Effect of replacing maize with sorghum, millet or 'acha' on the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler

Maize,which suppliesmost of the energy in poultry feeds, has low yields inNigeria and there is competition for the limited harvest of maize between industrial, livestock and human needs. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects on the growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens of replacing the high inputs grain,maize,with a low inputs grain, 'acha', or medium inputs grains, sorghum and millet. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets for both the starter and finisher phases were formulated with maize, sorghum, millet and 'acha' as the main source of energy and were used as treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively.Marshall broiler birds were brooded up to 2 weeks before the treatments were introduced that lasted six weeks.Up to 8 weeks of age, body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were recorded weekly. The results of the study show no significant differences (P>0.05) between the four treatments in final body weight and average daily gain but birds on treatment 4 ('acha') had significantly lower feed intake and superior feed conversion ratio than the other experimental diets. Itwas concluded thatmaize can be replaced with sorghum, millet and 'acha' without adverse effects on the performance of broiler chickens.

Download Full-text

Feed Intake, Body Weight, Average Daily Gain, Feed Conversion Ratio and Carcass Characteristics of Helmeted Guinea Fowl Fed Varying Levels of Phane Meal (Imbrasia belina) as Replacement of Fishmeal under Intensive System

International Journal of Poultry Science ◽

10.3923/ijps.2012.378.384 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 378-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Nobo ◽

J.C. Moreki ◽

S.J. Nsoso

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Imbrasia Belina ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Intensive System

Download Full-text

Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022091 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henning E. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Group 4 ◽

Second Period ◽

Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

Download Full-text

Effect of dietary supplementation of ginger on feed conversion ratio, carcass physiognomies and haematological parameters in broiler

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v4i3.35094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 173-179

Author(s):

Md Sadik Al Mahdy ◽

Md Faridul Islam ◽

Md Nakibul Hasan ◽

Ashadul Habib ◽

Mahmudul Hasan Sikder

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Final Body Weight

This study evaluated the effect of ginger on the growth performance, carcass quality of broiler chickens. A total of 40 broiler chickens were randomly selected into four groups identified as A (1% ginger extract), B (2% ginger extract), C (positive control) and D (negative control). All groups contain equal number of birds (n=10.) Birds were treated with aqueous ginger extract via drinking water. Significant variations (p<0.05) existed between the control and other treatments in mean final body weight, dressed weight, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of experiment (35th day) for 1% ginger extraction treatment the live body weight is 1745gm (p<0.05), dressing weight 1135.3 (p<0.05) and FCR is 1.66 (p<0.05). The usage of the test ingredients had a significant effect (p<0.05) on dressing percentage. Administration of ginger to broiler chickens increased their performance, FCR as well as blood parameters. It is, thus, recommended in broiler chicken production alternative to antibiotic and/or growth promoter.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 173-179, December 2017

Download Full-text

The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽

Jan-Philip Kriewitz ◽

Julia Hankel ◽

Bussarakam Chuppava ◽

Christine Ratert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Housing Systems ◽

Floor Heating

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed particle size and flooring designs on organ traits, performance and pododermatitis in broilers. A total of 480 broilers (Ross 308) of both sexes were randomly assigned to two feeding groups (finely or coarsely ground pelleted diets; with addition of 5% to 10% intact wheat in coarsely diets) and four different housing systems (litter; litter with floor heating; partially or fully slatted floor) with three subgroups each. A coarse diet increased the final gizzard and pancreas weights (p < 0.001) while decreasing the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to a fine diet (p < 0.001). Broilers fed a coarse diet displayed an increased final body weight (p = 0.023) and led to a favourable feed conversion ratio. Final body weight was the highest (p < 0.001) for birds housed on partially or fully slatted floor. Housing birds on litter with floor heating showed the lowest pododermatitis scoring (p < 0.001). It seems to be favourable to use coarse diets for organ development, whereas slatted floors seem to foster enlargement of the Isthmus gastrici. Increasing growth performance was possible both when using coarse diets or slatted floors.

