3 and promote B cell apoptosis. Immunization of mice with SpAKKAA raised antibodies that blocked the virulence of staphylococci, promoted opsonophagocytic clearance, and protected mice against challenge with highly virulent MRSA strains. Furthermore, SpAKKAA immunization enabled MRSA-challenged mice to mount antibody responses to many different staphylococcal antigens.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, spa Typing and Clonal Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Blood of Patients Hospitalized in the Czech Republic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Lucia Malisova ◽  
Marta Fridrichova ◽  
Martin Musilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Types ◽  
Repeat Pattern

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections. The aim of our study was to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from blood of patients hospitalized in the Czech Republic between 2016 and 2018. All MRSA strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, analyzed by spa typing and clustered using a Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. The representative isolates of the four most common spa types and representative isolates of all spa clonal complexes were further typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority of MRSA strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94%), erythromycin (95.5%) and clindamycin (95.6%). Among the 618 strains analyzed, 52 different spa types were detected. BURP analysis divided them into six different clusters. The most common spa types were t003, t586, t014 and t002, all belonging to the CC5 (clonal complex). CC5 was the most abundant MLST CC of our study, comprising of 91.7% (n = 565) of spa-typeable isolates. Other CCs present in our study were CC398, CC22, CC8, CC45 and CC97. To our knowledge, this is the biggest nationwide study aimed at typing MRSA blood isolates from the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST80 Clone: A Systematic Review

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assia Mairi ◽  
Abdelaziz Touati ◽  
Jean-Philippe Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Type

This review assessed the molecular characterization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-ST80 clone with an emphasis on its proportion of total MRSA strains isolated, PVL production, spa-typing, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. A systematic review of the literature was conducted on MRSA-ST80 clone published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2019. Citations were chosen for a review of the full text if we found evidence that MRSA-ST80 clone was reported in the study. For each isolate, the country of isolation, the sampling period, the source of isolation (the type of infection, nasal swabs, or extra-human), the total number of MRSA strains isolated, number of MRSA-ST80 strains, antibiotic resistance patterns, PVL production, virulence genes, and spa type were recorded. The data from 103 articles were abstracted into an Excel database. Analysis of the data showed that the overall proportion of MRSA-ST80 has been decreasing in many countries in recent years. The majority of MRSA-ST80 were PVL positive with spa-type t044. Only six reports of MRSA-ST80 in extra-human niches were found. This review summarizes the rise of MRSA-ST80 and the evidence that suggests that it could be in decline in many countries.

scholarly journals Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Telma de Sousa ◽  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Carolina Sabença ◽  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are one of the main pathogens associated with purulent infections. MRSA clonal complex 97 (CC97) has been identified in a wide diversity of livestock animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA strains isolated from purulent lesions of food-producing rabbits. Samples from purulent lesions of 66 rabbits were collected in a slaughterhouse in Portugal. Samples were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and the immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was studied by polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr and spa typing. From the 66 samples analyzed, 16 (24.2%) MRSA were detected. All strains were classified as multidrug-resistant as they were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seven isolates were resistant to gentamicin and harbored the aac(6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia gene. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 10 isolates harboring the tet(K) gene. The IEC genes were detected in three isolates. MRSA strains belonged to CC97, CC1, CC5, CC15 or CC22. The isolates were assigned to six different spa types. In this study we found a moderate prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in food-producing rabbits. This may represent concern for food safety and public health, since cross-contamination may occur, leading to the spread of MRSA and, eventually, the possibility of ingestion of contaminated meat.

scholarly journals Genotypic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Korean Hospitals

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3583-3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Soo Ko ◽  
Yeon-Sook Kim ◽  
Jae-Hoon Song ◽  
Joon-Sup Yeom ◽  
Hyuck Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Predominant Genotype ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Ninety-six methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from eight Korean hospitals were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing, and spa typing. The predominant genotype was ST5-MRSA-II of clonal complex 5, which was found in 36 isolates from six hospitals, but ST239-MRSA-III was also common. Overall, results showed a notable genotypic diversity of MRSA strains circulating in Korean hospitals.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Typing of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated in 11 Asian Countries: a Proposal for a New Nomenclature for SCCmec Elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piriyaporn Chongtrakool ◽  
Teruyo Ito ◽  
Xiao Xue Ma ◽  
Yoko Kondo ◽  
Suwanna Trakulsomboon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT A description of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements carried by 615 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in 11 Asian countries is reported, and a novel nomenclatural system based on their structures is proposed. The 615 strains were classified as type 3A (370 strains), type 2A (207 strains), type 2B (32 strains), type 1B (1 strain), and nontypeable (5 strains). The previously reported type III SCCmec (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank accession no. AB037671) carried by the MRSA strain 85/2082 was ascertained to be composed of two SCC elements, type 3A SCCmec and SCCmercury. PCR analysis indicated that 310 of 370 type 3A SCCmec strains carried both SCC elements. These strains were prevalent in eight countries: Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, India, and Singapore. The remaining 60 type 3A SCCmec strains differed with respect to the left extremity polymorphism or to the presence of ccrC. Among these, two were identified as carrying only type 3A SCCmec elements, but their left extremities differed. Type 2A SCCmec strains predominated in Korea and Japan, although the frequency of the presence of ant(4′)-1 gene downstream of mecA varied (53% for Korean strains; 93% for Japanese strains). Various SCCmec elements were identified in the tested strains, and limited numbers were identified by their multilocus sequence typing genotypes. These data suggest that numerous MRSA clones are disseminated in Asian hospitals, and these consist of minor clones that are presumed to have arisen locally and major clones that are presumed to have been introduced from other countries.

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