Collectieve immuniteit voor emancipatiebeleid

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bommer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
Employment Participation ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Economic Motives

Collective immunity to emancipation policy Collective immunity to emancipation policy Through qualitative research it will be identified how part-time working mothers are related to the current emancipation debate. Increase in employment participation as a policy goal, has become dominant in the emancipation policy of the Cabinet in recent years. That women with children now largely work part-time does not ensure the economic independence, which the Cabinet and feminists had in mind. Research from Portegijs and Keuzekamp (2008) has shown that women follow their personal beliefs regarding the performance of the childcare role. That stimulating Cabinet measures are not heard by part-time working women, is a sign that the emancipation policy does not adequately meet the needs of women themselves. Economic motives count limited for the choice of women to provide care. Idealistic motives are decisive. The importance of a proper development of children is their first concern.

What should we do about the employment of women with children in Russia? The role of preschool educational institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
D. P. Kolesnik ◽  
A. A. Pestova ◽  
A. G. Donina
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Flexible Schedule ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Tight Correlation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Preschool Enrollment

The paper examines the opportunities and obstacles to increasing the employment of women with children in Russia. There is a tight correlation between Russia’s lagging behind in the share of working women with children under the age of three and a lack of supply of preschool and childcare institutions. Using quantitative analysis of the Russian regions, we show that the expansion of the supply of preschool education services is associated with an increase in the employment of women, and the cost of introducing additional places in preschool organizations is recouped by additional tax revenues from working women with children in two years. Our cross-country analysis shows that the transition from traditional gender and social roles to more equal ones, the reduction of gender inequality, the encouragement of fathers to take parental leave, and the increased availability of part-time or flexible-schedule employment for women with children could further facilitate the employment of women with children. Our estimates show that an increase of preschool enrollment in Russia to the level of European countries would materialize a sizable economic growth potential: an increase in income per capita would be 3.5%.

Designing training programs for HRD, expectations of participants explored

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Jol Stoffers ◽  
Ilse Schrijver ◽  
Anne Kleefstra
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Human Resource Development Professionals ◽  
Part Time

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the expectations of adult part-time participants enrolled in training programs. The purpose was to provide knowledge for the adequate design of those programs. Design/methodology/approach The design was a combination of complementary research methodologies. A literature review exploring the topic marked the start of the investigation. On the basis of this review, questions were formulated for group interviews, using the Delphi method, a qualitative research method. Findings The results revealed that participants in training programs have high expectations, in terms of facilities and organization, as well as in content, instructional formats, and trainers, albeit that these expectations differ per course. Practical implications Insights into participants’ expectations provide educational institutes with the opportunity to respond to the target group more appropriately, and to fulfill their obligation to facilitate lifelong learning for employees.This paper also supports human resource development professionals to select and design adequate training programs for their employees. Originality/value This is one of the few studies using the Delphi method, a qualitative research method, to investigate the expectations of adult part-time participants enrolled in training programs.

Knowledge Attitudes and Practice of Breast Milk Expression and Storage Among Working Mothers With Infants Under 6 Months of Age in Public Well Baby Clinics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRISCILLAH wanini EDEMBA ◽  
Grace Irimu ◽  
RACHEL MUSOKE
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Background: Many studies show that working mothers are unable to exclusively breastfeed successfully. Expression and storage of breastmilk is a strategy that ensures continued breastmilk consumption in the event of temporary separation of an infant from the mother. The 2017 Kenyan Health Act mandates employers to provide lactation rooms with guidance for appropriate utilization.Methodology: The study objective was to assess knowledge attitude and practice of breastmilk expression and storage among working women with infants below six months of age in Public Well Baby Clinics. This was a cross sectional study among 395 working women attending two large public hospitals in Nairobi Kenya. A structured questionnaire with open and closed ended questions was used to establish the knowledge and practice while a Likert scale was used to explore attitudes of the mothers towards expression and storage of breast milk. Results: Only 161(41%) were expressing breast milk. Those with tertiary education and those working in the public sector had significantly higher odds of having satisfactory knowledge OR4.47(95%CI 2.01-11.07) and OR2.26(95%CI 1.33-3.85) respectively. Attaining tertiary education was significantly associated with a possibility of expressing and storing breastmilk OR3.6(95% CI 1.81-7.95). The workplace did not provide adequate equipment to facilitate breastmilk expression. Challenges experienced were breast pain and cumbersome nature of expressing milk.Conclusion: The study revealed knowledge gaps in expression and storage of breastmilk that need to be addressed to enable the mothers fully utilize the lactation rooms when they become available at the workplace.

scholarly journals Relationships between informal caregiving, health and work in the Health and Employment After Fifty study, England 

