scholarly journals STRATEGI PENGAWASAN TERHADAP UJARAN KEBENCIAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL PADA PEMILU

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Dewi Anggraeni ◽  
Adrinoviarini Adrinoviarini
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The Political ◽  
False Information ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Gubernatorial Election ◽  
Taking Action

The political year is a fertile vehicle for disseminating news of hate speech, forms of intolerance, and false information (hoaxes) decorating the Indonesian social media universe. Election campaigns provide fertile ground for hate speech and incitement, especially on social media. This research aims to analyze and identify the prevalence of hate speech in the DKI Jakarta gubernatorial election by evaluating the regulations regarding hate speech on social media according to stakeholders and appropriate and effective strategies in preventing and taking action against hate speech violations in the Pilkada/Election. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, which portrays the phenomenon of the DKI Jakarta governor election in 2017, The data collection technique used was a focus group discussion by inviting several sources. The results of this study reveal that; Hate speech in 2017 on social media, especially Facebook, has increased in the momentum of the Pilkada. The ITE Law and SE / 06 / X / 2015 have been implemented by various stakeholders as an effort to prevent and prosecute hate speech offenders, although this has not been maximized due to the weak media literacy of Indonesian society itself. The case for the 2017 DKI Jakarta election as a prototype for the National Election. Therefore, election organizers need to pay special attention to monitoring social media during the election period.

scholarly journals Infodemiology: Computational Methodologies for quantifying and visualizing key characteristics of the COVID-19 infodemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Ligot ◽  
Frances Claire Tayco ◽  
Mark Toledo ◽  
Carlos Nazareno ◽  
Denise Brennan-Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
False Information ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Heat Maps ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Latent Topics ◽  
Taking Action

Objectives. Infodemics of false information on social media is a growing societal problem, aggravated by the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of infodemics has characteristic resemblances to epidemics of infectious diseases. This paper presents several methodologies which aim to measure the extent and development of infodemics through the lens of epidemiology.Methods. Time varying R was used as a measure for the infectiousness of the infodemic, topic modeling was used to create topic clouds and topic similarity heat maps, while network analysis was used to create directed and undirected graphs to identify super-spreader and multiple carrier communities on social media.Results. Forty-two (42) latent topics were discovered. Reproductive trends for a specific topic were observed to have significantly higher peaks (Rt 4-5) than general misinformation (Rt 1-3). From a sample of social media misinformation posts, a total of 385 groups and 804 connections were found within the network, with the largest group having 1,643 shares and 1,063,579 interactions over a 12 month period.Conclusions. These approaches enable the measurement of the infectiousness of an infodemic, comparative analysis of infodemic topics, and identification of likely super-spreaders and multiple carriers on social media. The results of these analyses can form the basis for taking action to stem an ongoing spread of misinformation on social media and mitigate against future infodemics. The methods are not confined to health misinformation and may be applied to other infodemics, such as conspiracy theories, political disinformation, and climate change denial.

scholarly journals USE OF CYBER HATE IN THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS BY THE MAINSTREAM POLITICAL PARTIES OF PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddiqua
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Political ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Cyber Ethics

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. The issue of poll rigging in Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 is examined through discourse analysis of the related tweets. The study also aims at comprehending the extent to which cyber ethics were violated during the digital electoral campaigns. Methodology: Discourse Analysis of the tweets generated from the official Twitter handles of PTI and PMLN leaders was conducted to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. Violation of cyber ethics was explored through the qualitative interviews of 8 purposively selected social media managers of PMLN, PPP, and PTI. Main Findings: The findings indicated that party leadership/politicians used the elements of cyber hate which included abusive language, provocation, and character assassination against their opponents during the digital electoral campaign in general and regarding the poll rigging issue of Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 in specific. Resultantly the tweets using strong adjectives and metaphors on the political opponents were more frequently re-tweeted and attracted more favorites. Applications of this study: The study can be helpful in various cross-disciplinary areas that focus on the examination of the usage and impact of social media and cyberspace as a medium for hate speech dissemination. The study can significantly contribute to areas related to cyber ethics, digital electoral campaigning, freedom of expression, and political opinion building. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s originality lies in its attempt to unfold the foundations of digital electoral campaigning in Pakistan and how cyberhate was used as a pivotal tool for advancing the political narratives in a fragile democratic society.

