scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GROWING GUINEA FOWLS (NUMIDA MELEAGRIS) TO DIETARY L-LYSINE SUPPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
T. OGUNTONA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Protein Diets

In two experiments, the performance of growing (day 1-6 weeks) guinea fowls, given 20 and 22.5% dietary protein supplemented with graded levels of lysine, was compared with control (25% protein birds). Weight gain, feed conversion and nitrogen retention were significantly (P.05) better in the control than other treatments at both 4 and 6 weeks of age. There was no growth response to 0.05% lysine supplementation in any of the diets. Supplementation of the 20% protein diets with 0.5% lysine produced significant (P.05) weight gains at both 4 and 6 weeks of age. However, supplementation of 22.5% protein diet with 0.5% lysine produced significant (P.05) weight gains, only, at 6 weeks. Best performances were obtained when total dietary lysine level was between 1.6% and 1.8% of the diet.

Corrigendum to: IGF-I is not a useful marker for nutritional status in the growing pig under commercial conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
L. Ma ◽  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
Y. M. Brockwell ◽  
R. L. Inglis ◽  
D. J. Kingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Protein Diets

Plasma hormone concentrations were measured in gilts after fasting, long-term protein restriction, or supplementation. In 11-week-old pigs fasted overnight, plasma insulin, glucagon, gastrin, urea, and glucose were increased 30 min after re-feeding (P < 0.05), whereas IGF-I did not change. In 16-week-old gilts fed a standard commercial diet [14.6% crude protein (CP)], or a high-protein diet (16.7% CP) for 4 weeks, the high-protein diet increased weight gain (13%; P < 0.05) and carcass weight (4%; P < 0.05), but did not alter plasma IGF-I, insulin, or glucagon. In 10-week-old gilts fed high-protein diets (19.4% and 18.3% CP), or low-protein diets (15.5% and 13.3% CP) for 12 weeks during the grower and finisher phases, respectively, the low-protein diet decreased weight gain (18%; P < 0.001) and carcass weight (11%; P < 0.01), with a marked increase in plasma glucagon (P < 0.05), no change in insulin, and only a trend towards decreased IGF-I (P = 0.1). The pigs were more sensitive to altered dietary protein at 10 weeks of age than at 16 weeks. Plasma IGF-I was not responsive to the short-term effects of feeding or the long-term effects of dietary protein. Glucagon could provide a useful marker for nutritional status in young pigs, provided that time of feeding is taken into account.

IGF-I is not a useful marker for nutritional status in the growing pig under commercial conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
L. Ma ◽  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
Y. M. Brockwell ◽  
R. L. Inglis ◽  
D. J. Kingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Protein Diets

Plasma hormone concentrations were measured in gilts after fasting, long-term protein restriction, or supplementation. In 11-week-old pigs fasted overnight, plasma insulin, glucagon, gastrin, urea, and glucose were increased 30 min after re-feeding (P < 0.05), whereas IGF-I did not change. In 16-week-old gilts fed a standard commercial diet [14.6% crude protein (CP)], or a high-protein diet (16.7% CP) for 4 weeks, the high-protein diet increased weight gain (13%; P < 0.05) and carcass weight (4%; P < 0.05), but did not alter plasma IGF-I, insulin, or glucagon. In 10-week-old gilts fed high-protein diets (19.4% and 18.3% CP), or low-protein diets (15.5% and 13.3% CP) for 12 weeks during the grower and finisher phases, respectively, the low-protein diet decreased weight gain (18%; P < 0.001) and carcass weight (11%; P < 0.01), with a marked increase in plasma glucagon (P < 0.05), no change in insulin, and only a trend towards decreased IGF-I (P = 0.1). The pigs were more sensitive to altered dietary protein at 10 weeks of age than at 16 weeks. Plasma IGF-I was not responsive to the short-term effects of feeding or the long-term effects of dietary protein. Glucagon could provide a useful marker for nutritional status in young pigs, provided that time of feeding is taken into account.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

EFFECTS OF GRADED DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON UREA RECYCLING IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
E. WELTZIEN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Protein Diets

The kinetics of urea recycling were determined in six female crossbred pigs utilizing a radioisotope dilution technique. The experimental animals were fed three times daily 500 g of a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 8.4, 15.8 or 24.7% crude protein. Nitrogen digestibility, urinary nitrogen excretion, total nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing dietary protein. Urea pool size, entry rate and excretion rate were also highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing protein intake. Expressed as a percentage of the total entry rate, a significantly higher percentage of urea was recycled in pigs fed the low protein diets compared with those fed a higher protein diet. Key words: Pig, urea, recycling, kinetics, protein

Dietary tyrosine supplementation enhances weight gain in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Theresa Glanville ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of dietary protein concentration and tyrosine supplementation on growth in streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip) diabetic rats was evaluated. When rats were fed diets ranging from 15 to 60% protein, weight gain and feed efficiency were greatest in rats fed the 45% protein diet. Adding tyrosine to this diet (8%, incorporated as a percentage of protein) did not promote further weight gain relative to nonsupplemented diabetic animals. In contrast, rats choosing 45% of total calories as protein by selecting from 10 and 60% protein diets supplemented with either 0, 4, or 8% tyrosine demonstrated a 35% (4% tyrosine) to 45% (8% tyrosine) increase in weight gain. Proximate analysis indicated similar body composition in tyrosine supplemented and nonsupplemented diabetic animals. Including tryptophan (1.45%) with tyrosine in the self-selection diet was without effect. Thus, tyrosine supplementation promoted a modest but consistent and specific increase in weight gained by self-selecting diabetic rats.