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
E Clare Harris ◽  
Stefania D’Angelo ◽  
Holly E Syddall ◽  
Cathy Linaker ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Work Health ◽  
Part Time ◽  
General Practices

Abstract Background To investigate the prevalence of caregiving and its relationship with work, health and socio-economic circumstances in the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) study. Methods The HEAF study comprises 8134 men and women aged 50–64 years recruited from 24 general practices. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics and hours per week giving personal care were elicited by postal questionnaire. Objective clinical information about diagnoses/medications was retrieved from health records. Work-related and health risk factors for intense caring responsibilities (≥20 h/week vs. no hours) were explored using logistic regression with adjustment for age and social class. Results In all, 644 (17%) men and 1153 (26%) women reported caring responsibilities, of whom 93 and 199 were intense caregivers, who were more likely to be socio-economically disadvantaged; less likely to be working and, if combining caring with working (41 men and 90 women), more likely to be part-time/working shifts, than non-carers. Men caring ≥20 h/week were more likely to have COPD and to report musculoskeletal pain, poor/fair self-rated health, depression and sleep problems. Among working women, caring ≥20 h/week was associated with these same health outcomes and also with a doctor-diagnosed mental health problem or musculoskeletal pain in the previous year. Conclusions Caregiving is common and unequal in the HEAF cohort, with more high-intensity informal care provided by those with greater levels of socio-economic deprivation, which could affect their employment and health. Caregivers need support to lead long, healthy lives, rather than becoming care needers themselves. Employers and governments need to take caregiving into account and support it actively.

scholarly journals When Does Expanded Eligibility Translate into Increased Take-Up? An Examination of Parental Leave Policy in Luxembourg

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-363
Author(s):  
Merve Uzunalioglu ◽  
Marie Valentova ◽  
Margaret O'Brien ◽  
Anne-Sophie Genevois
Keyword(s):  
Working Mothers ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Marginal Part ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
Part Time ◽  
First Time

This article aims to explore the role of eligibility for parental leave as a determinant of access and as an enabler of leave take-up. To analyse the link between eligibility and take-up, we study a unique policy change in Luxembourg’s parental leave scheme. The country’s 2016 parental leave reform relaxed the eligibility criteria to enable marginal part-time working parents to access the parental leave scheme for the first time. We focus on this change and examine to what extent relaxing the eligibility criteria translated into increased take-up by the marginal part-time working parents who became eligible. To quantify this transition, we analyse trends in and patterns of eligibility for the scheme in Luxembourg between 2009 and 2018 among first-time parents working full-time, part-time, or marginal part-time hours. We use a subsample of Luxembourg-resident, cohabiting, first-time parents (N = 6,254) drawn from the social security data. Our analysis shows that as eligibility is dependent on individual factors, it has similarities among mothers and fathers, whereas take-up is notably greater for mothers. After the reform, we observe that marginal part-time working mothers started taking parental leave, but up to 2018, the reform’s outreach to marginal part-time working fathers remained limited. We also find that foreign national parents are less likely to be eligible for parental leave and have lower take-up rates. Despite the gendered parental leave take-up behaviours in parallel with international evidence, marginal part-time working mothers’ positive response to the reform indicates progress towards strengthening women’s labour market attachment in Luxembourg.

scholarly journals The problem of defining the women’s status in sugar-refining industry: “woman” – “half-worker” – “worker” (on an example of sugar factories of Kyiv province, 1880s–1900s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Ihor Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Industrial Labor ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Male Part ◽  
Woman Working

This article regards the problem of defining the women’s status in the sugar-refining industry of the Russia Empire post-reform period. Based on the cases of sugar factories of Kyiv province during the 1880s–1905s, the author illustrates a complicated process of determining the role and the place of female laborers in the professional structure of industrial institutions which relate to this type of industry. Due to the fact that women had been recruited to unqualified parts of the working class (in the majority of cases), they remained at the bottom of the hierarchy of industrial labor. In contrast to men-laborers, who were distributed by the qualification parameter and professional skill (qualified/unqualified labor force), women-laborers were distributed by the gender parameter. Based on the archival materials of the factory inspection funds and in-factory documentation, it was found that working women were most often identified into the category “women” (“zhenschina”), less often as “part-time workers” (“polurabochaya”), and even less often as “workers” (“rabochaya”). It is possible to say that such division differed significantly from the distribution among the male part of the working class (“rabochiy/polurabo- chiy”). After all, a woman working in an industrial space was generally perceived not as a full-fledged unit of labor but as a supplement to qualified male labor. However, the model proposed by the author of this study: “woman” – “semi-worker” – “worker”, opened a different angle, according to which a woman’s professional position was not clearly fixed and could de facto change, regardless of the type of the performed work (qualified or unqualified). As a result, all these sources and evidence allow us to state that the period of industrialization and modernization provided for women (though not significant) a space for opportunities to realize their own work.

