scholarly journals BARK BEETLE SPECIES OF IPS GENUS POSING A THREAT TO RUSSIAN FORESTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
М.В. Воробьева ◽  
Н.П. Бунькова ◽  
П.Н. Сураев ◽  
И.А. Фефелова
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Russian Forests ◽  
The Russian Federation

На основе литературных материалов и результатов собственных исследований авторов проанализированы короеды рода Ips. Отмечается, что в мировой фауне зарегистрировано 37 видов коро- едов данного рода, в том числе восемь распространено на территории Российской Федерации. короеды данного рода повреждают флоэму и камбий, как правило, у ослабленных и отмирающих деревьев. Не- редко они заселяют поваленные ветром деревья и неокоренную лесопродукцию. В то же время в экстре- мальные по погодным условиям годы или после стихийных бедствий (засуха, штормовой ветер и др.) численность короедов резко возрастает, и они приводят к гибели не только отдельные жизнеспособные деревья, но и древостои. кроме того, короеды являются переносчиками спор грибов, приводящих к де- струкции древесины. В работе приведен перечень видов короедов рода Ips, дано описание биологии не- которых видов и рекомендации по недопущению их распространения за пределы естественного ареала. Ключевые слова: короеды, Ips, биологические особенности, виды, карантин, вредоносность. Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках темы FEUG – 2020 – 0013 «Экологические аспекты рационального природопользования». Bark beetles of the Ips genus were analyzed on the barks of literature materials and the results of the authors own research. It is noted that 37 species of bark beetles of this genus have been recorded in the wored fauna, including 8 common on the territory of the Russian Federation. Bark beetles of this genus damage their cambium, as a rule in weakened and dying trees. Often they inhabit trees felled by the wind and forest product uncovered with bark. However, in extreme weather years or after natural disasters (drought, storm, wind and other) number of bark beetles increases shar ply and they this results in the death not only individual viable trees, but also the whole stand. In addition, bark beetles are carriers of fungal spores, leading to the destruction of wood. The work provides a list of bark beetles species of Ips genus, the description of the biology of some species is given, as well as recommendations for preventing their spreading outside the natural range.

Natural Hazards Governance in Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Badina ◽  
Boris Porfiriev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation

A major implication of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 involved the radical transformation of the national security system. Its fundamentally militaristic paradigm focused on civil defense to prepare and protect communities against the strikes of conventional and nuclear warheads. It called for a more comprehensive and balanced civil protection policy oriented primarily to the communities’ and facilities’ preparedness and response to natural hazards impact and disasters. This change in policy was further catalyzed by the catastrophic results of the major disasters in the late 1980s, such as the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion of 1986 and the Armenian earthquake of 1988. As a result, in 1989, a specialized body was organized, the State Emergency Commission at the USSR Council of Ministers. A year later in the Russian Federation (at that time a part of the Soviet Union), an analogous commission was established. In 1991, it was reorganized into the State Committee for Civil Defense, Emergency Management, and Natural Disasters Response at the request of the president of the Russian Federation (EMERCOM). In 1994, this was replaced by the much more powerful Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Management, and Natural Disasters Response (which kept the abbreviation EMERCOM). In the early 21st century, this ministry is the key government body responsible for (a) development and implementation of the policy for civil defense and the regions’ protection from natural and technological hazards and disasters, and (b) leading and coordinating activities of the federal executive bodies in disaster policy areas within the Russian Federation’s Integrated State System for Emergency Prevention and Response (EPARIS). In addition, as well as in the former Soviet Union, the scientific and research organizations’ efforts to collect relevant data, monitor events, and conduct field and in-house studies to reduce the risk of disasters is crucially important. The nature of EPARIS is mainly a function of the geographic characteristics of the Russian Federation. These include the world’s largest national territory, which is vastly extended both longitudinally and latitudinally, a relatively populous Arctic region, large mountain systems, and other characteristics that create high diversity in the natural environment and combinations of natural hazards. Meanwhile, along with the natural conditions of significant size and a multiethnic composition of the population, distinctive features of a historical development path and institutional factors also contribute to diversity of settlement patterns, a high degree of economic development, and a level and quality of human life both within and between the regions of Russia. For instance, even within one of the region’s urbanized areas with a high-quality urban environment and developed socioeconomic institutions, neighboring communities exist with a traditional lifestyle and economic relations, primitive technological tools, and so on (e.g., indigenous small ethnic groups of the Russian North, Siberia, and the Far East). The massive spatial disparity of Russia creates different conditions for exposure and vulnerability of the regions to natural hazards’ impacts on communities and facilities, which has to be considered while preparing, responding to, and recovering from disasters. For this reason, EMERCOM’s organizational structure includes a central (federal) headquarters as well as Central, Northwestern, Siberian, Southern, and Moscow regional territorial branches and control centers for emergency management in all of the 85 administrative entities (subjects) of the Russian Federation. Specific features of both the EMERCOM territorial units and ministries and EPARIS as a whole coping with disasters are considered using the 2013 catastrophic flood in the Amur River basin in the Far East of Russia as a case study.

