scholarly journals Scrub Typhus and Other Rickettsial Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. S138-S143
Author(s):  
Karthik Gunasekaran ◽  
George M. Varghese ◽  
Deepti Bal
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Rickettsial Infections

Clinical Features of Rickettsial Infection in Children in Tropical Australia—A Report of 15 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra G A Stewart ◽  
Simon Smith ◽  
Enzo Binotto ◽  
Josh Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Rickettsial infections are an under-recognized cause of acute, undifferentiated fever in the tropics. In Asia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates as high as 21% and case-fatality rates of up to 5% have been reported. This 20-year retrospective audit of children and adults with serologically confirmed scrub typhus or spotted fever group (SFG) infection was performed at a tertiary-referral hospital in tropical Australia. There were 15 paediatric cases during the study period (11 scrub typhus, 3 SFG and 1 undifferentiated). Hypotension [5/15 (33%)], tachycardia [6/15 (40%)] and tachypnoea [6/15 (40%)] were common at presentation. Children were more likely to be hypotensive at admission than adults [5/15 (33%) vs. 5/118 (4%), p = 0.002]. However, no child died or was admitted to ICU, compared with 18/120 (15%) adults who required ICU support during the study period, one of whom died. Paediatric rickettsial infections have a relatively benign clinical course in tropical Australia with serious complications appearing far less frequently than have been reported in the Asian literature.

scholarly journals A study on laboratory features of scrub typhus

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1828
Author(s):  
R. Ramanathan ◽  
E. Yazhini
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Pediatric Icu

Background: Rickettsial infections are the most common re-emerging infections in the recent times especially Scrub typhus. If untreated, fatality rate is as high as 30-35%. Scrub typhus can cause changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The need for this study is to correlate the laboratory investigations in patients with scrub typhus, so that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be done.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in children admitted in the pediatric ward/ pediatric ICU of RMMCH who were diagnosed to have Scrub typhus by positive ELISA test. Their basic laboratory investigations are categorized and correlated.Results: Normal Leukocyte count was seen in 48% (n=24) of the cases, leucocytopenia 30% (n=15), leucocytosis 22% (n=11). Platelets <1.5 lakhs were seen in 72% (n=36) and none of the cases had platelets less than 80000. Hb< 9gm/dl was seen in 44% (n=22). Hyponatremia in 24% (n=12). CRP was positive in 28% (n=14). Hypoalbuminemia was seen in 22% (n=11). Renal function test was normal in all the cases.Conclusions: This study discusses the various biochemical and hematological changes in patients with Scrub typhus. Pancytopenia is rare in patients with Scrub typhus. Abnormalities in renal and liver function tests may indicate the progression to complications. Normal WBC count with hyponatremia and hypoalbuminemia with related symptoms and signs can be used to diagnose the disease at earlier stages.

scholarly journals Systemic evaluation of febrile thrombocytopenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Vivek Katiyar ◽  
Rajesh Khare
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Febrile Patient ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Fatal Bleeding ◽  
Bleeding Manifestation

Background: Febrile patient with thrombocytopenia is commonly encountered by physicians especially during monsoon and perimonsoon period. Infections with protozoa, bacteria and viruses can cause thrombocytopenia with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. Commonly dengue, malaria, scrub typhus and other rickettsial infections, meningococci, leptospira and certain viral infections present as fever with thrombocytopenia. Occasionally these patients can go on to develop a stormy course with multiorgan dysfunction requiring intensive care unit admission associated with high morbidity and mortality. Though thrombocytopenia is encountered in various diseases, it is for sure that potentially fatal bleeding due to thrombocytopenia is rare. The study was intended to know the underlying etiology of febrile thrombocytopenia in our community, the various presentations and relationship between platelet level and severity of disease and prognosis.Methods: This study was carried out in 218 adult patients (age above 18 years) presenting with fever having thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1,50,000/mm3) in Dept. of medicine in IIMS and  R Lucknow UP.Results: Dengue was the commonest cause of fever with thrombocytopenia (58.71%) followed by P. falciparum malaria 8.71% and P. vivax malaria 6.88%. Bleeding manifestations were seen in 24.31% of patients. 58.49% of patients had patechie/purpura as the commonest bleeding manifestation followed by hematuria in 16.98 %.Conclusions: Fever with thrombocytopenia consists of occult presentations of common diseases rather than rare disease. Infection is the commonest cause of fever with thrombocytopenia. Among infections, dengue was the commonest cause. Treatment of underlying condition will lead to rapid improvement in platelet count with complete clinical recovery.

