Aristotelianism in the 17th century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ariew
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
17Th Century

Aristotelians in the seventeenth century comprised a group of mostly anonymous textbook writers whose chief claim to fame is that their philosophy was opposed by such early moderns as Descartes and Galileo. In line with the characterization of them by their opponents, their philosophy has generally been depicted as conservative, monolithic and moribund. However, it is difficult to ratify such judgments. As Aristotelians, these philosophers do not seem particularly conservative; they appear to have assimilated many of the scientific developments of the seventeenth century, and the diversity and range of their views is quite broad. Some of the doctrines peculiar to them, or their particular developments of older views, can be seen as the background against which modern philosophy developed.

Aristotelianism in the 17th century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Ariew
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
17Th Century

Aristotelians in the seventeenth century comprised a group of mostly anonymous textbook writers whose chief claim to fame is that their philosophy was opposed by such as Descartes and Galileo. In line with the characterization of them by their opponents, their philosophy has generally been depicted as extremely conservative, monolithic and moribund. However, it is difficult to ratify such judgments. As Aristotelians, these philosophers do not seem particularly conservative; they appear to have assimilated many of the scientific developments of the seventeenth century, and the diversity and range of their views is quite broad. Some of the doctrines peculiar to them, or their particular developments of older views, can be seen as the background against which modern philosophy developed.

'Barocke' Lyrik lesen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Werle
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Literary History ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Pop Literature

How should one go about reading German 17th century poetry? Dirk Werle answers this question on the basis of a consistently historical understanding of both genre and epoch. In the seventeenth century, “poetry” had a decidedly different meaning from what we take it to be today, and there was no such thing as our term “Baroque”. For each of the chapter's introductory analyses, from which more general considerations and points of view are developed, poems have been selected that do not appear in relevant anthologies and therefore allow unbiased access to a fascinating field of literary history. The Author shows that 17th century poetry is characterized by a poetics of repetition, based on affinity to music and the principle of convivial play. It is a form of pop literature that does not directly refer to reality, but creates a poetic world all its own. To grasp this phenomenon, a “hermeneutics of simplicity” is called for, which is introduced and explained in this book.

The Album De Colbert: The Image of Shipbuilding

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The Album de Colbert compiled by an anonymous author in the second half of the seventeenth century is among the most important illustrated testimonies of the art of shipbuilding. Probably commissioned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Minister of Finance and Minister of the Navy of the kingdom of France, the Album was composed to make Louis XIV understand the complexity of shipbuilding. It was also made to support the creation of a navy with the ambition of being competitive with the Royal Navy and with the intent of modernising and expanding the French shipbuilding industry. The fifty plates that make up this illustrated treatise unravel the story of the construction of a first-rank 80-gun line vessel, from the laying of the keel to the launch. It is a unique document that has no contemporaries or precursors because it is not a didactic collection of boats, like the previous treaties that had a completely different methodological approach, more technical-descriptive than illustrative, but it wants to go beyond the scientific treatise. Its purpose was instead to measure itself with representation, showing through the strength of drawing and images the peculiar aspects of the reality of shipbuilding, using iconography as a means of transmitting knowledge related to the world of shipyards and shipbuilding in the 17th century.

scholarly journals A Monstrous Ideal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Robert Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
High Status ◽  
Written Materials

The paper suggests that 17th-century writers sometimes thought about disciplines, methods, and concepts as skilful, in the sense that these objects and processes held information, were used as tools to aid discrimination (where their use might also be skilful), and were the aggregated experience of people with skill as well as the product of their activities. The paper also suggests that servants were thought about in a similar way. Drawing on range of printed texts and a series of 'ideal servant' emblems from the 16th to the 18th century – in which servant chimeras and cyborgs appear with limbs and heads replaced by animal parts and/or inanimate objects connected with domestic service – the paper asks: in what ways did these materials place servants placed in relation to skill, or make them part of an institution in which one might be skilled, or part of a practice susceptible to modification by skill? The paper concludes by looking closely at a 1682 print and argues that it articulates a similar sense of skill as that found in 17th-century written materials. The print – in which a servant holds the tools of high-status arts in which one might be skilled, but servants were not – occupies an intermediate position between the emblematic servant of the sixteenth to mid-seventeenth century (whose capacities and attributes are expressed by the conventional significance of animals and tools) and the joke automaton maidservant of the eighteenth and nineteenth (made out of the objects around which and through which the work of domestic service takes place – the composite servant-body figures the energy of the living servant that puts them in motion).

scholarly journals EL LÉXICO DE LA VIDA COTIDIANA EN TIERRA DE CAMPOS EN EL SIGLO XVII (APEROS Y RECIPIENTES AGRÍCOLAS) = The daily lexicon in Tierra de Campos in the Seventeenth century (agricultural tools and containers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Marta Miguel Borge
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
People's Daily

