scholarly journals Evaluation of the ultradiluted medication MPD 30 CH in the offspring of mice mothers treated with methylphenidate during lactation.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Cideli de Paula Coelho ◽  
Bruna Oliveira ◽  
Larissa Cristina Ares Silveira da Motta ◽  
Amanda Sousa ◽  
Maria Martha Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Lower Mobility ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Anxious Behavior ◽  
Maternal Tolerance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dark Transition

Background: Methylphenidate (MPD) is a non-stimulating amphetamine that has being used for some time in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and, in adequate doses, it promotes the remission of symptoms and the improvement of important aspects, as social interaction and academic performance1, in patients with ADHD. Literature data indicates that MPD attenuates maternal behavior in mices2. According to this line of study, the work “Repeated methylphenidate administration during lactation reduces maternal behavior, induces maternal tolerance, and increases anxiety-like behavior in pups in adulthood”3 was carried out and confirmed that MPD administration during early lactation disrupts maternal behavior and causes anxiety in pups in adulthood. Would it be possible that ultradiluted and dynamized MPD change pups’ behavior? Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate how the ultradiluted drug may or may not change the behavior of the animals at issue. Material and Methods: The medication was prepared according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia, in the 30 CH dilution. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of the Paulista University (No. 256/14 CEP / ICS / UNIP). Animals in this study were the same of the study above mentioned, and already published. Adult male mice were grouped among 13 animals of the experimental group (adults, offspring of mothers that received MPD during pregnancy) and 9 animals from the mother-control group, which did not take MPD during pregnancy. The 22 animals took ultradiluted MPD 30 CH medication in their drinking water ad libitum, for 20 days. In each water drinker, 5 drops of medication were added and stirred. Behavioral tests, such as the Open Field and the Light Dark Transition Test for mice, were performed. Data was analyzed statistically by the Student's T-Test to compare parametric data from two groups and the Mann-Whitney Test for nonparametric data, where p ≤ 0.05 is considered significant. Results and Discussion: In the Open Field Test, from the group of mothers medicated with methylphenidate during pregnancy, before the medication MPD 30 CH, animals showed a lower mobility and a greater immobility (p≤ 0.05) compared to the control-animals; after medication with the MPD 30 CH, animals exhibited an increase in mobility and a decrease in immobility, leading to no statistical difference between the medication group and the control group. In the Light Dark Transition Test for mice, experimental animals spent more time in the dark box and exhibited a decrease of the Rearing, presenting an anxious behavior; after the MPD medication, there were no more differences between experimental and control groups. Indiscriminate use of amphetamines has increased in recent years and this use, when not monitored, can cause serious adverse effects4. In this sense, ultradiluted medication can collaborate with the remission of possible undesirable effects. Conclusion: Initially, the MPD 30 CH changed the behavior shown by animals born from mothers that took methylphenidate during lactation and presented an anxious behavior as an unexpected effect. The mice that took the MPD 30 CH did not present the anxious behavior. Other experiments should be conducted to confirm the results of this study.

scholarly journals Testicular and seminal evaluation of goats fed hay Cenostigma pyramidale

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 963-969
Author(s):  
Maria V.B. Santos ◽  
Ana K.S. Cavalcante ◽  
Juliana T.S.A. Macêdo ◽  
Marilúcia C. Santos ◽  
Laiara F. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Student’S T