Hospital based serological evidence of rickettsial diseases and assessment diagnostic tests of pyrexia of unknown origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-124
Author(s):  
Muzaheed ◽  
Amal J Fatani ◽  
Darshan D Divakar ◽  
Sanjay Rathod ◽  
Mustafa S Aloahd
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Pyrexia Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

The present study examined hospital-based serological tests of rickettsial infections and assessment for diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Blood samples were tested for Weil Felix antigens, ELISA for scrub typhus group and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of DNA of spotted and scrub typhus group with the help of specific oligonucleotide. We tested 450 patient samples and found 101 Weil Felix-positive with 15 having ≥320 titres. IgM ELISA identified 32 (7.1%) positive cases. Positive PCR was seen in 13 (2.9%) samples, being only 40.1% of those testing positive for ELISA. Rickettsial infection is predominantly diagnosed through serological evidence in combination with molecular techniques. The Weil Felix test has a number of disadvantages and tends to provide false-positive results in a number of scenarios, especially where scrub typhus and spotted fever are widely distributed.

Seroprevalence and clinical profile of scrub typhus in patients presenting with undifferentiated acute febrile illness in a tertiary care centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Reena Anie Jose ◽  
Hyma Jose ◽  
Anjali Anne Jacob ◽  
Pramod Thomas ◽  
Renu Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Igm Elisa

Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is a common Rickettsial infection which has been increasingly reported from the various states of southern part of India. Aims and Objective: With very few reports from Central Kerala, we aimed to study the seroprevalence of scrub typhus and its clinical profile. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with acute undifferentiated febrile illness and other symptoms and signs of Rickettsial infections during a period of two years were included in this prospective study. Serodiagnosis of ST was based on a positive Scrub typhus IgM Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and/or agglutination for OXK in Weil Felix test. The cut-off for ELISA was calculated. The clinical and laboratory details of the positive patients were obtained and bivariate analysis was performed. Results: The cut-off for ST IgM ELISA was calculated and found to be 0.38. Of the 636 samples screened, 34 (5.3%) were positive for ST IgM ELISA. Out of the 34 positive samples, only 5 (0.8%) were positive by Weil Felix test. Most of the ST patients presented during the months of May to January. Rashes were observed in 8.8% of the ST patients and none had signs of eschar. The commonest clinical features included fever, myalgia (52.9%), nausea & vomiting (32.4%), headache (29.4%) and hepatosplenomegaly (29.4%). The commonest abnormal laboratory finding and complication observed were elevated serum transaminases (52.9%) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (17.6%) respectively. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of ST in Central Kerala was 5.3% using Weil Felix test and ST IgM ELISA.

Seroprevalence of Rickettsial Infections in Northeast India: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110158
Author(s):  
Siraj A. Khan ◽  
Manoj V. Murhekar ◽  
Trishna Bora ◽  
Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Jahnabi Saikia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae ◽  
Rickettsial Infections

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against scrub typhus, spotted fever group rickettsiae, and typhus group rickettsiae in randomly selected 48 clusters in 12 districts of 3 Northeast states of India: Assam, Meghalaya, and Tripura. Individuals in 3 age groups (5-8, 9-17, and 18-45 years) were selected from each cluster. Sera (N = 2360) tested were collected as part of a national survey on dengue seroprevalence conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. Overall, seroprevalence of 2.5% was detected against rickettsioses, with highest positivity against spotted fever group rickettsiae, followed by scrub typhus and typhus group rickettsiae. Seroprevalence was highest in Tripura (3.7%), followed by Assam (2.6%) and Meghalaya (1.04%). Adults of 18 to 45 years of age were found to be most affected (3.8%). The study findings indicate the need for increasing testing facilities for active case detection at hospital levels. Efforts on implementing effective preventing strategies are suggested to be targeted in disease-specific endemic foci.

scholarly journals Scrub Typhus: An Uncommon Cause of Pyrexia without Focus

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Yadav ◽  
Abhishek Chopra ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dutta ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Male Resident ◽  
Rickettsial Disease ◽  
Rickettsial Infections ◽  
Refractory Hypotension ◽  
Typhus Fever

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Commonly reported from hilly and forest areas, it usually presents with fever, eschar, maculopapular rash, headache, gastrointestinal symptoms and lymphadenopathy. We report a seven year old male resident of Delhi, a non-endemic region, presenting with pyrexia without focus and fluid refractory hypotension, subsequently diagnosed as scrub typhus. Fever responded to doxycycline and child was discharged on day 5. To conclude, rickettsial infections can be seen in non-endemic, urban areas as well and should be suspected and investigated in children presenting with pyrexia without focus, not responding to usual antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i3.8172   J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 2013;33(3):234-235

scholarly journals Descriptive epidemiology of rickettsial infections in Japan: Scrub typhus and Japanese spotted fever, 2007–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 560-566
Author(s):  
Hitomi Kinoshita ◽  
Yuzo Arima ◽  
Mika Shigematsu ◽  
Tomimasa Sunagawa ◽  
Masayuki Saijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Rickettsial Infections
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