Download Full-text

Effect of different litter treatments on production performance of broiler chickens

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1304625b ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 625-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Bjedov ◽

D. Zikic ◽

L. Peric ◽

M. Djukic-Stojcic ◽

N. Milosevic

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Production Performance ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Microbial Products ◽

Foot Pad

In modern poultry production, foot pad dermatitis (FPD) represents one of the main problems on broiler chicken legs with significant affect on animal welfare and performance. This problem is not solved by the using of straw as litter. Different treatments of straw are needed to eliminate the adverse effects of this material as litter. The most widely used method to improve the quality of litter is chopping straw and application of microbial products on that. These procedures can decrease the moisture in the litter and reduce the population of microorganisms whose activity produces ammonia, and hence improving environmental conditions in facilities. The experiment involved four treatments with four replications with a total of 300 broilers per treatment. The treatment I was unchopped straw, treatment II was chopped straw, treatment III unchopped straw with the addition of microbial products, and treatment IV was chopped straw with the addition of microbial preparation. Duration of trial was 42 days. During the experiment, the following production parameters were measured: body weight per week of the experiment, feed conversion ratio, mortality and FPD. Results of the trial point out that the best production results were in treatment IV with an average final body weight of 2.456g and feed conversion ratio of 1.71.

Download Full-text

Performance, Carcass Percentage, and Production Cost for Awassi Lambs Fed High Energy Diet for Short Fattening Period

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n9p108 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Mysaa Ata ◽

Fatima Al-Lataifeh ◽

Mohammad Altarawneh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

High Energy ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Low Energy ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Low Energy Diet ◽

Awassi Lambs

An experiment was conducted to indicate the effect of feeding high energy diet for 45 days on male and female Awassi lambs’ performance, carcass percentage, and cost of production. A total of twenty four Awassi lambs (12 males, and 12 females) averaging 18.2±0.70 kg body weight were used. Lambs were assigned randomly to two different groups (groups A and B); each group had twelve lambs (6 males and 6 females) and fed two different diets (low energy diet and high energy diet). Feed intake, total gain, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio was calculated and body measurements (height and length) were recorded. Lambs were slaughtered at the end of experiment, to evaluate carcass percentage. Cost of production was calculated based on ingredients’ price at the time of the experiment. Final body weight, weight gain, and average daily gain were greater (p < 0.05); while feed conversion ratio was lower (p < 0.05) for lambs fed high energy diet than lambs fed low energy diet. Body length differences measured to be greater (p < 0.05) for male lambs fed high energy diet than other lambs. Fasted weight, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage were higher (p < 0.05) for lambs fed the high energy diet. Cost of gain was lower (p < 0.05) for lambs in group B compared to lambs in group A. Therefore, the economical efficiency in this experiment was greater for lambs fed high energy diet than lambs fed the control diet during 45 days fattening period.

Download Full-text

Nutritional utilization of baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaf meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens in Sudan savannah of Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v47i3.157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 202-211

Author(s):

A. A. Wudil ◽

M. S. Tamburawa ◽

A. M. Hassan ◽

Z. Abubakar ◽

M. Nasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Feed Cost

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary utilization of baobab leaf meal (BLM) on performance, carcass characteristics and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. Two hundred and twenty-five (225), one day old broiler chickens (Marshall Breed) were used for the study. Five diets were formulated containing baobab leaf meal (BLM) at dietary levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Chicks were randomly allotted to treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated three times consisting of 45 broiler chickens with 15 chicks per replication. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. Sample of BLM, experimental diet and faeces were analyzed for proximate compositions. Similarly, levels of anti-nutritional factors in BLM were also evaluated. The results at starter phase showed that the final body weight, daily weight gain and total weight gain were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at 7.5% BLM diet compared to other treatments. The feed conversion ratio (3.30) and feed cost in naira per Kg gain (N257) were significantly (P< 0.05) better at 7.5% BLM diet compared to others. The same trend was observed at finisher phase in the final body weight (2147.80g) and daily weight gain (52.39g). Similarly, feed conversion ratio (3.14) and feed cost in naira per Kg gain (N289.89) were significantly (P< 0.05) better at 7.5% BLM diet compared to other treatments. The results for carcass analysis showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in final live weight (2.15 Kg) as broiler chickens fed 7.5% BLM diet had significantly (P< 0.05) highest values of carcass weight (1.52 Kg) and dressing percentage (72.04%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in thigh muscle, back and small intestinal weights in which 7.5% BLM diet had the highest values across the treatments. Most of the organs weights were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by BLM inclusion with exception of crop and proventriculus. Therefore, it was concluded that BLM can be incorporated in the diet of broiler chickens up to 7.5% level without any adverse effect on the performance, carcass yield with concomitant reduction in the cost of production