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the possible occurrence of reproductive changes in male goats associated with ingestion of Cenostigma pyramidale hay. Sixteen animals divided into two experimental groups, G1 and G2 (control group) were used. Animals in G1 received 2% of forage, based on live weight (LW), composed of 100% of C. pyramidale, and animals in G2 received 2% of Panicum maximum “Massai’ grass hay, based on LW. Both groups received 1% of concentrated feed supplementation based on LW, along with mineralized salt and water ad libitum. The goats were subjected to weighing, testicular biometry, and semen and blood collection every 30 days. After 120 days, the animals were castrated and their testes were collected. Testicular measurements were performed and fragments were collected for histological processing to determine the gonadosomatic index (GSI), diameter of the seminiferous tubules, height of the germinal epithelium (HGE), volumetric proportion and volume of the testicular parenchyma components, total length of the seminiferous tubules, length of the seminiferous tubules per gram of testis, and leydigosomatic and tubulosomatic indexes. The data were evaluated for normality using the Student’s t-test. Data with normal distribution were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the non-parametric data were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, both at 5% probability. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for GSI (G1=0.48 ±0.08 and G2=0.34 ±0.09) and HGE (G1=52.95 ±2.99 and G2=.47.63 ±2.67) between treatments. Consumption of C. pyramidale hay increased LW and, consequently, testicular weight, contributing to high GSI. In conclusion, ingestion of C. pyramidale has no toxic effect on the testicular, seminal and histological parameters of goat testis. Due to its nutritional characteristics, consumption of this plant improves animal body development. Because C. pyramidale is adapted to semi-arid regions, it can be an alternative source of feed for goats during periods of shortage.

scholarly journals Influence of long term stress exposure on somatisation symptoms outcome

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Sabaheta Hasić ◽  
Emina Kiseljaković ◽  
Radivoj Jadrić ◽  
Belma Zečević ◽  
Nešina Avdagić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
War Stress ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control

Long term stress exposure results in somatisation symptoms appearance. Cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and muscle-bone symptoms arise because of intensified activity of autonomic nervous system caused by chronic stress. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between long term war stress exposure and appearance of somatisation. 40 students of health-care faculties in Sarajevo, of both sexes, were included in investigation and divided in two groups-somatisation and control. Somatisation group subjects (N=20) lived in B&H under war conditions, from 1992-1995. Control subjects (N=20) spent the same period outside B&H. For evaluation of somatisation symptoms we used SCL-90-R test. The obtained data were statistically evaluated using Student’s t-test and χ2 test. Confidence level was set at ρ < 0,05. Our results showed statistically significant difference in somatisation level between somatisation and control subjects group. Different intensity of appearance of certain symptoms in male and female was established. The score of somatisation dimension between somatisation and control group showed statistically significant level (p < 0,0001). Study results confirmed correlation of chronic stress exposure (living in war environment) and somatisation symptom appearance. Individual organic systems had various level of symptom expression. The influence of sex on intensity of individual symptoms of somatisation is possible.

scholarly journals Assessment and comparison of the effects of two techniques on hamstring flexibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-589
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tavella Navega ◽  
Bruna Paleari ◽  
Mary Hellen Morcelli
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
Hamstring Flexibility ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control

Introduction There are several stretching techniques that help increase flexibility, however, there are still questions regarding which method leads to the most effective gains. Objectives To assess and compare the effects of two stretching techniques, namely proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and static stretching on the flexibility of hamstring muscles of young women. Methods The study sample consisted of 45 young women, mean age 20.45 (± 1.66),assigned to one of three groups: static stretching group (SSG, n = 15), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation group (PNFG, n = 15) and control group (CG, n = 15). Both SSG and PNFG carried out three weekly stretching sessions over a four-week period. The sit and reach and popliteal angle tests were used at the beginning and end of the intervention. Normally distributed data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, whereas data with non-normal distribution were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, to compare initial and end measurements for each technique. Finally, we used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare both techniques with each other. A significance level of 5% (p < 0.05) was adopted. Results There was a significant increase in hamstring flexibility when analyzing the assessments and reassessments of both stretching protocols. Conclusions Both techniques were effective in increasing hamstring flexibility and there were no significant differences to indicate which one is better in increasing the flexibility of this muscle group.

scholarly journals The effect of maternal hypercholesterolemia on the placenta and fetal arteries in rabbits

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elemara Frantz ◽  
Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽  
Kellyn Cristine Lange ◽  
Milena Pacheco Abegg ◽  
Cora Albrecht Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Maternal Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control

