The Christian-Orthodox teaching about fasting in St. John Chrysostom’s work

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Vasile Miron
Keyword(s):  
Diet Change ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Sacrifice

Attempting to present the teaching of St. John Chrysostom about fasting, we must specify from the very beginning that this holy father does not ascribe the fasting a medical and culinary meaning, in the sense of diet change or variation of foods, but a spiritual meaning. In the spiritual sense, fasting is not a mere moral exercise of willpower and control of the physical passions and urges, but a freely accepted sacrifice out of love and respect to God. The man who loves God is happy to offer Him this sacrifice, which consists of renouncing food, drink and amusement, games, and, first and foremost sin. Such a believer does not darken his face but maintains his good mood, showing people the joy emerging from fasting, because naturally, anyone feels joy when he makes an act of charity and sacrifice for the person he loves, for God who is love (I John, IV, 16). And the sacrifice from love is discrete, it wants to remain unknown to others. This sacrifice for God is a fountain of indescribable gifts for each faster. Fasting is the abstinence of all urges, all senses, all physical impulses so that you can hear God, so you can feel God in your heart. This is fasting according to St. John Chrysostom: a process of purification of body and soul, so that God may dwell in our being. Fasting is the discipline that makes the life of Christ blossom within us.

scholarly journals Can diet change the diversity of ruminal bacterial species in beef cattle?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Silva Araujo de Melo ◽  
Luis Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Alinne Pereira de Castro ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Lactate Utilization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lactic Bacteria

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess the effects of diet on bacterial species in the solid fraction of the ruminal content using the gene sequences of the conserved 16S rDNA region steers fed one of the following diets: canola (C), cottonseed (A), sunflower (G), soybean (SO), corn silage (S) and control diet (PD). Canola, cottonseed, sunflower and soybean were fed as whole seeds. Six crossbred steers (Body weight = 416.33 ± 93.30 kg; mean ± SD), castrated male, and fitted with ruminal cannula were used. The experimental design was a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Results Cellulolytic bacteria were predominant for all diets, with 47.75% of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) in animals fed the cottonseed diet. Amylolytic bacteria were identified for all diets, representing 62.51% OTU in animals consuming the sunflower diet. Proteolytic bacteria were identified for all diets, corresponding to 65.96% OUT in animals fed the sunflower diet. Lactic bacteria were identified for all diets. Megasphaera elsdenii bacterium was identified for all diets, with a greater diversity of this bacterium in steers fed the control diet. This bacterium may reduce the availability of hydrogen in the rumen due to propionate production and lactate utilization. Conclusion Oilseed in the diet showed a similarity of bacteria species with 47.5% of changing of the ruminal flora.

Preventive Navigation

1950 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Satisfactory Solution ◽  
Navigation And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Sacrifice

The high concentration of aircraft near aerodromes, with consequent collision risk is well known. It is at present necessary, in poor visibility, to guarantee the indispensable commodity of safety by the sacrifice of schedule regularity and fuel economy. So long as this is the case, the problem of terminal navigation and control must be regarded as one still demanding a satisfactory solution.

scholarly journals Θεωρία in the Exegetical Works of St. John Chrysostom

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Борис Тимофеев
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Ancient Greek Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spiritual Exegesis ◽  
Interpretative Model

В современных научных исследованиях наблюдается тенденция сформировать единый словарь специальных экзегетических терминов и единую семантико-интерпретационную модель. Для определения методов толкования и смыслов Священного Писания нередко привлекаются греческие слова, заимствованные из античной греческой литературы, например: ἀλληγορία, ἀναγωγή, θεωρία. Полученная в результате модель часто применяется как шаблон для анализа и описания древних экзегетических памятников. При этом многие исследователи совершенно выпускают из вида узус самих древних экзегетов, что приводит к подмене понятий и искажению мысли древних авторов. Так в описании экзегетического метода свт. Иоанна Златоуста часто вводят термин «θεωρία», который обозначает одновременно и духовный смысл Писания и соответствующий метод его раскрытия. Златоуст действительно использует слово «θεωρία», однако при этом не подразумевает никакого специального технического определения метода или смысла духовной экзегезы. In modern scientific research, there is a tendency to form a single dictionary of special exegetical terms and a single semantic-interpretative model. Greek words borrowed from ancient Greek literature are often used to determine the methods of interpretation and the meanings of Scripture, for example: ἀλληγορία, ἀναγωγή, θεωρία. The resulting model is often used as a template for the analysis and description of ancient exegetical monuments. At the same time, many researchers completely disregard the ancient exegetes themselves, which leads to a substitution of concepts and distortion of the thoughts of ancient authors. So in the description of the exegetical method of St. John Chrysostom often coined the term «θεωρία», which designates both the spiritual meaning of Scripture and the corresponding method of its disclosure. St. John Chrysostom does use the word θεωρία, however, it does not imply any special technical definition of the method or the meaning of spiritual exegesis.

