‘The independent life of society’

Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Ullrich ◽  
Christian Werner ◽  
Martin Bongartz ◽  
Tobias Eckert ◽  
Bastian Abel ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Community-dwelling older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) following discharge from geriatric rehabilitation are at high risk of losing life-space mobility (LSM). Interventions to improve their LSM are, however, still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CI-specific, home-based physical training and activity promotion program on LSM. Methods Older persons with mild-to-moderate CI (Mini-Mental State Examination: 17–26 points) discharged home from rehabilitation were included in this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 12-week intervention period and 12-week follow-up period. The intervention group received a CI-specific, home-based strength, balance, and walking training supported by tailored motivational strategies. The control group received a placebo activity. LSM was evaluated by the Life-Space Assessment in Persons with Cognitive Impairment, including a composite score for LSM and 3 subscores for maximal, equipment-assisted, and independent life space. Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses were used. Results One hundred eighteen participants (82.3 ± 6.0 years) with CI (Mini-Mental State Examination: 23.3 ± 2.4) were randomized. After the intervention, the home-based training program resulted in a significant benefit in the Life-Space Assessment in Persons with Cognitive Impairment composite scores (b = 8.15; 95% confidence interval: 2.89–13.41; p = .003) and independent life-space subscores (b = 0.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.78; p = .048) in the intervention group (n = 63) compared to control group (n = 55). Other subscores and follow-up results were not significantly different. Conclusions The home-based training program improved LSM and independent life space significantly in this vulnerable population. Effects were not sustained over the follow-up. The program may represent a model for improved transition from rehabilitation to the community to prevent high risk of LSM restriction.


Author(s):  
Marlene Schüssler D’Aroz

This article aims to present reflections on the transition from being institutionalised to autonomous life, from the perspective of deinstitutionalised young Brazilians. Five young adults participated in the pilot study. The Piagetian clinical method was used. Through semi-structured interviews, the following were investigated: causes of institutionalisation, preparation for transition, deinstitutionalisation and perspectives of present and future life. The results indicate that there was no effective preparation for transition from the institution to the family and/or independent life. Biological families have difficulties in achieving (re) integration and overcoming conflicts between parents and children. In conclusion, when leaving institutions, some young people manage to build their own arrangements for a new life trajectory, while others return to contexts of risk and life on the street. Public policies to assist these young people should be prioritised.


2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Palmini

Abstract Although as a group, adult patients with ADHD have difficulties in social functioning due to inattention and executive dysfunction, some strive and succeed in living a productive, independent life. Purpose: To report on professionally successful adults with ADHD and analyze their main symptoms, compensation strategies and the subjective effect of methylphenidate on their functioning. Methods: The main symptoms of five patients with ADHD who are University educated and financially independent are reported. These patients were selected from a personally followed cohort of adults with ADHD. All were diagnosed according to DSM-IV adapted criteria (K-SADS E, version 6.0) and completed the Portuguese translated version of the ADHD adult self-reporting scale (ASRS). Results: Main reported symptoms included difficulties with attention, tendency to procrastinate and to 'shuffle' priorities, excessive daytime somnolence, memory difficulties and impulsiveness. Compensation strategies revolve around conscious, 'energy demanding' and time consuming efforts to control and circumvent symptomatic behavioral tendencies. They feel methylphenidate helps by alleviating the need to constantly apply compensation strategies for socially disabling symptoms. In sum, they achieve the same results in a more natural, less effortful fashion. Conclusions: Adults with ADHD may succeed professionally despite significant symptoms of inattention and executive dysfunction. They do so by appropriately using effortful strategies of compensation, the need for which is alleviated by the use of methylphenidate. These subjective reports require confirmation in prospective studies on larger series of patients.


2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 757-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. David ◽  
M. Haller ◽  
S. Kotzian ◽  
M. Hofmann ◽  
S. Schlossarek ◽  
...  

SummaryBackground: Preservation of mobility in conjunction with an independent life style is one of the major goals of rehabilitation after stroke.Objectives: The Rehab@Home framework shall support the continuation of rehabilitation at home.Methods: The framework consists of instrumented insoles, connected wirelessly to a 3G ready tablet PC, a server, and a web-interface for medical experts. The rehabilitation progress is estimated via automated analysis of movement data from standardized assessment tests which are designed according to the needs of stroke patients and executed via the tablet PC application.Results: The Rehab@Home framework’s implementation is finished and ready for the field trial (at five patients’ homes). Initial testing of the automated evaluation of the standardized mobility tests shows reproducible results.Conclusions: Therefore it is assumed that the Rehab@Home framework is applicable as monitoring tool for the gait rehabilitation progress in stroke patients.


Author(s):  
Andrew Herman ◽  
Annette Markham ◽  
M.E. Luka ◽  
Rebecca Carlson ◽  
Danielle Dilkes ◽  
...  

Global events like a pandemic or climate change are massive in scope but experienced at the local, lived, microscopic level. What sorts of methodologies and mindsets can help critical internet researchers, functioning as interventionists or activists, find traction by oscillating between these levels? How can we push (further) against the boundaries of research methods to build stronger coalitions and more impactful outcomes for social change among groups of scholars/researchers? This panel presents four papers addressing these questions based on a large scale online autoethnography in 2020. This “Massive/Micro” project simultaneously used and studied the angst and novelty of isolation during a pandemic, activating researchers, activists, and artists to explore the massive yet microscopic properties of COVID-19 as a “glocal” phenomenon. The challenge? Working independently and microscopically through intense focus on the Self but also working with distributed, largely unknown collaborators, in multiple platforms. The emerging shape of the project itself showcases the challenges and possibilities of how research projects at scale can (or don’t) reflect and build social movements. The panel’s four papers situate the project through a kaleidoscope of perspectives featuring participants from 7 countries, who variously explore: the value of the project for precarious or early career researchers, how MMS worked as both collaborative space and critical pedagogy, how non-institutional or playful experimentation in asynchronous collaborations can lead to new synergies; and how MMS developed an independent life of its own, beyond studying COVID to generating multiple communities of future digital research practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Tri Mei Khasana ◽  
Ari Tri Astuti

The effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in overweight and non-overweight elderlyBackground: Cognitive function is the factor that determines the disability of the elderly to live a healthy and independent life. The results of studies regarding the protective effect or detrimental effects of overweight or obesity on cognitive function in the elderly are still controversial. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in the elderly based on nutritional status.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-postest design study involved 37 elderly aged 60-74 years. Body mass index (BMI) derived from the measurement of body weight and height were grouped into overweight and not-overweight. Both groups received a multi-exercise in the form of gymnastic exercise (30 minutes), square stepping exercise (30 minutes), and puzzle games (30 minutes). The intervention was given 12 times with a frequency of 3 times per week. Cognitive function was measured by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test. Results: The multi-exercise program intervention given affected improving cognitive function in the overweight elderly group (p=0.003). However, it is different from the non-overweight elderly group who did not show a significant effect of the multi-exercise program on the cognitive function (p=0.184) even though there was an increase in the mean cognitive function at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Multi-exercise program intervention for 4 weeks with a frequency of three times per week can improve the cognitive function of the elderly, but statistically only significant in the overweight elderly group.


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