scholarly journals Imagen corporal percibida en mujeres adolescentes deportistas y no deportistas (Perceived body image in female adolescent athletes and non-athletes)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
Martha Ornelas Contreras ◽  
Omar Solis ◽  
Natalia Solano Pinto ◽  
Judith Margarita Rodríguez-Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Social Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Female Teenagers ◽  
Univariate Analyses

El presente estudio evaluó la percepción sobre su imagen corporal actual, ideal, social e inconformidad corporal entre adolescentes mexicanas deportistas vs no-deportistas. La muestra fue obtenida por conveniencia con un total de 408 mujeres con una edad de M= 14.24 y DE= 1.69 años; 198 de ellas conforman el grupo de deportistas (M=14.30 y DE= 1.57) ya que practican algún deporte y participan regularmente en torneos o competencias deportivas, las otras 210 participantes son del grupo de no deportistas (M= 14.18 y DE= 1.79). Todas contestaron la Escala Informatizada para la Estimación del Contorno de la Figura (EIECF) adaptada e informatizada. Los resultados del análisis de la varianza, muestran que las adolescentes no deportistas son quienes eligen modelos más gruesos para su figura actual y social, además de mostrar mayor inconformidad corporal. Resultados que permiten concluir que, en general, las personas activas tienen una mejor percepción de su imagen corporal, que las sedentarias.Abstract. This study consisted in determining differences and similarities between Mexican adolescents who practice a sport and those who do not with regard to their perception of their actual, ideal, and social body image, as well as their body dissatisfaction. A total sample of 408 female teenagers aged 12-17 years old participated in this study; 198 of them practiced a sport and regularly participated in tournaments or competitions. All the participants completed the Contour Drawing Rating Scale adapted and computerized by Gastélum and Blanco (2006). The results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that adolescents who do not regularly participate in sports show thicker models in their present and social body image, in addition to displaying higher body dissatisfaction.

scholarly journals Efectos de un programa de juegos reducidos sobre la función ejecutiva en una muestra de chicas adolescentes (Body image in university Mexican students: differences between men and women)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Chirosa Ríos ◽  
Antonio Hernández Mendo ◽  
Jeanette López Walle ◽  
Rafael Enrique Reigal Garrido ◽  
Rocío Juárez Ruiz de Mier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mexican Students ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The One ◽  
Univariate Analyses

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió comparar los perfiles de imagen corporal percibida de alumnos y alumnas universitarios mexicanos. La muestra total fue de 1577 sujetos; 871 mujeres y 706 hombres, con una edad media de 20.39 años (DE= 2.02) y 20.96 años (DE= 2.29) respectivamente. El abordaje adoptado en la investigación se enmarcó dentro de un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo tipo encuesta. Los resultados del análisis multivariante de la varianza, seguido por los análisis de varianza univariados, muestran que las mujeres son quienes muestran mayor insatisfacción con su imagen corporal. Las diferencias encontradas entre hombres y mujeres con respecto a la percepción de su imagen corporal, sugieren que al diseñar cualquier tipo de intervención que tenga como objetivo mejorar la percepción de la propia imagen habrá que tomar en cuenta a la variable género. Futuras investigaciones deberían replicar estos hallazgos en muestras más amplias.Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to compare perceived body image profiles in Mexican university students according to gender. A total sample of 871 women (mean age = 20.39; SD = 2.02) and 706 men (mean age = 20.96; SD = 2.29) were selected for the study. A quantitative approach with a descriptive and transversal survey design was used. Results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that compared with men, women present greater dissatisfaction with their body image. Due to the differences between men and women underlined in our study, we suggest to take into account gender while designing any intervention aiming to improve body image perception in students.

scholarly journals Actual, social and ideal body image in Mexican adolescents and their relation with body dissatisfaction: gender differences (Imagen corporal actual, social e ideal y su relación con el descontento corporal en adolescentes mexicanos: diferencias por género

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Armando Cocca ◽  
José René Blanco Ornelas ◽  
Jesús Enrique Peinado Pérez ◽  
Jesús Viciana Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Images ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Ideal Body

