Local Migration Systems in Nineteenth-Century Iowa

Migration Systems in Nineteenth-Century North-Western Portugal: The Case of Vila do Conde

International Review of Social History ◽

10.1017/s0020859011000186 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 267-299

Author(s):

Cristiana Viegas de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Migration Dynamics ◽

Migration Systems ◽

North Western ◽

Parish Registers

SummaryThis article aims to identify migration systems in north-western nineteenth-century Portugal to contribute to the understanding of the puzzle that is Portuguese migration dynamics. Through the analysis of the passport and parish registers from the concelho of Vila do Conde, it was possible to determine three systems, the Atlantic, the Lisbon, and the local. The occurrence and characteristics of the systems varied according to socio-economic contexts, both in the sending and receiving areas, and also according to the emigrants’ life cycles.

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Migrant Groundnut Farmers in the Gambia: The Persistence of a Nineteenth Century Labor System

International Migration Review ◽

10.1177/019791839701100403 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 452-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenneth Swindell

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

West Africa ◽

Labor Migration ◽

The Gambia ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Population Census ◽

Labor System ◽

Migration Systems

This paper is an analysis of the Strange Farmers of the Gambia who represent one of the oldest labor migration systems in West Africa. Exploring the formation and continuance of the Strange Farmer system, this paper uses the Gambian Sample Survey of Agriculture, which followed the Population Census of 1973, to present an assessment of the numbers farming, their origins and their distribution within the country.

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