Effects of a Kilometre Charge on Car Use, Car Ownership and Relocation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Ubbels ◽  
Taede Tillema ◽  
Erik Verhoef ◽  
Bert van Wee
Keyword(s):  
Car Ownership ◽  
Car Use

scholarly journals Are People from Households with Children More Likely to Travel by Car? An Empirical Investigation of Individual Travel Mode Choices in Shanghai, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Ye ◽  
Linjie Gao ◽  
Zhicai Juan ◽  
Anning Ni
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Car Travel ◽  
The Impact

China is expected to have more children now that its family planning policy has been relaxed, and the influence of children on transportation and sustainability should not be neglected. This study uses econometric methods to explore the impact that the presence of children has on household car ownership, car-travel behavior of family members, and variability in their car-use frequency across weekdays and weekends. Models are estimated using multi-day travel patterns imputed from GPS-enabled smartphone data collected in Shanghai, China. Results indicate that: (1) households with children have more private cars than those without children, and the presence of preschoolers and pupils both increase families’ demand for car ownership; (2) travel behavior of people from households with children is influenced subtly by the children’s presence, which leads them to prefer to travel by car, although the presence of retired or unemployed household members can weaken that influence; and (3) car-travel frequency of individuals is significantly different between weekdays and weekends, with the presence of pupils in the household diminishing that variability and the presence of preschoolers enlarging it. Policymakers and transportation planners should be concerned about these issues and take appropriate measures.

scholarly journals Does Car-Sharing Reduce Car-Use? An Impact Evaluation of Car-Sharing in Flanders, Belgium

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8155
Author(s):  
Donald A. Chapman ◽  
Johan Eyckmans ◽  
Karel Van Acker
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Impact

Private car-use is a major contributor of greenhouse gases. Car-sharing is often hypothesised as a potential solution to reduce car-ownership, which can lead to car-sharing users reducing their car-use. However, there is a risk that car-sharing may also increase car-use amongst some users. Existing studies on the impacts of car-sharing on car-use are often based on estimates of the users’ own judgement of the effects; few studies make use of quasi-experimental methods. In this paper, the impact of car-sharing on car-ownership and car-use in Flanders, Belgium is estimated using survey data from both sharers and non-sharers. The impact on car-use is estimated using zero-inflated negative binomial regression, applied to matched samples of car-sharing users and non-users. The results show that the car-sharing may reduce car-use, but only if a significant number of users reduce their car-ownership. Policy intervention may therefore be required to ensure car-sharing leads to a reduction in car-use by, for example, discouraging car-ownership. Further research using quasi-experimental methods is required to illuminate whether the promise of car-sharing is reflected in reality.

Strategic Ideas on Scientific Development of Urban Transport in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 705-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sheng Wang ◽  
Hao Zhi Zhang ◽  
Yu Lin Jiang ◽  
Jiang Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
The Status ◽  
Law Construction

To provide policy recommendations for deepening implementation of the national public transport priority strategy, authors analyzed the status quo of China’s urban transport, and pointed out that the deteriorating traffic environment, lack of related laws, unlimited increase of car ownership and improper management system are the main problems severely restraining sustainable development of the urban public transport. Based on research on causes of the problems, authors put forward the relevant policy recommendations, from the view points of law construction, smooth traffic projects, car use guidance and reform of administration system. These policy recommendations are quite necessary and significant to promote sound development of China’s urban public transport.

scholarly journals Beijing’s Peak Car Transition: Hope for Emerging Cities in the 1.5 °C Agenda

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Peter Newman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Car Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peak Car ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Per Capita

Peak car has happened in most developed cities, but for the 1.5 °C agenda the world also needs emerging cities to go through this transition. Data on Beijing shows that it has reached peak car over the past decade. Evidence is provided for peak car in Beijing from traffic supply (freeway length per capita and parking bays per private car) and traffic demand (private car ownership, automobile modal split, and Vehicle Kilometres Travelled per capita). Most importantly the data show Beijing has reduced car use absolutely whilst its GDP has continued to grow. Significant growth in electric vehicles and bikes is also happening. Beijing’s transition is explained in terms of changing government policies and emerging cultural trends, with a focus on urban fabrics theory. The implications for other emerging cities are developed out of this case study. Beijing’s on-going issues with the car and oil will remain a challenge but the first important transition is well underway.

scholarly journals Parking and competition for space in urban neighborhoods: Residents’ perceptions of traffic and parking-related conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 603-623
Author(s):  
Franziska Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Visibility Range ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Intention To Change

The infrastructure for parking and parked cars themselves (e.g., parked cars blocking bike lanes and sidewalks or the visibility range) can lead to conflicts for pedestrians and cyclists. The perception of conflicts could discourage walking and cycling in neighborhoods and undermine municipalities’ efforts to provide more sustainable urban mobility. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of on-street car parking in urban neighborhoods on perceived parking and traffic-related conflicts. In addition, it examines in what way the intention to reduce one’s car use influences the perception of the conflicts (Stage Model of Self-Regulated Behavior Change (SSBC)). A household survey was conducted in the inner-city neighborhood of Frankfurt-Bornheim, Germany (N=1027). The residents most often observed the conflicts in which parked cars impeded walking and cycling as well as situations in which pedestrians felt threatened by cyclists biking on the sidewalk. Results from multiple linear regression models revealed that the influencing factors for the perception of conflicts were the use of different means of transportation and the intention to change one’s behavior (SSBC model) to reduce car use rather than car ownership. In addition, a resident’s age and household structure seemed to affect awareness of conflicts in which pedestrians and cyclists were involved. The results suggest a group-serving bias, meaning that the residents mostly observed those conflicts that they did not cause. A separate infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists could help prevent most of the conflicts described in this study.

scholarly journals Does Urban Rail Transit Discourage People from Owning and Using Cars? Evidence from Beijing, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Liu ◽  
Enjian Yao ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Travel Distance ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Beijing China

With the rapid urbanization and motorization, many cities are developing urban rail transit (URT) to reduce car dependence. This paper explores the URT effect on car ownership and use based on the home-based work tour data in Beijing, China. Considering the mediating effects of car ownership and travel distance simultaneously, we develop a structural equation model to examine the complex relationship among URT, car ownership, travel distance, and car use. The results indicate that URT plays an important role in reducing car dependence. Living within URT catchment areas by itself is not significantly associated with car ownership and use, but if the workplace is near a URT station, people are less likely to own and use cars. People who both live and work near URT station areas have lower probability of owning and using cars. Moreover, car ownership and travel distance mediate the relationship between URT and car use, and the mediating effect of car ownership is greater than travel distance. Our study verifies that URT does discourage people from owning and using cars, which may have important implications for developing cities to make response to the ongoing motorization.

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