The Multi-level Structure of Private Law: Editorial Introduction

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Level Structure ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Multi Level

HIGHER ORDER CELLULAR AUTOMATA

2005 ◽  
Vol 08 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 169-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
NILS A. BAAS ◽  
TORBJØRN HELVIK
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Multi Level

We introduce a class of dynamical systems called Higher Order Cellular Automata (HOCA). These are based on ordinary CA, but have a hierarchical, or multi-level, structure and/or dynamics. We present a detailed formalism for HOCA and illustrate the concepts through four examples. Throughout the article we emphasize the principles and ideas behind the construction of HOCA, such that these easily can be applied to other types of dynamical systems. The article also presents new concepts and ideas for describing and studying hierarchial dynamics in general.

1, 1'-Ferrocenedicarboxylic acid/tetrahydrofuran induced precipitation of calcium carbonate with multi-level structure in water

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Zhou ◽  
Guanghui Wang ◽  
Jie Du ◽  
Qinjiang Zhao ◽  
Xiang Pei
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Multi Level

The system of organic solvent and ligand had been successfully applied to regulate the coordination of metal ions in organic chemistry. Inspired by previous works, we had conducted the study...

Multi-level private law

2010 ◽  
pp. 182-209
Author(s):  
Hugh Collins
Keyword(s):  
Private Law ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Hierarchical Structure, Gelatinization, and Digestion Characteristics of Starch from Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Seeds

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Ziman Hu ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Zhuoyan Hu ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Starch ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Longan Seed ◽  
Type Crystal

Starch was isolated from longan seeds of three widely distributed cultivars (Chuliang, Shixia, and Caopu) in China. Comparisons of the multi-level structure of the starch of longan seeds among various cultivars were made, and the relations between these structural and property characteristics are discussed. The isolated starch, accounting for 44.9–49.5% (w/w) in longan seeds, had an oval or an irregular polygonal shape with a smooth surface. Their chain-length distributions (CLDs) varied with longan cultivar; Chuliang showed a larger proportion of longer amylopectin chains with a degree of polymerization (DP) 30~100. This is attributed to the slightly higher relative crystallinity of Chuliang longan seed starch. Apparent differences were also detected in amylose structure. Caopu showed a higher amylose content than Chuliang and Shixia, resulting in its lower gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy change. All longan seed starch had a typical A-type crystal structure with relative crystallinity ranging 28.6–28.9%. For raw starch, Caopu showed the lowest digestion rate, followed by Chuliang; Shixia showed the highest. This is because Caopu had the highest amylose content. Chuliang had a more intact structure than Shixia, as suggested by its higher crystallinity, although they had similar amylose content. After being fully gelatinized, all starch showed a similar digestion process, indicating that the digestibility of gelatinized starch does not differ with starch source or structure.

Joining the Cocktail Circuit: Social Movement Organizations at the European Union

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lahusen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Movement Organizations

Although social movement organizations have established themselves successfully on the European level, there is dispute whether the European Union is conducive or detrimental to movement politics. One view is that the EU's particular opportunity structures and styles of policy making subvert unconventional forms of action and participation, thus transforming social movements into a fragmented field of individual interest groups and lobbies. This article critically assesses this perspective. It traces these processes, showing that they were indeed part and parcel of the gradual Europeanization of social movements during the 1970s and 1980s. It then presents evidence that, in the aftermath of the Single European Act of 1986, the European movement sector began moving towards a more integrated multi-level structure. Data drawn from interviews with Euro-level movement activists and EU functionaries present a picture of this new interorganizational structure and multi-level action forms with reference to the European groups working on environmental protection, and human and social rights. It is argued that the present developments stress sectorial and cross-sectorial networking, self-regulation, and common policy deliberation.

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