scholarly journals ECONOMICS OF CATFISH PRODUCTION IN EKEREMOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-105
Author(s):  
Godfrey Onuwa ◽  
Bassey Emmanuel ◽  
Victor Fatoke ◽  
Ubana Eshimutu ◽  
Grace Owa
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Returns On Investment

Catfish farmers are facing new barriers in both their production and returns on investment. Despite its potentials, the level of fish production has failed to meet domestic demand. This study aims to analyze the determinants of catfish production so as to boost the level of farm productivity and profitability. Random sampling techniques were employed in selecting the respondents for this study. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, budgetary techniques and multiple regression analysis were the analytical techniques employed. The results indicated that most (58.3%) were within the age bracket of 20-39 years; 63.3% were male; most (75%) used organic fertilizer; 45% had no access to credit; most (75%) had formal education; 83.3% used earthen ponds; 83.3% were married; most (58.3%) had household population of 1-5 people; 66.7% had farming experience of 1-5 years; 75% hired labour; 91.7% had no access to extension contact; 58.3% had pond size of 1-400 sqm and most (58.3%) had stocking density of 1001-2000 fingerlings. The net farm income was ₦433,000/400sqm. Also, the estimated fixed and operating ratios were 0.43 and 0.67 respectively, while the benefit- cost ratio was 1.67. The coefficient of multiple determination (R2) was 0.839, hence 84% variation in the output is attributable to variables included in the regression model. Furthermore, the constraints identified affected catfish production in the study area. However, improved access and supply of feeds, credit, technology, market linkages, extension services, input subsidy, cooperative formation and training are strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
C.O. Osarenren ◽  
J.O. Ejuetueyin ◽  
K.I. Eweka
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of registered cocoa farmers in Edo State; Nigeria. Primary data was collected using a well structured questionnaire administered to 180 registered cocoa farmers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. Results showed that 88.9% of cocoa farmers were male with a mean range of 46 years with 75% being married and 88.8% having formal education. The budgetary technique was used to determine the profitability of cocoa production, which was found to be profitable in the study area at a gross margin of N66, 350, Net Farm Income of N59, 200, and net return on investment of N 1.11.The Benefit Cost Ratio and Expense Structure Ratio of 2.11 and 0.12 respectively indicated that cocoa production was economically profitable and viable since the BCR is greater than 1 and the Gross Ratio (GR) of cocoa production is 0.47. From these profitability ratios, it shows that cocoa production is a profitable business in the study area. Inadequate finance to operate on large scale was found to be the major constraint to the cocoa farmers in the study area. The study concludes that cocoa production is profitable and was recommended that production could be improved and sustained through provision of soft loans to the farmers.Keywords: socio-economics, characteristics, registered cocoa farmers

Cost and Return Analysis of Green Pea in Jabalpur District of Madhya Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Keyword(s):  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Large Farmer ◽  
Green Pea ◽  
Gross Income

The present study was based on an economic study of production and marketing of pea in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh in the agricultural year 2016-17. The primary data related to cost and return of green pea crop was collected from 60 green pea farmers of three villages of Jabalpur district under three sizes of groups, each group containing 20 farmers in each class. The required data were collected from selected respondents by survey method using the presented interview schedule, for estimation of cost of cultivation and profitability estimation, net farm income, gross income, and B:C ratio were calculated. The results showed that the total cost of cultivation of green pea was found to be `109749, 119949, and 130174 per ha for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. The average net income was `102342.10 and in the case of the small, medium and the large farmer was `106250.36, 104775.23, and 96000.56 respectively. The average gross income found to be `222300.00 per ha. It was estimated to be `216000, 224725 and 22617 in the case of the small, medium and the large farmer was, respectively. The average benefit-cost ratio came out to be 1:1.85. On the basis of the finding of the study, it was recommended that green pea cultivation was economically viable.

scholarly journals Optimum poultry enterprise combinations among small holder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
T. T. Awogboro ◽  
W. A. Yusuf ◽  
S. A. Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Small Holder

Poultry farmers are confronted with choice for efficient allocationof farm resources between the different enterprises so as to optimize production objectives. The study therefore, was focused on optimum poultry enterprise combinations among small holder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary technique and linear programming model. Of the seven poultry enterprises identified, the most profitable enterprise combination was that of layers/broilers with a benefit cost ratio of 1.92 while the enterprise that yielded the least net farm income was the sole cockerel which had a benefit cost ratio of 1.57.The profitability of sole and combined poultry enterprises was limited by high cost of production in which the feed cost constitutesmore than three-quarter of the total cost. Although, the optimal poultry enterprise combination was layers/broilers, the farmers in the study area attested to the fact that poultry business was still highly profitable.It is therefore recommended that both farmers and government must partner to find a means of reducing feed cost by financing poultry research. Also, poultry farmers should concentrate and intensify their poultrycombination practices especially that of layers/broilers, which may be the appropriateoptimal combination enterprise.

