Fifteen Years' Experience in Application Of External Corrosion Mitigation Methods to a High Pressure Natural Gas Transmission Line

CORROSION ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Senatoroff
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Ignition Probability for High Pressure Gas Transmission Pipelines

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Acton ◽  
Philip J. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

For most fuels transported by pipeline, whether or not ignition of an accidental release occurs is a critical factor in determining the extent of the resulting hazard. The probability of ignition is therefore a key input when undertaking pipeline risk assessments and the value chosen is a direct multiplier of the risk calculated. Typically, the ignition probability assigned is based on an analysis of historical data. However, the pipeline industry has a good safety record and major incidents are rare, sometimes resulting in widely differing values being used due to the scarcity of reliable data. For high pressure natural gas transmission pipelines, it is observed that ruptures of large diameter underground pipelines operating at high pressures can result in ignited releases even in remote areas with no obvious ignition sources present. Conversely, failures of small diameter pipelines operating at lower pressures rarely result in ignited releases, suggesting that ignition sources generated as a result of the failure event itself may be significant in causing ignition of high pressure natural gas releases from underground pipelines. The results of analysis previously reported at IPC2002 indicated a trend for the ignition probability to increase with pd2, with p the pipeline operating pressure (bar) and d the pipeline diameter (m). The relationship forms the basis of the default ignition probabilities recommended for use in the PIPESAFE package developed for risk assessment of gas transmission pipelines. Since the previous study was carried out, the number of pipeline rupture incidents in the dataset used has increased by about 20%, and following a recent review, the statistical analysis has been extended and refined. This paper reports the results of recent analysis of the most comprehensive incident dataset available to Advantica for natural gas transmission pipelines, presenting the correlation derived from a simple statistical analysis together with consideration of possible physical explanations for the trends observed based on an ongoing programme of research into the causes of ignition.

Pipeline Separation: A Review of Requirements, Guidance and Best Practices

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Demers ◽  
Arti Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pipeline

Alliance Pipeline (Alliance), an integrated Canadian and U.S. high-pressure, high-energy natural gas transmission pipeline system, is committed to the development and application of best practices for the full lifecycle of its pipeline system. Currently, there are several publications which individually set out minimum pipeline separation requirements, and discuss considerations for establishing an appropriate separation distance between adjacent pipelines or other buried structures sharing the same right-of-way (RoW). Alliance has reviewed these existing publications, and has consolidated the requirements, guidance, and best practices discussed therein for application in its own company practices. This paper summarizes the review and consolidation of these requirements, guidance, and best practices.

A Guideline: Using or Creating Incident Databases for Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bolt ◽  
A. Hilgenstock ◽  
C. Kolovich ◽  
D. Velez Vega ◽  
A. Cappanera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

This report details the work undertaken by the International Gas Union (IGU) Study Group 3.4 during the triennium 2003–2006. The initiative that launched this work came during the 22nd World Gas Conference where it was noticed that use of pipeline incident information often is not fit for purpose. A comparative analysis has been carried out considering the most frequently used and reliable high pressure gas pipeline incident databases. The four main objectives of the analysis were to determine the differences and similarities of existing databases, create a reference model to be used when developing a new pipeline incident database, assess if harmonization of existing databases is possible and to provide recommendations regarding the above.

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