From Conflict Protraction to Peace Actualization in Palestinian-Israeli Relations

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliba Sarsar
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Middle Line ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
Culture Of Peace

This article makes the case for harmonizing top-down peacemaking and bottom-up peace building in order to create and sustain a culture of peace. The analysis, focused on Palestinian-Israeli relations, finds the answer in the convergence of middle-line peacemakers and peace builders in “a center of peace actualization.” Such a safe space would allow for a shared concept of history, moderate action, and collaborative work on behalf of coexistence and social justice. Implied is the need for peacemakers and peace builders to become involved in each other’s domain and for all concerned to support middle-line peacemakers and peace builders as they advance peace. Such a concern is especially important and pertinent in our post- 9/11 world as the problems associated with the Palestinian-Israeli conflict persist and as the search for new ways for building a lasting peace in the Middle East continues.

Jos Bottom-up & top-down approaches to peace building

2018 ◽  
pp. 308-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Raufu Mustapha ◽  
Adam Higazi ◽  
Jimam Lar ◽  
Karel Chromy
Keyword(s):  
Peace Building ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Symbolic Post-Conflict Recovery in the Rwenzori Sub-Region of Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-715
Author(s):  
Muhumuza William
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War ◽  
Taking Action

Whereas there is a consensus on the significance of rebuilding conflict-torn states and societies, there is no agreement on how it should be done. The dominant framework of post-war rebuilding is clearly biased to rebuilding the ‘hardware’. This article argues that the government’s attempt to rebuild the Rwenzori sub-region in the aftermath of the Allied Democratic Forces war adopted the conventional approach that pays less attention to rebuilding ‘software’. It further asserts that the recovery programme was symbolic given that government wished to avoid the political consequences of not taking action at all. Symbolism not only led to flawed performance of the recovery programme but also negatively affected peace building in the sub-region. The article advocates not only for a synergy of rebuilding ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ but also for a nuanced approach that triangulates top-down and bottom-up approaches at all stages of post-conflict recovery.

Post-conflict reconstruction in the Middle East and North Africa region: A bidirectional parametric urban design approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-313
Author(s):  
Nicolai Steinø ◽  
Marwa Dabaieh ◽  
Karima Ben Bih
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Model Combining

Post-conflict reconstruction is a major topic in war-torn cities in the Middle East and North Africa region. Rather than being limited to re-establishing pre-conflict conditions, new formats of urban settings may be adopted, both for the design and quality of urban space, as well as for the design and building process. This article proposes a combined top-down and bottom-up design approach, supported by parametric urban design modelling. As sustainable (re-)development of the urban-scape requires coordination across different scales, a top-down approach is partly needed for reasons of coordination. As participatory design processes involving local stakeholders work from the partial to the whole, a bottom-up approach is partly needed for reasons of inclusion. By means of a parametric urban model combining both overview and detail, the two approaches can be combined. This article shows the theoretical framework and, by way of example, applies the model to Fallujah in Iraq as a case study.

scholarly journals What can co-creation do for the citizens? Applying co-creation for the promotion of participation in cities

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442095733
Author(s):  
Helena Leino ◽  
Eeva Puumala
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Creative Processes

Co-creation has become a globally popular concept in different sectors of the society. Its promise lies in breaking down hierarchies between local government, business life, universities, citizens and other stakeholders. Instead of being a top-down or bottom-up process, co-creation involves a multi-directional approach to problem solving. In this article, we scrutinize the capacity of co-creation to transform the practices of public sector in the context of urban development. In this way, we discuss both the potential and limitations of applying co-creation to the enhancement of citizen participation in cities. While new ways of acting can create novel spaces for opportunity, they also bring new winners and losers to the fore. After all, citizens are not all the same: they fall in several categories and some of them have more resources to participate in co-creative processes than others. Thus, it is relevant to know who participate in and whose voices get heard through these processes. We claim that to realise the participatory potential of co-creation, it is crucial to scrutinize actual practices through and networks within which it takes place. Through three co-creative processes from Finland, we illustrate that the promotion of participation through co-creation necessitates acknowledging the heterogeneity of citizens and taking seriously issues of urban social justice and inclusion. In conclusion, we identify issues regarding the sustainability and accessibility of participation that must be unpacked, if co-creative processes are to be used in the context of urban development.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up
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