scholarly journals Costs and Returns Analysis of Maize Production in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
U. F. Yahaya ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
N. E. Onwuegbunam ◽  
R. Akanni- John ◽  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Farm Inputs

This study was carried out to estimate costs and returns associated with maize production in Lere local government area of Kaduna state. Data were collected from a sample of 100 maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and net farm income analysis. The result showed that 82% were in their working age of between 21-50 years, majority of the farmers 53% were married, 91% had formal education, in terms of farming experience, majority (68%) of the respondent had farming experience that is above one year. The result revealed that maize farming is profitable investment in the study area with a total return of N 194,545.00 and net farm income of N 81,275.00 per hectare with a benefit cost ratio of 1.72 and a return on capital invested of 0.42. All the farmers identified maize as an important source of food to households in the study area. However maize farming is facing several constraints such as lack of capital (73%), high cost of farm inputs (69%), lack of credit facilities (67%), inadequate storage facilities (53%), inadequate processing facilities (50%), incidence of pests and diseases infestation (46%), poor road network (40%) and poor extension services (33%). Therefore, it is recommended that credit facilities    should be provided so that farmers can have fund to purchase farm inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides and be able to employ adequate labour, storage and processing facilities such as silo and shelling machine should be made available to farmers at subsidized and affordable price as a form of government intervention, adequate workshops and seminars especially on training farmers on  methods of weed and pests control should be organized by extension agents and farmers should  be encouraged to form themselves into cooperative groups so that they can pool their resources together in getting adequate funds to finance maize production activities.

scholarly journals Determinants of lack of credit access among indigenous vegetable producers in Nigeria: Implications for policy interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Victoria Adeyemi Tanimonure ◽  
Olabisi Damilola Omodara ◽  
Oreoluwa Grace Fayemi ◽  
Joy Amaka Osifo
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Indigenous Vegetables

AbstractIn this study we assessed the determinants of lack of credit access among the Indigenous Vegetables (IVs) farmers based on primary data collected in a cross-sectional survey. Using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis, the results revealed that more females were involved in the indigenous vegetable production with average age of 40 years, seven household members, eight years of formal education and cultivating 0.76 acre of land. Only 8 % had access to credit and 76 % did not have contact with extension agents. The mean monthly income from indigenous vegetables production, off-farm income and savings were about ₦35,000 (US$96.83), ₦15,000 (US$42.12) and ₦13,000 (US$38.57), respectively. Further, lack of credit access significantly depended on gender (β = 0.15, P < 0.05), educational level (β = 0.11; P < 0.05), farming experience (β = 0.73; P < 0.05), off-farm income (β = 0.23, P < 0.05), saving habits (β = 0. 25; P < 0.01) and annual numbers of extension contact (β = 0.94, P < 0.01) of indigenous vegetable farmers. Therefore, improved access to formal education, extension supports, creation of gender-specific credit scheme and farm-based organisation (FBO) for indigenous vegetables farmers to sustain credit accessibility were advocated.

scholarly journals Assessing Profitability, Marketing Activities and Problems in Modern Rice Production in Two Northern Districts of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Siddiquee ◽  
HM Sammy ◽  
MR Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Fair Price ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Disease Attack ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Production Problems

This study estimated the cost and revenue of BRRI dhan 28 productions in two districts namely, Bogura and Gaibandha in Bangladesh. The paper also identifies farmers marketing activity and their production problems. Primary data were collected from 60 farm household’s survey using pretested semi-structured questionnaire during November to December, 2017. Farm level production and profitability were analysed by using net farm incomes and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) taking into account the variable cost and total cost. Applying descriptive statistics, the analysis showed that total cost of paddy production was higher in Bogura (BDT 44,555.3/acre) compared that of Gaibandha (BDT 42,199.5/acre) while net farm income was higher in Gaibandha (BDT 32992.2/acre) than Bogura (BDT 32475.9/acre). The analysis further showed that paddy production was profitable in both districts. BCR on the basis of variable cost and total cost indicated that return from paddy production was higher than cost which also ensures farmers profit in paddy production in both the districts. According to farmers’ opinion, disease infestation was the major production problem in Bogura district while both disease attack and natural calamities were the major production problems in Gaibandha district. Farmers’ suggested to reduce the cost of pesticides and they need marketing facilities to sell their product. They also suggested to establish cold storage facilities which create the opportunity to get fair price for their product. The Agriculturists 2019; 17(1-2) 31-40

