scholarly journals Effects of Negative Emotions on Cognitive Schemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Marius-Gabriel Amzulescu ◽  
Andreea-Ionela Chiscop ◽  
Diana-Nicol Marin ◽  
Cristina Lare ◽  
Andra-Maria Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

The present study investigates the effect of negative emotions (focusing on disappointment, sadness and regret) on cognitive schemas. The sample consist in students from the University of Bucharest (convenience groups). A univariate unifactorial experimental design was used, as the current study had one independent variable, negative emotions, and a dependent variable, cognitive schemas, which was measured with the Core Beliefs Questionnaire instrument. We applied T test for independent samples, using SPSS. The t test was statistically significant, t (45) = 2.57, p <0.05. The confidence interval (95%) for the difference between the averages is between 2.95 and 24.35. After applying the intervention, the evaluated sample (M = 43.17, SD = 29,074) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (M = 29.52, SD = 11.257). The data collected support the main research hypothesis of the study, negative emotions can bring about changes in certain cognitive schemas by modifying, altering or disrupting them.

scholarly journals Effects of Negative Emotions on Cognitive Schemas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Marius-Gabriel Amzulescu ◽  
Andreea-Ionela Chiscop ◽  
Diana-Nicol Marin ◽  
Cristina Lare ◽  
Andra-Maria Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotions ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Cognitive Schemas ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

The present study investigates the effect of negative emotions (focusing on disappointment, sadness and regret) on cognitive schemas. The sample consist in students from the University of Bucharest (convenience groups). A univariate unifactorial experimental design was used, as the current study had one independent variable, negative emotions, and a dependent variable, cognitive schemas, which was measured with the Core Beliefs Questionnaire instrument. We applied T test for independent samples, using SPSS. The t test was statistically significant, t (45) = 2.57, p <0.05. The confidence interval (95%) for the difference between the averages is between 2.95 and 24.35. After applying the intervention, the evaluated sample (M = 43.17, SD = 29,074) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (M = 29.52, SD = 11.257). The data collected support the main research hypothesis of the study, negative emotions can bring about changes in certain cognitive schemas by modifying, altering or disrupting them.

scholarly journals Explicit Affective Strategy Instruction to Develop Speaking Performance of Egyptian EFL University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Mohammed Fahim El Sakka
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Strategy Instruction ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Speaking Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of explicit affective strategy instruction on the speaking performance of Freshmen English majors at Faculty of Education, Suez University, Egypt. The design of the study is a pre-post quasi experimental one. The instrument is a pre/post speaking performance test (designed by the researcher). Participants were eighty Freshmen English majors, randomly divided into two groups: a control group (N=40) and an experimental one (N=40). During the experiment, the experimental group was explicitly taught some affective strategies (lowering anxiety, encouraging yourself and monitoring emotions) while the control group was taught using the traditional method. All participants were tested using the pre/post speaking performance test before and after the intervention. The difference between the post test&rsquo;s mean scores of the control and experimental groups were calculated using Independent Samples t-test and the difference in the mean scores between the pre- and post tests of speaking performance was calculated for each group separately using Paired Samples t-test. A significant difference was found between the post test&rsquo;s mean scores of the control and the experimental groups in favor of the experimental group. Moreover, a significant difference was found between the mean scores of the pre and post test of the experimental group in favor of the post test. It was concluded that participants&rsquo; level of speaking performance significantly improved after receiving the explicit affective strategy instruction.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Rountable Technique on Student’S Writing Skill in Arranging Sentences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetty Wirasini ◽  
Syahron Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Writing Skill ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

This research is concerned with applying roundtable technique writing skill in arranging sentences to form simple present tense. The aim of the research is to find out if applying roundtable technique effects on students’ writing skill in arranging sentences. The research is conducted by experimental method. The population of the research is XI students of SMA Swasta Dwi Tunggal Tanjung Morawa in 2018-2019 academic year. The sample consists of 60 students then divided into two groups, 30 students as experimental group and 30 students as control group. The experimental group is taught by applying roundtable technique and the control group without applying roundtable technique. The researcher uses writing test as instrument of the research. The test is answered by multiple choices and arranging sentences about simple present tense.The researcher analyzes the data by using the formula of t-test commonly used. After calculating and analyzing the data, it is concluded that tcalculate is higher than ttable (5,54 > 2,02). It showed that there is a significant difference. The pre test mean score of experimental is 57,16 and post test is 84,5, the difference is 27,34. The value ot tcalculate is bigger than ttable (5,54 > 2,02) degree of freedom is 58, and the level significance is 0,05. The result is that applying roundtable technique gives significant effect on students’ writing skill in arranging sentences simple presentt tense. So, It can concluded from t-test above that the hypothesis of this study is accepted.