A note on the utilization of urea by Sudan desert sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
H. M. Hassan ◽  
A. M. S. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

SUMMARYSixty-four young male Sudan desert lambs were group-fed for 87 days on four diets, all containing approximately 10% crude protein. The four diets contained 0, 1·3, 1·7 and 2·7% urea, respectively.Average daily gains were 0·15, 0·14, 0·14 and 0·13 kg; feed conversion ratios (kg of feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight gain) were 7·26, 8·14, 8·92 and 7·92; dressing percentages were 43·6, 42·1, 44·1 and 42·3.Digestibility trials with lambs fed on diets with 0 or 2·7% urea gave higher digestibility coefficients for crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract for the urea-supplemented lambs. Crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention values were lower for urea-supplemented lambs.

The effect of hexoestrol on nitrogen retention of lambs and on ration digestibility

1958 ◽  
Vol 1958 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Preston ◽  
V. Rochanasaroj ◽  
Isoline Gee
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Subcutaneous Implantation ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Series Of Experiments

It is now widely accepted that the subcutaneous implantation of stilboestrol or hexoestrol increases the rate of live-weight gain in lambs and cattle. In sheep it is generally considered that for a feeding period of up to 12 weeks a single implantation of hormone produces an adequate growth response. Perry et al.(1951), Stephens & Thompson (1952) and Bell et al.(1954) reported no advantage from repeated implantations during the experimental period. In a series of experiments at this Institute (Preston & Gee, 1957a) it has been noticed that the major part of the increased weight gain takes place during the first six weeks after hexoestrol implantation.

scholarly journals Effect of Overeating Dietary Protein at Different Levels on Circulating Lipids and Liver Lipid: The PROOF Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3801
Author(s):  
George A. Bray ◽  
Leanne M. Redman ◽  
Jennifer Rood ◽  
Lilian de Jonge ◽  
Steven R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Background: During overeating, a low protein diet slowed the rate of weight gain and increased the energy cost of the added weight, suggesting that low protein diets reduced energy efficiency. The Protein Overfeeding (PROOF) study explored the metabolic changes to low and high protein diets, and this sub-study examined the changes in body composition and blood lipids when eating high and low protein diets during overeating. Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers (M = 14; F = 9) participated in an 8-week, parallel arm study where they were overfed by ~40% with diets containing 5% (LPD = low protein diet), 15% (NPD = normal protein diet), or 25% (HPD = high protein diet) protein. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computer tomography (CT) were used to quantify whole body and abdominal fat and intrahepatic lipid, respectively. Metabolites were measured by standard methods. Results: Protein intake and fat intake were inversely related since carbohydrate intake was fixed. Although overeating the LPD diet was associated with a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p < 0.001) and free fatty acids (p = 0.034), and a significant decrease in fat free mass (p < 0.0001) and liver density (p = 0.038), statistical models showed that dietary protein was the main contributor to changes in fat free mass (p = 0.0040), whereas dietary fat was the major predictor of changes in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.014), free fatty acids (p = 0.0016), and liver fat (p = 0.0007). Conclusions: During 8 weeks of overeating, the level of dietary protein intake was positively related to the change in fat free mass, but not to the change in HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acids, and liver fat which were, in contrast, related to the intake of dietary fat.

Sucrose-induced obesity: effect of diet on obesity and brown adipose tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. R158-R166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Kanarek ◽  
J. R. Aprille ◽  
E. Hirsch ◽  
L. Gualtiere ◽  
C. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed diets containing either 10, 20, or 40% protein for 56 days. Half of the rats in each dietary condition were given a 32% sucrose solution plus the standard diet and water. Sucrose intake varied directly as a function of dietary protein levels. Rats fed either the 10 or 20% protein diet and sucrose had higher caloric intakes, gained more weight, were more efficient at using calories for weight gain, and had more adipose tissue than rats given the same diet without sucrose. Rats fed the 40% protein diet and sucrose did not exhibit overeating, excess weight gain, or increased feed efficiency relative to animals fed the 40% diet alone. Animals given sucrose had more interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and a greater metabolic potential for thermogenesis in IBAT as determined by GDP binding in mitochondria than rats not fed sucrose. These results demonstrate that dietary protein is important in the development of sucrose-induced obesity and that increases in IBAT mass and activity can occur concomitant with increased feed efficiency.

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