The purpose of the present study was to compare the perception of current (CBI), ideal (IBI), social body images (SBI), and body dissatisfaction (BD) by gender in Mexican primary and secondary school students. A total sample of 1,146 participants (550 girls and 596 boys) aged 11-16 participated in the study. All participants completed the Mexican computerized adaptation of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Results of one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that girls (ABI = 4.26; IBI = 3.53; SBI = 4.28; BD = 0.89) expressed a greater discrepancy between ideal and actual body shape, as well as lower scores of ideal body shape than boys (ABI = 4.28; IBI = 3.93; SBI = 4.31; BD = 0.61). However, no statistical differences were found between boys and girls in actual and social body shape. Although current and social body images are perceived in a similar way by adolescents in our sample regardless of gender, yet girls seem to be more responsive to social and environmental pressures related with body stereotype, this being reflected by a higher dissatisfaction and a thinner idealization of the body. Our findings suggest that we need to focus our attention on girls, especially in a phase of changes such as puberty, if we aim to design any intervention that could positively impact youth’s health through a proper body image.Resumen. El propósito de este estudio fue de comparar por género la percepción de la imagen corporal actual (CBI), ideal (IBI) y social (SBI), así como el descontento con el propio cuerpo (BD), en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de escuelas primarias y secundarias. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1.146 participantes (550 niñas y 596 niños) de entre 11 y 16 años de edad, que completaron la adaptación mexicana de la Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Los resultados de los análisis multivariados y univariados demuestran que las niñas (ABI = 4.26; IBI = 3.53; SBI = 4.28; BD = 0.89) sufren un mayor descontento corporal que los niños (ABI = 4.28; IBI = 3.93; SBI = 4.31; BD = 0.61), así como consideran que el cuerpo ideal sea mucho más delgado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas en la imagen corporal real y social. Aunque los adolescentes perciban de una manera similar su cuerpo independientemente del género, las niñas son más receptivas en lo que refiere a las presiones sociales del estereotipo corporal, reflejándose esto en un mayor descontento y en un ideal excesivamente magro de su cuerpo. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de enfocar la atención en las niñas, especialmente durante la pubertad, de cara a implementar intervenciones apropiadas que tengan un impacto real sobre la salud de los jóvenes a través de la construcción de una apropiada imagen corporal.

scholarly journals Insatisfacción corporal en universitarios mexicanos deportistas y no deportistas (Body dissatisfaction in Mexican university athletes vs non-athletes)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Luis Humberto Blanco Ornelas ◽  
José Leandro Tristán Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Martha Ornelas Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
University Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Size Dissatisfaction ◽  
The One ◽  
Male University Students

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar las diferencias y similitudes entre universitarios mexicanos que practican un deporte de manera regular con los que no lo hacen, en cuanto a la percepción sobre su imagen corporal actual, ideal, social e inconformidad corporal. La muestra total fue de 661 hombres estudiantes universitarios de 18-33 años de edad; 372 de ellos practican algún deporte y participan regularmente en torneos o competencias deportivas. El abordaje adoptado en la investigación se enmarcó dentro de un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño transversal de recogida de datos. Todos los participantes contestaron la Escala Informatizada para la Estimación del Contorno de la Figura (EIECF) adaptada e informatizada por Gastélum y Blanco (2006). Los resultados del análisis multivariante de la varianza, seguido por los análisis de varianza univariados, muestran que los universitarios que no participan de manera regular algún deporte son quienes eligen modelos más gruesos para su figura actual, ideal y social, además de mostrar mayor inconformidad corporal. Futuras investigaciones deberían replicar estos hallazgos en muestras más amplias.Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine differences and similarities in present, ideal, and social body image perception, as well as in body size dissatisfaction, between Mexican university students who practice a sport on a regular basis and those who do not practice any sport. A total sample of 661 male university students aged 18-33 years old participated in this study; 372 of them practiced a sport and participated regularly in sport competitions. A quantitative research approach with a transversal data collection design was used. All participants completed the Contour Drawing Rating Scale adapted and computerized by Gastélum and Blanco (2006). Results of the one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that university students who do not regularly participate in sports display thicker models for their present, ideal and social figure. In addition, they demonstrate higher body size dissatisfaction. Further research should focus on confirming these outcomes with larger samples. 