scholarly journals Reasoning about Political Bias in Content Moderation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 13669-13672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Ronald E. Robertson ◽  
Christo Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Propensity Scoring ◽  
Political Bias ◽  
Left And Right

Content moderation, the AI-human hybrid process of removing (toxic) content from social media to promote community health, has attracted increasing attention from lawmakers due to allegations of political bias. Hitherto, this allegation has been made based on anecdotes rather than logical reasoning and empirical evidence, which motivates us to audit its validity. In this paper, we first introduce two formal criteria to measure bias (i.e., independence and separation) and their contextual meanings in content moderation, and then use YouTube as a lens to investigate if the political leaning of a video plays a role in the moderation decision for its associated comments. Our results show that when justifiable target variables (e.g., hate speech and extremeness) are controlled with propensity scoring, the likelihood of comment moderation is equal across left- and right-leaning videos.

scholarly journals Digital Public Sphere and Geography: The Influence of Physical Location on Twitter’s Political Conversation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Casero-Ripollés ◽  
Josep-Lluís Micó-Sanz ◽  
Míriam Díez-Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Conversation ◽  
The Government

Social media has instituted new parameters for the political conversation in the digital public sphere. Previous research had identified several of these new phenomena: political polarisation, hate speech discourses, and fake news, among others. However, little attention has been paid to the users’ geographical location, specifically to the role location plays in political discussion on social media, and to its further implications in the digital public sphere. A priori, we might think that on the digital landscape geographical restrictions no longer condition political debate, allowing increasingly diverse users to participate in, and influence, the discussion. To analyse this, machine learning techniques were used to study Twitter’s political conversation about the negotiation process for the formation of the government in Spain that took place between 2015 and 2016. A big data sample of 127,3 million tweets associated with three Spanish cities (Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia) was used. The results show that the geographical location of the users directly affects the political conversation on Twitter, despite the dissolution of the physical restrictions that the online environment favours. Demographics, cultural factors, and proximity to the centres of political power are factors conditioning the structure of digital political debate. These findings are a novel contribution to the design of more effective political campaigns and strategies, and provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the digital public sphere provided by Twitter.

How to Quarantine False Information: What the U.S. Government May Do as False Information Spread on Social Media during a Public Health Crisis Becomes a Biosecurity Threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonam James
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
False Information ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Public Health And Safety

Abstract With the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation about the pandemic spread prolifically on social media. False or harmful information about the coronavirus pandemic spread on social media included hate-speech, vaccine misinformation, and misinformation about public health and safety measures. In the midst of a serious public health crisis, where public cooperation for mandated health and safety measures hinges on trust in government and facts, false information rapidly spread through social media becomes a biosecurity threat. This article explores whether false or harmful information can be regulated during a serious public health emergency.

scholarly journals Religious Identity Politics on Social Media in Jakarta Gubernatorial Election 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Rahmad M. Arsyad ◽  
Muhammad Asdar A.B.
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Gubernatorial Election

This study aims to examine the construction of religious identity politics discourse on Facebook and Twitter social media platforms on the 2017 Jakarta governor election. The researcher uses a constructive perspective by Paul C. Stern who views the use of identity politics as a construction formed from collaboration between the community and the political elite in creating tension and new conflicts in the country. The research methodology used focuses on the discourse of religious identity politics on social media (Facebook and Twitter) is a critical discourse analysis by Teun A Van Dijk. The results of this study revealed the construction of religious identity politics which was adopted in the form of symbolic power "Muslim Governor for Jakarta" as a form of reproduction of the majority discourse of privileges on minority groups.

scholarly journals Exploring Self Identity: An Analysis of Audience Reception of Vlogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Rizki Briandana ◽  
Feni Fasta ◽  
Eli Jamilah Mihardja ◽  
Amer Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Audience Reception ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Youth Identity ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Data Collection Technique