scholarly journals THE USE OF CARTOON “FROZEN” MOVIE AS VISUAL MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN LEARNING SPEAKING: A CASE OF NINTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP SULTAN AGUNG 1 SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Nugrahani ◽  
Fitria Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

The objectives of this study are (1) to find out the speaking ability of students in grade 9th of SMP SultanAgung 1 taught without using Cartoon “frozen” movie. (2) to find out the speaking ability of students in grade 9th of SMP Sultan Agung 1 taught with cartoon “frozen” movie. (3) to know the difference in speaking ability of students in grade 9thin SMP Sultan Agung 1 taught with and without using cartoon “frozen” as Media.This study investigates the speaking ability of the students taught using cartoon “frozen” movie as media, the speaking ability of the students taught without using cartoon “frozen” movie as media, whether or not there is significant difference of speaking ability between the students taught using cartoon “frozen” movie and those taught without cartoon “frozen” as media..This study, belongs to experimental quantitative method. The population of the study was ninth grade students of SMP Sultan Agung 1 Semarang. In this study, purposive sampling has been used to take the samples. The samples were 9A as experimental group, and 9E as control group. Then, the instruments of this study were test and document.It was found that the mean of experimental group was 72.53. Meanwhile, the mean of control group was 60.67. The mean of experimental group was higher than the mean of control group. So, it found that there was significant difference of the speaking ability between the students taught using cartoon “frozen” movie and those taught without using cartoon “frozen” movie as media.From the research findings, it can be concluded that since the use of cartoon “frozen” movie as modelin teaching speaking , the students were more interested in teaching learning process. It was proven based on the computation. The result of t-test was3.71 and t-table was 2.00. So the value of t-test was higher than t-table (3.71>2.00).It concludes that using cartoon “frozen” movie as media can promote students speaking ability. Based on the conclusion, some suggestions were proposed for the teacher and the students. The teacher can use cartoon “frozen” movie as media for teaching speaking. The students can use cartoon “frozen” movie to enhance the understanding of the content information, and to promote their speaking ability.

scholarly journals THINK-TALK-WRITE (TTW) AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT: A CASE OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN DEMAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiyak Wiyak ◽  
Irpan Subhan Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academic Year

This study focuses on Think-Talk-Write Strategy in teaching descriptive text to improve students’ writing ability. The objectives of this study are (1) to find out the students’ writing ability of the tenth grade students of MAN Demak in academic year 2014/2015 who were taught by using Think-Talk-Write (TTW). (2) to find out the students’ writing ability of the tenth grade students of MAN Demak in academic year 2014/2015 who were taught without using Think-Talk-Write (TTW). (3) to find out whether or not there was a significant difference of writing ability between the tenth grade students of MAN Demak in academic year 2014/2015 who were taught with Think-Talk-Write (TTW) strategy and without Think-Talk-Write (TTW). The research was Quasi-Experimental research. The subject of the study was the tenth grade students of MAN Demak. Cluster sampling is used in taking the sample. 40 students from class X-5 were selected as the experiment group and 40 students from class X-1 as the control group. The t-test was used to analyze the data. Experiment research was used here to get the data. The pre-test was given to the students on both of groups. After that, the difference treatment was given in experimental group. At the end of the research, the post-test was given to both of groups. The count of the mean score of the experimental class was 79.95 and the count of mean score of the control class was 76.17. It shows that teaching descriptive text by using Think-Talk-Write (TTW) Strategy gave better result as indicated significant statistical t-test computation, that the t-table value (t5% = 2.03 and t1% = 2.80) is less than t0 = 13.09 (2.03<13.09>2.80). It could be seen that there is a significant difference in writing ability of the tenth grade students of MAN Demak after being taught using Think-Talk-Write (TTW) Strategy. The researcher offers some suggestions in this research. The school should give good facilities and many strategies for teaching and learning process. For the teacher, the teacher should give variation teaching especially using new techniques and strategies in teaching descriptive text to improve students’ writing ability. For the students, the students have to do more active, confident and creative.