scholarly journals The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6028
Author(s):  
Kamila Czepczor-Bernat ◽  
Anna Brytek-Matera ◽  
Paweł Matusik
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Empirical Verification ◽  
Restrictive Eating ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

The purpose of the present study was to provide an empirical verification of the Circle of Discontent with an assessment of its relationship to restrained and uncontrolled eating among children and adolescents. This study examined whether our results confirm a new hypothesized model. The total sample comprised 282 children and adolescents (148 girls and 134 boys; 141 participants with normal body weight and 141 with obesity). The mean age was 12.23 years (SD = 2.80), and the average BMI (body mass index) was 23.29 kg/m2 (SD = 6.27). The following were used: Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, Children’s Body Image Scale, Figure Rating Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Eating Disorders in Youth. The obtained values of the model fit indices proved the goodness of fit. Our findings show that obesity accompanies body dissatisfaction and uncontrolled and restrictive eating. Moreover, the higher the level of restrictive eating, the lower the level of uncontrolled eating. The relationships between body dissatisfaction, negative affect and restrictive eating, as well as that between uncontrolled eating and high-energy consumption, are significant and positive. Other relationships are non-significant. The above-mentioned relationships established in the Circle of Discontent, as well as relationships of restrained and uncontrolled eating with variables described in the circle, were confirmed. Based on our results, preventive strategies and psychological interventions can be created and may include changes in body image, eating behaviors and emotional functioning.

Finding Talent Among Elementary English Learners: A Validity Study of the HOPE Teacher Rating Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 001698622098594
Author(s):  
Nielsen Pereira
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The One

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the HOPE Scale for identifying gifted English language learners (ELs) and how classroom and English as a second language (ESL) teacher HOPE Scale scores differ. Seventy teachers completed the HOPE Scale on 1,467 students in grades K-5 and four ESL teachers completed the scale on 131 ELs. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the HOPE Scale yields noninvariant latent means across EL and English proficient (EP) samples. However, confirmatory factor analysis results support the use of the scale with ELs or EP students separately. Results also indicate that the rating patterns of classroom and ESL teachers were different and that the HOPE Scale does not yield valid data when used by ESL teachers. Caution is recommended when using the HOPE Scale and other teacher rating scales to compare ELs to EP students. The importance of invariance testing before using an instrument with a population that is different from the one(s) for which the instrument was developed is discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control on Body Image: A Path-Analysis in Aspiring Fashion Models, Athletes and Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6128
Author(s):  
Donatella Di Corrado ◽  
Marinella Coco ◽  
Maria Guarnera ◽  
Nelson Mauro Maldonato ◽  
Alessandro Quartiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fashion Models

It is widely documented that negative body image is a significant public health concern due to its association with symptoms of disordered eating and worse psychological well-being. The purpose of the study was to develop a path model of intrapersonal dimensions (self-efficacy and internal locus of control) as antecedents of perceived stress toward females’ body dissatisfaction and eating attitude disorders. A total of 300 females, including 100 aspiring fashion models, 100 athletes and 100 students (controls), between 15 and 24 years of age (M = 19.6, SD = 1.85) participated in the study. Measures included level of psychological stress, self-efficacy and locus of control dimensions, body dissatisfaction and eating attitude disorder indices. A path analysis confirmed our research hypothesis. Comparing the three subsamples, we found better fit indexes in the two subgroups with elevated investment on their body image with respect the control group. More specifically, the model in the group of aspiring fashion models showed the best fit index. These results indicated that aspiring fashion models have a strong desire to maintain their low body mass or to become thinner. For this reason, a suitable involvement of expert health workers in the nutritional and psychological field could be extremely essential in the fashion world to maintain a healthier well-being.

Celebrity influence on body image and eating disorders: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532098831
Author(s):  
Zoe Brown ◽  
Marika Tiggemann
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Appearance Comparison

Celebrities are well-known individuals who receive extensive public and media attention. There is an increasing body of research on the effect of celebrities on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Yet, there has been no synthesis of the research findings. A systematic search for research articles on celebrities and body image or eating disorders resulted in 36 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Overall, the qualitative, correlational, big data, and experimental methodologies used in these studies demonstrated that exposure to celebrity images, appearance comparison, and celebrity worship are associated with maladaptive consequences for individuals’ body image.