This study analyzed the interpretation of the self-identity projected by Tasya Farasha through her YouTube content. The development of youth identity today cannot be separated from the role of social media. In this context, Tasya Farasha’s content was examined from the viewpoint of the audience who watched it. This study uses a reception analysis methodology with focus group discussion as data collection technique. The informants in this study were selected based on criteria and classified based on three different universities in Jakarta. The result showed that the informants perceived the content of Tasya Farasya’s broadcast as a reference for youth in forming self-identity both culturally and persuasively in speech and action. The self-identity that Tasya Farasya projects led to a cosmopolitan identity. An identity that sees human’s equality in a community. This self-identity also shows its resistance to various dogmas that discriminate against differences.

Alternative truths and delegitimization pragmatic strategies around the 2018 Italian elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-320
Author(s):  
Benedetta Baldi ◽  
Ludovico Franco ◽  
Leonardo M. Savoia
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies ◽  
Alternative Reading ◽  
Rhetorical Tools

Abstract In this paper we aim at analysing, from a pragmatic viewpoint, the rhetoric of delegitimization of the opponent in new media insofar as it triggers individual, uncontrolled and deep-rooted forms of communications. The communicative context is that of the political controversies and the propaganda around the Italian elections of March 2018. Accusations of fake news, hate speech and other delegitimizing rhetorical tools occur within the messages distributed on social media by politicians. We are specifically interested in illustrating and examining the disposition/standpoint of public social actors, of politicians in particular, toward the (delegitimizing) effects of the spreading of foul language, hate speech and fake news as instruments for re-shaping reality and introducing an alternative reading of facts.

scholarly journals POLITICS OR PIETY? UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC PIETY AND POLITICAL EXPRESSIONS OF INDONESIAN MUSLIM IN ONLINE SPHERE

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Aqida Nuril Salma
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Gubernatorial Election ◽  
Critical Aspects

In today’s digital age, one of the most significant shifts in the field of Islam in Indonesia is the increasing reliance of Muslims on social media when practicing and expressing their faith and religiosity. The expressions generally reflected in the consumer behavior and everyday lives of Indonesian Muslims, with their preference for Islamic banking, Islamic schools, Islamic fashion, Islamic medicines and most importantly, today Indonesian Muslims like to present these practices on their social media accounts. However, public expressions of piety have been apparent in the political life of Indonesian Muslims as Indonesia’s political landscape has undergone significant changes after the controversy surrounding Jakarta Gubernatorial Election. Although religion has often been ignored as an important political factor, but it can’t be denied that both are actually the biggest public parts of many people’s lives. Therefore, this paper argues that political contexts are critical aspects of modern formations of piety. Based on online observations combined with computational method, this paper tries to analyzes intriguing examples of how social media, the religious, and the everyday politics intersect, focusing on contemporary expressions of piety through political attitudes in an online sphere. 

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE MASS MEDIA IN THE 2017 GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION OF JAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Rina Hermawati ◽  
Nunung Runiawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Gubernatorial Election ◽  
Local Leaders

Purpose of Study: The media have an important role in the introducing process of candidates of local leaders. Various opinions on the candidates may be formed and spread to the public through the media. The media are able to organize realities from various events occurred so that they become the discourse that supports or rejects the candidates. Methodology: The media’s construction of the candidates is determined by three main factors, namely the media’s par- tiality towards capitalism/capital owners; quasi-support for the public and support for the public interests. The relation between the media and capital owners may make the news report of the media unbalance and tend to be on the side of certain candidates. The news narrative, the terms used, and the resource persons invited are adjusted to the interests of the media to make certain candidates win. Results: The media wars occur in every election for local leaders. One of the elections for local leaders that involved the media war is the Jakarta Election 2017. The media war occurred not only in offline such as printed matter media and online media but also in social media like Facebook and Twitter. Social media were filled with the issue about diversity against obedience to religion which was followed by some hate speech, hoax news, and insults from those who were not of the same opinion. Through this discourse, the political image of the candidate was constructed.

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