scholarly journals Czy dusza walczy z ciałem? Wybrane aspekty antropologii św. Jana Chryzostoma

Vox Patrum ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Piotr Szczur
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evil Spirit ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The Will

This article takes the theme of the fight of the soul with the body and presents selected items of anthropology of St. John Chrysostom. John Chrysostom examines the human situation after original sin in the eschatological aspect and indicates that the body is not the cause of evil, because sin is the consequence of free choice man. Then presents the relationship between the body and the soul, and stresses that the body is subordinate to the soul, to whom falls the responsibility for the deeds of the body. The soul is immortal by the will of God and his dignity tran­scends the body. The Preacher explains that the worldly biological life doesn’t mean real life. John Chrysostom in teaching on man understands the word „spirit” not as a living soul, that is to say, the spiritual element of the man, but as the „Holy Spirit”, of course, without the recognition of the role of anything of the soul. Con­sequently, the struggle between body and spirit means the fight between earthy concern resulting from the inappropriate desires of the soul caused by an evil spirit, and the Holy Spirit, who is the giver of life. This is not the ontological fight between body and soul, but the moral struggle of life and death. In this respect, John Chrysostom says, that the hostility of the soul to the body is simply hostility of evil to the virtues, which in fact means the fight between the living (which aims to virtue) and the dead (in the broad people’s iniquity) soul.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

Evidence for a Blood Ganglion Barrier in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of the Rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
D. M. DePace
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Superior Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Capillary Circulation ◽  
And Control

The majority of blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion possess a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. These same features have been associated with the blood brain barrier of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves. These vessels may perform a barrier function between the capillary circulation and the superior cervical ganglion. The permeability of the blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat was tested by intravenous injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Three experimental groups of four animals each were given intravenous HRP (Sigma Type II) in a dosage of.08 to.15 mg/gm body weight in.5 ml of.85% saline. The animals were sacrificed at five, ten or 15 minutes following administration of the tracer. Superior cervical ganglia were quickly removed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Sorenson's.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Three control animals received,5ml of saline without HRP. These were sacrificed on the same time schedule. Tissues from experimental and control animals were reacted for peroxidase activity and then processed for routine transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

X-Ray Replication of Submicrometer Linewidth Patterns

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 136-137
Author(s):  
Henry I. Smith ◽  
D.C. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Backscattering ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Cross Sectional Profile ◽  
Carbon Foils ◽  
Sectional Profile ◽  
And Control ◽  
Soft Radiation

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

A Superconducting Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 10-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Worsham ◽  
J. E. Mann ◽  
E. G. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Helium ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electrical Instability ◽  
Radiation Shields ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thermal Oscillations ◽  
Flux Pump

This superconducting microscope, Figure 1, was first operated in May, 1970. The column, which started life as a Siemens Elmiskop I, was modified by removing the objective and intermediate lenses, the specimen chamber, and the complete vacuum system. The large cryostat contains the objective lens and stage. They are attached to the bottom of the 7-liter helium vessel and are surrounded by two vapor-cooled radiation shields.In the initial operational period 5-mm and 2-mm focal length objective lens pole pieces were used giving magnification up to 45000X. Without a stigmator and precision ground pole pieces, a resolution of about 50-100Å was achieved. The boil-off rate of the liquid helium was reduced to 0.2-0.3ℓ/hour after elimination of thermal oscillations in the cryostat. The calculated boil-off was 0.2ℓ/hour. No effect caused by mechanical or electrical instability was found. Both 4.2°K and 1.7-1.9°K operation were routine. Flux pump excitation and control of the lens were quite smooth, simple, and, apparently highly stable. Alignment of the objective lens proved quite awkward, however, with the long-thin epoxy glass posts used for supporting the lens.

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