scholarly journals Disease-free life expectancy has not improved in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Pilar Zueras ◽  
Elisenda Rentería
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Present Trend ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Continuous Progression

The COVID-19 pandemic has put a stop to the continuous progression in life expectancy at birth, in which Spain was one of the world leaders. Although this downward effect is a result of the present conjuncture and it is hoped that recovery will be swift in the coming years, this situation has led us to consider the evolution prior to the pandemic. It is true that the increase in number of years of life has been progressive and steady but, in recent years, these gains have not implied improved health among the older population. Disability-free life expectancy at the age of 65 has been very stable over time, but the figures are less encouraging when the presence of diseases and chronic conditions are taken into account. In this issue of Demographic Perspectives, we investigate whether there have been gains or losses in years of disease-free life for men and women at the age of 65 in Spain and by autonomous community (AC) in the years 2006, 2012, and 2017. The results indicate that increased life expectancy will also mean that people will live more time with diagnosed diseases unless the present trend is reversed. The most common ailments and conditions include hypertension, chronic back pain, diabetes, and heart disease. The differences between men and women tend to converge in years of life in good health, mainly as a result of a lengthening of time lived in poor health among men.Cabré, A. (1995) “Notes sobre la Transició familiar”. Transcription of the lecture presented at the seminar “Família i canvi social” for the United Nations Association of Spain, Barcelona, 1994. Papers de Demografia, Nº 96

scholarly journals Changes in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Scott Mandich
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Sullivan Method ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Life expectancy at birth continues to increase in Canada, reaching 81.2 years in 2009. Knowing whether these older years are healthy or disabled is critical for policymakers. We examine changes in disability-free life expectancy for men and women in Canada in 1994 and 2007 using the Sullivan method. We find that increases in life expectancy for men were due to a moderate increase in healthy years and a larger increase in disabled years. The increases in life expectancy for womenwere driven almost completely by increases in disabled years, suggesting an “expansion of morbidity” among women.

Persistent social inequality in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy: Outlook for a differential pension age in Denmark?

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Mette Lindholm Eriksen ◽  
Karen Andersen-Ranberg ◽  
Bernard Jeune
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
Old Men

Aims: The state old-age pension in Denmark increases to keep pace with the projected increase in average life expectancy (LE) without any regard to the social gap in LE and expected lifetime in good health. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in LE and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) between groups of Danes with high, medium and low levels of education. Methods: Nationwide register data on education and mortality were combined with data from the Surveys of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) surveys in 2006–2007, 2010–2011 and 2013–2014 and the DFLE by educational level was estimated by Sullivan’s method for each of these three time points. Results: Between 2006–2007 and 2013–2014, LE among 65-year-old men and women with a low educational level increased by 1.3 and 1.0 years, respectively, and by 1.4 and 1.3 years for highly educated men and women. The gap in LE between people with high and low levels of education remained more than 2 years. In 2006–2007, 65-year-old men with a high level of education could expect 3.2 more years without disability than men of the same age with a low level of education. In 2013–2014, the difference was 2.9 years. For women, the results were 3.7 and 3.4 years, respectively. Conclusions: With the persistent social inequality in LE of more than 2 years and the continuous gap between high and low educational groups in DFLE of about 3 years, a differential pension age is recommended.

Recent mortality in Britain: a review of trends and explanations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Percentage Improvement ◽  
Health And Social Care

Abstract The annual percentage improvement in standardised mortality rates in the period 2011–19 was the lowest for 70 years, whereas the 2001–10 value was the highest since records began in 1841. A similar slowdown occurred from around 2011 in most European Union countries, although this was generally less severe than in Britain. Life expectancy at birth actually fell in USA for three successive years in period 2014–17. The downturn in Britain since 2011 was wide-ranging, affecting young and old, women and men and the more and the less advantaged to a broadly similar extent. Year-to-year variation in mortality increased mainly due to increased volatility in winter excess mortality from 2011, but all seasons showed lower rates of improvement in underlying longer-term trends. Mortality had started to improve at the end of the decade and the 2019 value was the lowest-ever value in Britain. Two main explanations for these trends have been advanced: UK Government post-2008 austerity policies, especially in the health and social care sectors, and the role of seasonal influenza. However, the evidence for a dominant role for either of these is weak. Longer-term overall trends have been determined principally by trends in cardiovascular rather than non-cardiovascular causes of death, although recent changes in discovery and coding of dementias makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Healthy life expectancy trends are also affected by changes in data and methods, but the proportion of life spent in good health for both women and men over age 65 has increased slightly since 2010.

scholarly journals Trends in Education-specific Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Spain, 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Voigt ◽  
Sebastian Daza ◽  
Dariya Ordanovich ◽  
Alberto Palloni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Education Differentials ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Background: There is mounting evidence for a recent increase of social disparities in chronicdisease prevalence and mortality. However, little is known about how these trends are reflected incombined measures of morbidity, disability and mortality.Method: We use two nationally representative surveys of the Spanish population for the years2008 to 2017 and standard measures of expected duration of disability and illness to assess timetrends and social disparities in mortality, morbidity and expected years lived in disability (DFLE)and with chronic illness (chrDFLE). We provide empirical evidence of shifting trends for thesemeasures. We then decompose these changes into contributions associated with disability, chronicillness and mortality. Finally, we estimate the size of education differentials in DFLE and chrDFLEand evaluate the magnitude and direction of changes of these differentials over time.Results: While the disability based indicator suggests a decrease of expected years withoutdisability for both men and women (expansion of morbidity), the morbidity based indicator showsan increase in time spend free of chronic disease for women but a slight decrease for men. Thedecrease in time spent without disability was observed for all education groups but is particularlymarked for those with low education.Conclusion: We find evidence of an expansion of morbidity in Spain between 2008 and 2017.The bulk of this development is related to increases in time spent with functional limitations overthis period. These patterns occur in conjuncture with growing social disparities in time spend withchronic illness or disability.

Analysis of Mortality Data due to Infectious Diseases: Life Table Methods Complementary to Direct Rates

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Moussa ◽  
M. M. Khogali ◽  
T. N. Sugathan
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

SummaryLife table methods are employed complementary to standard rates to analyse Kuwaiti mortality data due to infectious diseases. The procedure comprises total mortality, multiple-decrement, cause—elimination and cause—delay life tables. To improve reliability of estimated age-specific death rates, the numerator was based on the three-year average of deaths (1981-83), while the denominator was the mid 1982 population projected from the 1980 and 1985 population censuses. To overcome the difficulty of age heaping, both mortality and census data were graduated using the natural cubic spline approach. Proportional mortality was maximum in intestinal infectious diseases particularly in the rural Jahra Governorate. Infectious diseases caused 29.4 and 37.1% of male and female deaths respectively in infancy and early childhood. The male and female life expectancy at birth were 67 and 72 years, respectively.The multiple-decrement life tables showed that 3,346 men and 2,986 women out of the birth cohort (100,000) will ultimately die from infectious diseases. The average number of years lost due to infectious diseases were 0.75 years in both men and women. Relating this loss to the affected (saved) subpopulation only, large gains in life expectancy occur (22.3 and 25.2 years in men and women respectively).

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