PURPOSE: To investigate the degree of placental permeability in dyslipidemic rabbits and the consequent vascular dysfunction in fetuses of female rabbits with high lipoprotein levels. METHODS: Fifteen adult females New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups. Group 1(n=5) - hypercholesterolemic diet with 0.5% cholesterol, and Group 2 (n=10) - control. On day 30, the levels of plasma lipoproteins and triglycerides were analyzed in the mothers, and the presence of collagen was analyzed in the placenta as well as in fetal coronary and aorta. Statistical analyses used the Student's t and the Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Lipoprotein levels were significantly different (p=0.02 to p<0.001) in experimental and control groups. In the hypercholesterolemic group, total cholesterol levels were in average 793mg/dl; triglycerides were in average 257mg/dl; HDL-C was 48mg/dl, and LDL-C was in average 692mg/dl. The amount of collagen per micrometers square (mµ²) in samples from hypercholesterolemic animals was significantly higher than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed placental permeability to lipoproteins, shown by increased amounts of collagen in fetal tissues. This alteration results in increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis in adult life, representing a risk factor for the early development of disease, which may appear even in the prenatal period.

scholarly journals Periodontal evaluation of palatally impacted maxillary canines treated by closed approach with ultrasonic surgery and orthodontic treatment: a retrospective pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Grenga ◽  
Rosanna Guarnieri ◽  
Vittorio Grenga ◽  
Mauro Bovi ◽  
Serena Bertoldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Closed Approach ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control ◽  
Student’S T Test

AbstractAim of this study is the evaluation of the periodontal status of impacted canines treated by closed approach with ultrasonic surgery and orthodontic treatment compared with contralateral spontaneously erupted teeth. The periodontal conditions of the teeth adjacent to the canines (lateral incisors and first premolar) were also considered. 17 patients (9 females and 8 males; mean age: 15.2 years) with unilateral palatal impaction of maxillary canine were selected. All patients were treated by closed-flap surgery with ultrasonic instruments. Periodontal status was evaluated by assessing probing depth (PD), gingival recession and width of keratinized tissue (KT) 4.6 months after the end of the orthodontic treatment, on average. Test group was composed by impacted elements and adjacent teeth and control group by contralateral spontaneously erupted canines and adjacent teeth. Student's t-test was used to compare test and control group values of PD and width of KT. Significance threshold for Student's t-test was set at p < 0.05. The average probing depth values show no significant clinical differences between the test and control groups. Probing depths recorded at the mesiovestibular and distopalatal sides of the impacted canine were statistically significant compared to the control elements (p < 0.05). No gingival recession was detected on the treated canines. The measurement of KT did not differ significantly between the test and the control groups. In conclusion, the ultrasonic surgery for disinclusion associated with a closed approach and orthodontic traction allows the alignment of an impacted palatal canine without damaging the periodontium.

scholarly journals Acute effect of cola and caffeine on locomotor activity in drosophila and rat

2021 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
K Kmeťová ◽  
M Marônek ◽  
V Borbélyová ◽  
J Hodosy ◽  
P Celec
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Control

Caffeine is well known for reducing fatigue and its effect on behavior is widely studied. Usually, caffeine is not ingested in its pure form but rather in sugar-sweetened beverages such as cola. Our aim was to compare the acute effect of cola and caffeine on locomotor activity. Rats and flies ingested cola or caffeine solution for 24 hours. The open field test revealed higher locomotor activity in cola groups for both flies and rats. Surprisingly, no differences have been observed between caffeine and control group. We conclude that caffeine itself does not explain the effect of cola on locomotor activity. Effect of cola cannot be generalized and interpreted for any caffeinated drink with other contents. Rather, the observed effect on locomotor activity may be caused by interaction of caffeine with other substances present in cola.

scholarly journals EXPOSIÇÃO PÓS-NATAL ÀPOLUENTES DO AR (MP≤2,5) COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPORTAMENTOS DE DEPRESSÃO E ANSIEDADE: UM ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Carla de Oliveira Carletti ◽  
Rodrigo Correia Santos ◽  
Luis Fernando Sierra de Araújo ◽  
Murilo Américo de Paiva Santos ◽  
Mariana Matera Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atmospheric Particle ◽  
And Control