<p>No cabe duda de que los inventarios de bienes proporcionan una información muy valiosa sobre el léxico de la vida cotidiana. En nuestro caso, hemos realizado un muestreo en la comarca de Tierra de Campos en el siglo XVII. El corpus documental se configura a partir de protocolos notariales obtenido en los Archivos Históricos Provinciales de León, Palencia, Valladolid y Zamora. Estos inventarios constituyen una herramienta fundamental para conocer el léxico de los bienes y objetos que componían el día a día de las personas. En nuestro caso, el campo semántico estudiado se centra en la actividad agrícola.</p><p>There is no doubt that property inventories provide invaluable information about the lexicon of everyday life. In our case, we have carried out a sampling in the Tierra de Campos region (Castile and Leon, Spain) in the 17th century. The documentary corpus has been taken from the notarial protocols from the Provincial Historical Archives of León, Palencia, Valladolid, and Zamora. These inventories are an essential tool to find out the lexicon of the goods and objects of people's daily life. In our case, focused on agricultural activity.</p>

Bartering for Slaves on the Upper Guinea Coast in the Early Seventeenth Century

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA A. NEWSON
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Trading Network

In the context of debates about the definition and origins of globalisation and the role of African agency in the Atlantic slave trade, this chapter examines the commodities traded by Portuguese New Christian slave traders on the Upper Guinea coast in the early 17th century. Based on detailed account books of three slave traders discovered in the Inquisition section of the Archivo General de la Nación in Lima, Peru, it shows how Africans often determined the types and prices of goods exchanged and forced Europeans to adapt to local trade networks. Hence while commodities such as Indian textiles and beads reflected the position of the Portuguese slave traders in a global trading network, at the same time they were actively involved in trading locally produced cloth and beeswax as well as slaves.

scholarly journals The Karaṇakesari of Bhāskara: a 17th-century Table Text for Computing Eclipses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Clemency Montelle ◽  
Kim Plofker
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Critical Edition ◽  
17Th Century

Critical edition, translation and commentary for the verse instructions accompanying a late seventeenth-century set of eclipse tables in Sanskrit by Bhāskara of Saudāmikā (fl. 1681).

scholarly journals ‘Colouring’ — Material Depiction in Flemish and Dutch Baroque Art Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-265
Author(s):  
Lisa Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Surface Effects ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Baroque Art ◽  
Human Flesh

Seventeenth-century painters were masters at painting objects and beings that seem tangible. Most elaborate was painting translucent materials like skins and pulp: human flesh and grapes, for instance, require various surface effects and suggest the presence of mass below the upper layers. Thus, the viewer is more or less convinced that a volume or object is present in an illusionary space. In Dutch, the word ‘stofuitdrukking’ is used: expression or indication of material, perhaps better understood as rendering of material. In English, ‘material depiction’ probably captures this painterly means best: it includes rendering of surface effects, while revealing the underlying substance, and it implies that weight and mass are suggested. Simple strokes of paint add up to materials and things that are convincingly percieved. At first glance, material depiction hardly seems a topic in early-modern art theory, yet 17th-century painters are virtually unequalled as regards this elaborate skill. Therefore, 17th-century written sources were studied to define how these might discuss material depiction, if not distinctly. This study concerns one of many questions regarding the incredible convincingness of 17th-century material depiction: besides wondering why the illusions work (Di Cicco et al., this issue) and how these were achieved (Wiersma, in press), the question should be asked why this convincingness was sought after. Was it mere display of ability and skill? And how was material depiction perceived, valued and enjoyed? First, contemporary terminology is determined: the seemingly generic term ‘colouring’ signified the application of convincing material depiction especially — which is not as self-evident as it sounds. Second, and extensively, the reader will find that convincing or appealing material depiction was considered a reference to religion and natural philosophy.

Doubt, our modern Crown of Thorns

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 437-455
Author(s):  
Charles M. Stang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Stanley Cavell ◽  
As If

This essay uses T. E. Lawrence's characterization of doubt as ‘our modern crown of thorns’, as an entrée into thinking through the coincidence of doubt and faith in the four canonical gospels. However much each of the gospels may wish to induce faith, it leaves its readers with the distinct impression that doubt, understood differently in each, cannot be fully dispelled. The gospels thereby testify to a lively, ancient appreciation for the irrepressibility of doubt. This essay then turns to the problem of scepticism in modern philosophy. In his work on Ludwig Wittgenstein, the American philosopher Stanley Cavell suggests that scepticism is a ‘condition’ of knowledge, both in the sense of something from which we suffer as if from a chronic illness, and in the sense of that which makes knowledge possible at all. The reader is invited to think of the dialectics of doubt and faith in a similar way, of doubt as the very condition of faith.

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