Download Full-text

Body weight and carcass characteristics of broilers fed different mixtures of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) in diets

Journal of Agriculture Forestry and the Social Sciences ◽

10.4314/joafss.v11i2.11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

AYP Ojelade ◽

AW Lamidi ◽

FP Agbaye ◽

JI Umoru ◽

AS Ajibade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight

Body weight and carcass characteristics of broilers was investigated in a feeding experiment using 135 broilers of Abor acre strain in a completely randomised design that lasted for eight weeks at the Teaching and Research farm, Department of Agricultural education, Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka Lagos Nigeria. The birds were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments of 45 chicks per treatment. Each treatment was replicated three times (15 chicks per replicate). Three isocaloric (2713.41 and 2918.76 Kcal/kg starter and finisher diets respectively) and isonitrogenous (Starter 24%CP and Finisher 20.37%) diets were formulated. The control diet was without mixture of ginger and garlic. The two other diets were T1:7.5g Ginger plus 7.5g Garlic mixture/25kg diet and T2: 15g Ginger plus 15g Garlic mixture/25kg diet. The experimental diets (starter and finisher diets) were offered to the respective bids with water ad libitum. The body weight gain (Kg) of birds fed control, T1 and T2:1.85, 1.90 and 1.74 respectively were not significantly different (p > 0.05).The feed intake (kg); 4.77, 4.22 and 4.02; and feed conversion ratio: 2.70; 2.22 and 2.31 for birds on control, T1 and T2 respectively were not different (p > 0.05) too. Birds on diet T2 recorded the highest liveability percentage (96%). Mixtures of ginger and garlic in ratio 1.1 up to 7.5g each in 25kg diets slightly increased final body weight gain and liveability; improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), reduced feed intake and dressed carcass percentage significantly (p<0.05) reduced weight of internal organs like liver, heart, kidney and gizzard. The increased final body weight gain and liveability as well as improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds could possibly be due to improvement in feed digestion, additive advantage of nutrients and the anti-microbial property of the mixtures of ginger and garlic in the diets. While the reduced feed intake and dressed carcass percentage may be responsible for by the high fiber content, and some anti-nutritional factors in the ginger and garlic mixtures.Keywords: body weight, carcass characteristics, broiler chicken, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale

Download Full-text

Pemberian Tepung Singkong yang Ditambahkan Isoamilase dalam Pakan terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler

Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan ◽

10.29244/jintp.19.1.1-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mardiah Rahmadani ◽

W Hermana ◽

Nahrowi Nahrowi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Cassava Flour ◽

Randomized Design

Cassava has the potential use to replace corn as an energy source in poultry feed.However, the level of substitution is not optimal because of the difference ratio ofamylose and amylopectin in maize and cassava. This study aimed to examine the effectof cassava flour with addition of isoamylase as a corn substitute in the ration on theperformance of broilers. The material used in this study was 150 male day-old chickenbroiler which were randomly divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications. Thetreatments were P0: 50% corn in the ration (control); P1: Substitution of 50% of cornby cassava flour; P2: Substitution of 50% of corn by cassava flour which contained0.14% isoamylase. The variables measured were feed intake, body weight, weight gain,feed conversion ratio, income over feed and chick cost and mortality rate. Data from thecomplete randomized design were analyzed using Analysis of Variance, the significantresults between the treatments were obtained by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Theresults showed that the substitution of corn by cassava flour without and with 0.14%isoamylase was not significantly affect final body weight, body weight gain, feed intakeand feed conversion ratio. The most profitable Income over feed cost obtained was thetreatment of P2 that is Rp 6,543.50. It can be concluded that the corn substitution bycassava flour without and with addition of 0.14% isoamylase was able to produce thesame performance as broiler chickens fed with corn in the ration for five weeks of thestudy. Key words: broiler, isoamylase, cassava flour, performance

Download Full-text