PHEROMONES IN IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): OCCURRENCE AND PRODUCTION

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1967-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Vité ◽  
A. Bakke ◽  
J. A. A. Renwick
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Host Material ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
Contact Pheromones ◽  
Functional Types ◽  
Feeding Aggregation

AbstractComparative gas chromatographic analyses of volatiles generated by Ips indicate the presence of cis- and trans-verbenol in hindguts of the 12 species investigated. The biosynthesis of verbenol does not require feeding, but instead results from the insect’s contact with oleoresin. Ipsdienol is the most frequently occurring pheromone in Ips species after feeding. Aggregation of these bark beetles appears to be regulated by two distinct functional types of pheromones, i.e. contact pheromones, produced and/or released upon contact with new host material, and frass pheromones, which require actual feeding in the new host’s tissues. The aggregation of aggressive bark beetle species seems to be largely dependent on contact pheromones, whereas the host’s susceptibility to feeding is indicated by the release of frass pheromones.

scholarly journals Country Checklist of Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) for Europe, with Focus on R. Batava and Its Recent Range Expansion

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturs Stalažs ◽  
Maksims Balalaikins
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
European Part ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract This work is intended as a country checklist of fruit flies Rhagoletis Loew, 1862 for Europe (including transcontinental countries - Kazakhstan and Turkey), based on recent records, wherein we recognise 15 Rhagoletis species, including five species occurring in the Asian part of Kazakhstan. During the past 10-15 years, three species, Rhagoletis batava Hering, 1958, R. cingulata (Loew, 1862), and R. completa Cresson, 1929, have rapidly expanded their distribution range in Europe. We traced the potential route of an aggressive R. batava population movement into Europe, and it is postulated that this R. batava race originated from Siberia. R. batava was initially documented outside its natural range in 2001 in the European part of the Russian Federation. Later, this species was recorded in other territories to the west of Russia - Belarus (2010), Latvia (2011), Lithuania (2012), Germany (2013), and Poland (2014). In Germany and Poland, R. batava probably has both native and alien status.

scholarly journals The use of telemedicine in the organization and provision of medical care to patients in critical conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-231
Author(s):  
S F Goncharov ◽  
A Yu Fisun ◽  
A V Schegolev ◽  
N N Baranova ◽  
I P Shilkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Civil Defence

Organizational issues of the interdepartmental application of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care to patients are considered. The most significant provisions of the concept of interdepartmental application of telemedicine technologies in the organization and provision of medical care to patients in critical conditions are presented. In addition, data on telemedicine consultations on federal districts of the Russian Federation performed by the federal level of health care in 2017 are shown, the frequency of emergency telemedicine consultations is revealed depending on the disease profile of patients or the specialty of a consulting physician. Prospects for the further introduction of telemedicine technologies into daily practical activities and the possibility of their adaptation to crisis situations and military conflicts are substantiated. It has been established that in various natural disasters, accidents, catastrophes, terrorist acts and during military conflicts with a large number of victims, successful organization of medical care and medical evacuation is possible only when combined with the efforts of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of internal affairs and the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters. Thus, the adequate development of telemedicine systems will increase the level of their rational and effective interdepartmental use for the benefit of saving people as Russia’s human capital.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Eight Mitogenomes of Bark Beetles and Their Phylogenetic Implications

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Huicong Du ◽  
Jiaxing Fang ◽  
Xia Shi ◽  
Sufang Zhang ◽  
Fu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

Many bark beetles of the subfamily Scolytinae are the most economically important insect pests of coniferous forests worldwide. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of eight bark beetle species, including Dendroctonus micans, Orthotomicus erosus, Polygraphus poligraphus, Dryocoetes hectographus, Ips nitidus, Ips typographus, Ips subelongatus, and Ips hauseri, to examine their structural characteristics and determine their phylogenetic relationships. We also used previously published mitochondrial genome sequence data from other Scolytinae species to identify and localize the eight species studied within the bark beetle phylogeny. Their gene arrangement matched the presumed ancestral pattern of these bark beetles. Start and stop codon usage, amino acid abundance, and the relative codon usage frequencies were conserved among bark beetles. Genetic distances between species ranged from 0.037 to 0.418, and evolutionary rates of protein-coding genes ranged from 0.07 for COI to 0.69 for ND2. Our results shed light on the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of several bark beetles in the subfamily Scolytinae and highlight the need for further sequencing analyses and taxonomic revisions in additional bark beetle species.

scholarly journals Bark beetle associated trematurid mites (Acari: Uropodina: Trematuridae) from Asian Russia with description of a new species