scholarly journals INTERVENSI KADER DALAM MENDUKUNG PROGRAM PEMBERIAN OBAT MASSAL PENCEGAHAN (POMP) FILARIASIS DI KECAMATAN CIBEUREUM DAN CIBINGBIN, KABUPATEN KUNINGAN, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Joni Hendri ◽  
Mara Ipa ◽  
Aryo Ginanjar ◽  
Yuneu Yuliasih ◽  
Endang Puji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRACT The filariasis mass drug administration (MDA) program is one of the strategies to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. First round coverage in Kuningan Regency was 85.4%, but only 50% of sub-districts have reached the target. The aim of this research was to determine the improvement of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of health cadres through intervention to increase the filariasis MDA coverage in Kuningan Regency. A quasi-experimental research was conducted in Cibeureum and Cibingbin Sub-District of Kuningan Regency using pretest-posttest design from May to October 2016. Selected subjects of this research were 32 health cadres who were given intervention in the form of workshop utilizing leaflets, handbooks, and video. The difference is treatment group was taught about filariasis related materials by an expert but the control group was not. Data were analyzed with paired t-test. The result showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test in terms of KAP in both groups with p-value of 0,000, but there was no difference in value between the two groups. Thus, the study concluded that training on cadres with a filariasis expert could be an effective strategy as to increase MDA coverage. Keywords: Intervention, filariasis MDA, knowledge, cadre   ABSTRAK Pemberian Obat Massal Pencegahan (POMP) merupakan salah satu strategi eliminasi filariasis di Indonesia. Hasil cakupan POMP putaran pertama di Kabupaten Kuningan mencapai 85,4% dari total target penduduk, namun hanya 50% kecamatan yang mencapainya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku kader setelah dilakukan intervensi dalam rangka meningkatkan cakupan pengobatan filariasis di Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Cibeureum dan Cibingbin, Kabupaten Kuningan pada bulan Mei - Oktober tahun 2016 dengan eksperimen semu menggunakan desain  pretest-posttest control group. Sampel penelitian adalah 32 kader yang diberi intervensi berupa pelatihan dengan media cetak  dan video. Perbedaan antara kelompok intervensi dengan kontrol adalah bahwa kelompok intervensi diajarkan materi terkait filariasis oleh seorang ahli dan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan pelatihan. Data dianalisis menggunakan paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pada skor nilai pretest-posttest pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pada masing-masing kedua kelompok dengan hubungan bermakna (p-value 0,000), tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai pretest-posttest antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Hal ini berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Kesimpulannya bahwa pelatihan pada kader menggunakan media cetak dan video dengan narasumber pakar filariasis merupakan salah satu strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan cakupan pengobatan POMP filariasis. Kata kunci: Intervensi, POMP, pengetahuan, kader

scholarly journals The Effect of Green Coconut Water On The Levels Of Dysmenorrhea Pain Among Adolescent Girls In Berekah Village Sukabumi Regency In 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Siti Hasanah Fikria ◽  
Triana Indrayani ◽  
Sri Dinengsih
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

Background: Menstruation is periodic bleeding from the uterus which starts about 14 days after ovulation periodically due to the detachment of theuterine endometrial lining. The incidence of dysmenorrhea in West Java was quite high, the results of the study found that 54.9% of women experienced dysmenorrhea, consisting of 24.5% experiencing mild dysmenorrhea, 21.28% experiencing moderate dysmenorrhea and 9.36% experiencing severe dysmenorrhea. One of the treatment for menstrual pain with other non-pharmacological therapies can be used by consuming coconutwater.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of giving green coconut water on dysmenorrhea pain among adolescent girls in Berekah village, Sukabumi district in 2021.Methods: This study was a Quasi Experiment using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling which consisted of 30 adolescent girls who experienced dysmenorrhea every menstruation. The data were analyzed using the Paired T-Test to determine the difference in scores in one group and the Independent T-Test to determine the difference in scores between groups.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the dysmenorrhea pain scale before and after being given green coconut water (p <0.05).Conclusion: Green coconut water has an effect on reducing the dysmenorrhea pain scale among adolescent girls in the village of Berekah, Sukabumi district. It is hoped that green coconut water can be applied thoroughly as a traditional treatment in dealing with dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls

Attitudes Do Not and Cannot Change Overnight!