scholarly journals Part of Material Opression: A Study On Romanticism and Stigma of The Role of Housewives and Working Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Khoniq Nur Afiah ◽  
Rofah Rofah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Career Women ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p><em>This study aims to determine the romanticism of the mother's role and the stigma housewives, and working mothers receive. Romance towards the role of the mother often has an unfavorable impact on the mother's condition. Besides romance, stigma is also born and accepted by housewives and working mothers. The stigma continues and impacts the condition and vulnerability of a mother. This research is descriptive qualitative research and analyzed by feminist theory about mothers. The study results stated that the romanticism of the mother's role affected the workload received. This study opens a view about the need for efforts to solve the problem of romanticism in the role of mothers. It is necessary because it is helpful to prevent the occurrence of adverse effects on the condition of the mother's vulnerability. This study also found four stigmas received by working mothers and housewive such as Bachelors who only become full-time mothers, housewives: working spends husband's money, working mothers: never have time to educate children, working mothers: children are entrusted to grandmother, be a grandma's child, housewive are clumsy. Housewive enjoy life because they relax, career women like hanging out, and working mothers have minimal knowledge of kitchen and parenting matters. The two points above are important points that became the findings in this study. housewife: work spends husband's money, working mother: never has time to educate children, working mother: grandmother leaves children, be grandma's child, housewive are clumsy. Housewive enjoy life because they relax, career women like hanging out, and working mothers have minimal knowledge of kitchen and parenting matters. The two points above are important points that became the findings of this study.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan guna mengetahui romantisme peran ibu dan stigma yang diterima oleh ibu rumah tangga dan ibu bekerja. Romantisme terhadap peran ibu sering memberikan dampak yang kurang baik terhadap kondisi ibu. Selain romantisme, Stigma juga lahir dan diterima oleh ibu rumah tangga dan ibu yang bekerja. Stigma tersebut terus diproduksi dan memberikan dampak terhadap kondisi dan kerentanan seorang ibu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dan dianalisis dengan teori feminis tentang ibu. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa romantisme peran ibu memberikan efek terhadap beban kerja yang diterima. Penelitian ini membuka pandangan mengenai perlunya upaya-upaya yang bisa menyelesaikan persoalan mengenai romantisme terhadap peran ibu. Hal tersebut diperlukan, sebab berguna untuk menghambat terjadinya dampak buruk terhadap kondisi kerentanan ibu. Penelitian ini juga menemukan empat stigma yang diterima ibu bekerja dan ibu rumah tangga seperti:  Sarjana <em>kok </em>yang hanya menjadi <em>fulltime mom</em>, ibu rumah tangga: bekerja menghabiskan uang suami, ibu bekerja:  tidak pernah memiliki waktu untuk mendidik anak, ibu bekerja: anak dititipkan nenek, jadilah anak nenek, ibu rumah tangga itu kucel. Ibu rumah tangga enak hidupnya karena hanya santai-santai, wanita karir emang hobinya nongkrong, dan ibu bekerja memiliki pengetahuan yang minim terhadap urusan dapur dan pengasuhan. Dua poin diatas menjadi poin penting yang menjadi temuan dalam penelitian ini.</p>

scholarly journals Challenges Faced by Working Mothers in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Y. Sinan Zavalsız ◽  
Gülşah Göksu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Home Economics ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Good Wife

This research deals with the advantages and disadvantages of the women who started to work outside the home with the Industrial Revolution in addition to the housework they were responsible for in the traditional period. With industrialization, the employment rate of women who began to work to support their family financially, gain economic independence and self-confidence, and fulfill their education requirements has increased exponentially to date. The research emphasizes that working women are stuck between their roles in working life and home. Expectations are increasing from the women who have started to take part in working life, and different roles are expected from her such as being a good wife, a good mother, a good housewife as well as being a good worker. The reflection of these expectations in families constitutes this study's main subject. The study aims to reveal how women working reflect on themselves, their children, their spouses, and their home from the working women's perspective. This study has emerged by interviewing 25 working women residing in the province of Karabuk, Turkey with a qualitative research model. The conditions such as being married and having at least one child were mandatory while assigning the research group's persons. Also, attention has been paid to ensure that the subjects included in the study work in different professions. As a result of the study, women have generally highlighted negative aspects of their work. However, the working women feel good with her contribution to home economics, has a separate economic income, and offering a better life for her children. The study shows that, despite the difficulties in working life, women who receive support from their spouses maintain a happier marriage. In contrast, those who have weak bonds with their spouses become lonely at home. At the same time, some women try to carry out this process with psychological support.

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