scholarly journals Backyard fish farm features and farmers personal characteristics as correlates of profitability of aquaculture in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Theophilus Miebi GBIGBI ◽  
Felix, Odemero ACHOJA
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this investigation was to deepen understanding of how farmer personal features and farm characteristics affect the profitability of backyard fish farms in south- south Nigeria. In order to achieve the aim of the study, primary data were collected on farmer and farm-based variables, using questionnaire from randomly selected fish farmers in 2018. Nested regression models were estimated to evaluate the separate and combined effects of farmer and farm characteristics of profitability. The results indicates that the mean age was 41 years, 84.4% of them were male and majority (90.0%) had secondary education and above. The mean farming experience was 8 years with mean household size of 9 persons. The findings revealed that backyard fish farming was profitable with a total revenue of N2, 233,800 (6111.63 USD), a total cost of N1, 404,280 (3842.08 USD) with a net income of N829520 (2269.55 USD) and BCR of 1.59. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.59 implies that every N1.00 invested in backyard fish farming will yield additional income of N0.59k. The result shows that backyard fish farms profitability responds positively to farmers personal characteristics (age, years of experience, gender, education and family size). Farmer personal characteristics significantly and jointly explained 37% variation in profitability. Farm characteristics (stocking density and fertilizer) significantly and positively (p<0.05) influenced profitability of backyard fish farms. The most important cost factors that negatively affected profitability are unit cost of feeds, fingerlings and water supply. It was recommended that backyard fish farmers should increase stock size, acquire more education as human capital development and form cooperative societies to address the constraint of inadequate access to credit facilities.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

scholarly journals A STUDENT DORMITORY AS AN EDUCATIONAL SUPPORTING FACILITY: AN ENTERPRISE BUDGET ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etty Susilowati ◽  
Sugiharto Sugiharto ◽  
Leonnard Leonnard ◽  
Budi Srihartati
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Feasibility Test

The availability of student dormitories has become a major attraction for universities in Indonesia since many universities have provided this facility. In this study, we examine the potential of a student dormitory development at the Budi Luhur University, especially in terms of finance for student interests and education providers. Primary data were collected from 185 students and were analyzed by employing feasibility test of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Profitability Index (PI) and Pay Back Period (PP). Sensitivity analysis was also carried out both in terms of cost and income to anticipate the uncertainty that may occur. The findings indicated that the total investment required in the construction of the student dormitory was Rp 155,857,800 with an average revenue per annum of Rp 58,314,741,732. The results of the investment valuation analysis of net cash flows for 30 years indicated the NPV value of Rp 187,355,802,592, IRR of 21%, Net B/C of 10.57, PI of 2.20, and PBP 6.45 years. This proved that the investment in the student dormitory construction was considered feasible. Finally, from the sensitivity analysis of changes in occupancy rate, rental rates and operational costs, it was concluded that the investment in dormitory construction would be unfeasible when occupancy rates and rents were at the level of 80% down. Further managerial implications were discussed.

scholarly journals Potentialities of pond fish farming in Kaliakair upazila under Gazipur district, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-528
Author(s):  
Md Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Md Nurunnabi Mondal ◽  
Jannatun Shahin ◽  
Jannatul Fatema ◽  
Mst Kaniz Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Climbing Perch ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
Benefit Cost

Potentials and prospects of pond fish farming in improving aquaculture system in Kaliakair upazila under Gazipur district, Bangladesh were investigated. Data were collected from 60 selected fish farmers through questionnaire survey and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) during June to November, 2014. The research revealed that a highest number of pond fish farmers (61.67%) were out of training facilities and a good portion (23.33%) had no education. Pond water was found turbid seasonally (71.66%) and farmers did not exchange water during culture periods (66.67%). As a result water quality deteriorates day by day and depletion of oxygen occurs during pond farming. The average stocking density of fish was higher in the study area and the highest was found in monoculture of Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus ) (1200 individual/decimal) and lowest in carp polyculture system (195 individual/decimal). Fish production was higher in Pangus monoculture system (17.89 MT/ha/yr) and lower in Climbing perch monoculture system (10.78 MT/ha/yr), but profit was higher in Climbing perch monoculture produced 1318100 Tk./ha/yr and lower in Tilapia monoculture 397886 Tk./ha/yr. Benefit Cost Ratio was higher in Climbing perch (2.32) and lower in Pangus culture (1.34). The problems faced by the fish farmers were broadly categorized as financial, natural, technical and social. Therefore, necessary training facilities with institutional and organizational supports, credit facilities, extension services and awareness development are essential to improve aquaculture system as well as the fishers’ livelihoods in Kaliakair upazila of Gazipur district.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(3): 517-528, December 2015

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