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1592-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeno Kontschán ◽  
Gábor Szőcs ◽  
Balázs Kiss ◽  
Alexander A. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Polygraphus Proximus ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Different Parts

A new Oodinychus Berlese, 1917 species, O. scolytana sp. nov., was discovered and described from the galleries of bark beetles Polygraphus proximus Blandford from two different parts of Asian Russia. New associations are given for the trematurid mites and bark beetle species. Three bark beetle associated species from the Trichouropoda ovalis-group are moved into the genus Oodinychus as O. hirsuta (Hirschmann, 1972) comb. nov., O. rafalski (Wiśniewski & Hirschmann, 1984) comb. nov. and O. wilkinsoni (Hirschmann &Wiśniewski, 1986) comb. nov. Also, Oodinychus egypticus Abo-Shnaf, El-Bishlawy & Allam, 2018 is transferred to the genus Nenteria Oudemans, 1915.

Mapping nature management risk in the Russian Federation Districts

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
S.B. Kuzmin ◽  
D.A. Lopatkin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Russian Federation

The authors present a method of assessing the risk of nature management and its mapping in the Russian Federation constituent entities and those of the Siberian Federal District. The assessments were carried out for a comprehensive analysis of the Russian Federation Districts as a single administrative-territorial entity according to their own established factors of environmentally dangerous processes and the parameters of protection against natural disasters. The risk of nature management equally depends on both the type of the danger and the protection against natural disasters, in other words – on both the natural and socio-economic situation in the Russian Federation Districts. In many cases, the indicator of protection against natural disasters plays even a leading part, since its assessment includes current socio-economic characteristics that determine the real ability of management structures to predict and deal with the consequences of natural disasters, as well as psychological indicators, i.e. the will and sequence of the managers’ actions in making specific resolutions on environmental management under risky conditions.

Saproxylic community, guild and species responses to varying pheromone components of a pine bark beetle

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Etxebeste ◽  
José L. Lencina ◽  
Juan Pajares
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Saproxylic Beetle ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Associated Species

AbstractSome bark beetle species (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) produce aggregation pheromones that allow coordinated attack on their conifer hosts. As a new saproxylic habitat is founded, an assemblage of associated beetles kairomonally respond to bark beetle infochemicals. Ips sexdentatus is one of the major damaging insects of Pinus spp. in Southern Europe. Its response to varying ipsenol (Ie) percentages in relation to ipsdienol (Id) was studied in northwestern Spain, along with the entire saproxylic beetle assemblage captured at multiple-funnel traps. Response profile modeling was undertaken for I.sexdentatus sexes and sex-ratios, associated species and for selected trophic groups using a reference Gaussian model. In addition, the effects on the saproxylic assemblages were analyzed. I. sexdentatus response curve peaked at 22.7% Ie content, while remaining taxa that could be modeled, peaked above ca. 40% Ie. Predator guilds showed a linear relationship with Ie proportion, while competitors showed a delayed response peak. Consequently, species assemblages differed markedly between varying pheromone component mixtures. Given that the evaluated pheromonal proportions mimicked that of logs being colonized by I. sexdentatus, results suggested that the registered differential responses at different levels might provide I.sexdentatus with a temporal window that maximizes conspecific attraction while reducing interference with competitor and predatory guilds. Described responses might help improve the monitoring of the population status of target bark beetles and their associates, but also point toward the by-catch of many natural enemies, as well as rare saproxylic beetle species, interfering with the aims of sustainable forest management.

scholarly journals Estimating the abundance of the typographer bark beetle in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00138
Author(s):  
Aigul Mukhametshina ◽  
Haris Musin ◽  
Insaf Taziev ◽  
Renat Gafiatov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peak Number ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A Site ◽  
Forest Diseases

The article provides an estimation of abundance the typographer bark beetle using barrier traps in the spruce forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. For the last 10 years, there has been the shrinkage of spruce forests throughout the Russian Federation due to adverse factors, primarily the weather. In the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main reasons for the unsatisfactory condition of forest stands are forest diseases – 20,276.7 ha and weather conditions – 16,824.1 ha, corresponding to 51.7% and 42.9% of the area of all plantations with disrupted and lost stability. The research studies were carried out in the “Sabinskiy Forestry Enterprise” and “Lubyankskiy Forestry Enterprise” of the Republic of Tatarstan. According to our observations for the whole growing season, the largest number of beetles is concentrated on a site of pure plantings at the age of 40 years and is estimated at 1,645 pcs. On all three sites, the peak number of beetles takes place on July 5, 2019 corresponding to 3,684 pcs. In 2019, there was damping of some foci of this pest on 330.1 ha. At the same time, the new foci were identified, which accounted for 9.5% of the total area of bark beetle foci. As a result, at the end of 2019, the total area of foci of this pest in the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan was 1,018.9 ha, which is 28% less than the same indicator last year.

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