How Universal Is a Construct of Loneliness? Measurement Invariance of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Indonesia, Germany, and the United States

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110345
Author(s):  
Joevarian Hudiyana ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln ◽  
Steffi Hartanto ◽  
Muhammad A. Shadiqi ◽  
Mirra N. Milla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
The One

The UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-20) and its short version (ULS-8) are widely used to measure loneliness. However, the question remains whether or not previous studies using the scale to measure loneliness are measuring the construct equally across countries. The present study examined the measurement invariance (MI) of both scales in Germany, Indonesia, and the United States ( N = 2350). The one-, two-, and three-factor structure of the ULS-20 did not meet the model fit cut-off criteria in the total sample. The ULS-8 met the model fit cut-off criteria and has configural, but not metric invariance because two items unrelated to social isolation were not MI. The final six items (ULS-6) exclusively related to social isolation had complete MI. Participants from the United States scored highest in the ULS-6, followed by participants from Germany and then Indonesia. We conclude that the ULS-6 is an appropriate measure for cross-cultural studies on loneliness.

scholarly journals Restrained eating in Lebanese adolescents: scale validation and correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Boulos Nakhoul ◽  
Anthony Mina ◽  
Michel Soufia ◽  
Sahar Obeid ◽  
Souheil Hallit
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Distress Scale

Abstract Background Restrained eating disorder is prevalent worldwide across both ethnic and different cultural groups, and most importantly within the adolescent population. Additionally, comorbidities of restrained eating present a large burden on both physical and mental health of individuals. Moreover, literature is relatively scarce in Arab countries regarding eating disorders, let alone restrained eating, and among adolescent populations; hence, the aim of this study was to (1) validate the Dutch Restrained Eating Scale in a sample of Lebanese adolescents and (2) assess factors correlated with restrained eating (RE), while taking body dissatisfaction as a moderator between body mass index (BMI) and RE. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and June 2020 during the lockdown period imposed by the Lebanese government, included 614 adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years from all Lebanese governorates (mean age of 16.66 ± 1.01 years). The scales used were: Dutch Restrained Eating Scale, body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-Second version, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Beirut Distress Scale (for psychological distress), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (for depression). Results The factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution with Eigen values > 1 (variance explained = 59.65 %; αCronbach = 0.924). Female gender (B = 0.19), higher BMI (B = 0.49), higher physical activity index (B = 0.17), following a diet to lose weight (B = 0.26), starving oneself to lose weight (B = 0.13), more body dissatisfaction (B = 1.09), and higher stress (B = 0.18) were significantly associated with more RE, whereas taking medications to lose weight (B=-0.10) was significantly associated with less RE. The interaction body mass index (BMI) by body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with RE; in the group with low BMI, higher body dissatisfaction was significantly associated with more RE. Conclusions Our study showed that the Dutch Restrained Eating scale is an adapted and validated tool to be used among Lebanese adolescents and revealed factors associated with restrained eating in this population. Since restrained eating has been associated with many clinically-diagnosed eating disorders, the results of this study might serve as a first step towards the development of prevention strategies targeted towards promoting a healthy lifestyle in Lebanese adolescents.

Regional cerebral blood flow patterns of change following the own body image exposure in eating disorders: A longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rodriguez-Cano ◽  
Luis Beato-Fernandez ◽  
Inmaculada Garcia-Vilches ◽  
Ana Garcia-Vicente ◽  
Victor Poblete-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to see if the changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) experienced by restrictive anorexia nervosa (AR) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, following the exposure to their own body image, persist at follow-up.MethodsThree single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed on nine patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AR, 13 with BP, and 12 controls: at rest, following a neutral stimulus, and after exposure to their previously filmed whole body image. Body dissatisfaction was measured by means of the Body Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ). One year later the same assessment was repeated.ResultsFollowing the exposure to their own body image, BN showed an increase in body dissatisfaction, which was associated with the increase in the rCBF of the Right Temporal Area. Those changes persisted at follow-up.DiscussionMore specific long term therapies are needed for the treatment of the averse response showed by ED patients to their own body image exposure that is associated with the hyperactivation of the right temporal area when they are confronted with their whole body image.

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