The purpose of thestudy was to evaluate the behavioral changes of male and female adultrats exposed to fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM≤2,5) suspended in air pollution during development. Wistar rats aged 7 postnataldayswere exposed to the chamber of an atmospheric particle concentrator. Open field tests and sucrose preference tests were performed to assess the presence of anxiety and depression behaviors. Male rats from the pollution group showed reduced locomotor activity and length of stay in the open field center when compared to the control group. The sucrose preference test showed statistical significance between the pollution and control groups(male+female), and among the males of the pollution and control group.The study concluded thatexposure to PM≤2.5 causes behavioral changes characteristic of depression and anxietyin adult male rats exposed during the developmental period.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Computer Simulation on Students’ Performance in Teaching and Learning Physics: Are There Any Gender and Area Gaps?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mhamed Ben Ouahi ◽  
Mohamed Ait Hou ◽  
Abdesselam Bliya ◽  
Taoufik Hassouni ◽  
El Mehdi Al Ibrahmi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using computer simulation on students’ performance in teaching and learning physical science, particularly the electrical Ohm’s law. A sample of 182 students classified into two groups–experimental (92) and control (90)–from two middle schools in Meknes city (one in the rural area and the other urban area) was the subject of a pretest and posttest evaluation. The outcomes of the administered test to both groups of students, control and experimental, were compared and analyzed using Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results obtained suggest that the experimental group register the best performances after the posttest than the control group ( p < 0.05 ). While no difference, in terms of performance, was signed according to gender in the experimental group ( p > 0.05 ), the urban students were more successful than the rural ones, with and without the use of simulations. In this respect, this study recommended using and practicing simulation software to improve and develop the performance of middle school students.

scholarly journals Executive Functions in Parkinson’s Disease

Psico-USF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449
Author(s):  
Tainá Rossi ◽  
Mariane Bernardi Trevisol ◽  
Daiane Santos de Oliveira ◽  
Daiana Meregalli Schütz ◽  
Manuela Polidoro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate executive functions (EFs) in older adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It was a cross-sectional and comparative study, composed of 62 participants divided into PD group (n = 31; M age = 75.26; SD age = 7.26) and control group (n = 31; M age = 74.03; SD age = 6.95), aged 61 to 93 years, recruited for convenience in 5 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The instruments used were a sociodemographic data questionnaire; MMSE; GDS-15; BIS-11; verbal fluency tasks (FAS and animals), DEX; WCST-64 and FDT. Descriptive analyzes and Student’s t and Chi-square tests were used. The PD group had a lower performance in the WCST-64 and FDT tests compared to controls, indicating worse performance in tasks that required reasoning, cognitive flexibility and processing speed, in addition, showed difficulties in performing tasks that require EF (DEX).

scholarly journals Development of Students' Pedagogical Abilities through Socio-Psychological Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Araily Shakirova ◽  
Galina Romanova ◽  
Svetlana Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Standard Devia ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Student’S T Test

The research is devoted to the study of the effect of socio-psychological training on the development of pedagogical abilities in rising teachers. The study involved 88 full-time five-year students of the Xxxx Academy (Moscow) and four-year students of Xxxx University (Taldykorgan). The goal was achieved based on a system of special tasks with the involvement of socio-psychological trainings. The experiment and research were carried out for 6 months. The standard devia-tion in the sample and the Student's t-test were studied for the experimental and control groups. The result of the post-test is the opposite; thus, the mean value of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group. The study re-vealed that there is a weak positive relationship between age and pedagogical abil-ities (r <0.2). The results of the study also indicate a positive correlation between gender and pedagogical abilities (r> 0.3). Thus, in accordance with the goal set, it was determined that socio-psychological training improves students' pedagogical abilities. The results of this study can be recommended to teachers of universities and training centers, as well as pedagogical students.

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