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Yamikani Ndasauka ◽  
Tawina Chisi ◽  
Grivas Kayange ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
T Test ◽  
Teaching Business Ethics ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Malawi

The study investigated the difference of attitudes towards business ethics between students who have studied a business ethics course (n=88) and those who have not (n=94) at the University of Malawi in Malawi. It was hypothesised that students who had undergone the course would have more positive attitudes towards business ethics than those who had not. We employed the Attitudes towards Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ) and used t-test to measure the difference. The results were surprising as most items (23/30) showed no significant difference in attitudes towards business ethics by students who had undergone the course from those who had not. Out of the seven that showed significant difference, five of the items showed more positive attitude towards business ethics by those students who had undergone the course than those students who had not. This shows that there is something positive as regards the methods of teaching business ethics at the University, but requires leveraging. The paper concludes by recommending three leveraging points that the University of Malawi can adopt in teaching a business ethics course.

The Effect of Badminton in Myopia Progression Among Children in Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Banu Aji Dibyasakti ◽  
Suhardjo Suhardjo ◽  
Tri Wahyu Widayanti ◽  
Zaenal Muttaqien
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objectives : to observe the effect of badminton in myopia progression among children in Yogyakarta. Methods : This is a cohort study involving 139 eyes from 77 children. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: badminton (n=73) and control (n=66) group. The refractive error was measured by using auto- refractometer with additional cycloplegic agent (1% cyclopentolate). Myopia progression between baseline and 6 month follow up in each group were compared by using Paired T-Test Analysis. The difference of myopia progression in both group were compared by using Independent Sample T-Test Analysis. The relative risk of myopia progression by playing badminton was analysed by using 2x2 table analysis. Results : The mean refractive error in the badminton group was -1.03 ± 0.62 D (baseline) and -1.07 ± 0.64 D (6 months), while in the control group was -1.11 ± 0.66 D (baseline) and -1.24 ± 0.69 D (6 months). There was significant difference in the mean refractive error between baseline and 6 months in each group (p<0.05). Myopia progression in badminton group was 0.04 ± 0.10D, while in control group 0.12 ± 0.22. There was significant difference in myopia progression between two groups (p<0.05). Badminton is also significant protective factor against myopia progression in children (RR: 0.329 (0.157-0.687); p<0.05), even though another factor such as near-work, outdoors activities, and hereditary factor could confound the progression. Conclusion : Children who are routinely playing badminton show less myopia progression. There is statistically significance but not clinically significant difference in myopia progression between two groups. Playing badminton is a protective factor towards myopia progression

scholarly journals The Fishbowl Method to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skills

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Dewanti Mulki Rahma
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Academic Year

This study deals with The Fishbowl Method to Improve the Students’ Speaking Skill (An Experimental Study in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the Academic Year of 2014/2015). This research was done to answer the objectives of study, namely (1) to find out the difference of lecturing and Fishbowl method in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015, (2) to find out the significant difference of lecturing and Fishbowl method in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015. This research applied descriptive quantitative method. The objects were Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015, and the analyzing data were students’ speaking skill that was taught by Fishbowl Method. The sample of this research was taken 28% from population. The numbers of sample were 50 students that were divided into 2 groups. The first group was experimental group and the second group was control group. The data tested using t-test formula by comparing the mean score of pre-test and post-test from both classes. The level of significance was set equal or less than 5%. The result of this study showed that t-value 8, 511 was higher than t-table 2, 064 with the degree of freedom (df) of 24. Therefore, it could be concluded that there was significant difference of T-test between students taught by lecturing and students taught by Fishbowl method. Since t-value was higher than t-table, it meant that null hypothesis was rejected and alternative hypothesis was accepted. Thus, it could be said that Fishbowl method improved students’ speaking skill in Ninth Grade Students of SMP N 2 Ambarawa in the academic year of 2014/2015

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