scholarly journals The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 9365-9379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wu ◽  
S. J. Zhang ◽  
M. L. Li ◽  
Y. S. Ge ◽  
J. W. Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Abstract. China's new "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" set a target for total NOx emission reduction of 10% for the period of 2011–2015. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have been considered a major contributor to NOx emissions in China. Beijing initiated a comprehensive vehicle test program in 2008. This program included a sub-task for measuring on-road emission profiles of hundreds of HDDVs using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The major finding is that neither the on-road distance-specific (g km−1) nor brake-specific (g kWh−1) NOx emission factors for diesel buses and heavy-duty diesel trucks improved in most cases as emission standards became more stringent. For example, the average NOx emission factors for Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV buses are 11.3 ± 3.3 g km−1, 12.5 ± 1.3 g km−1, and 11.8 ± 2.0 g km−1, respectively. No statistically significant difference in NOx emission factors was observed between Euro II and III buses. Even for Euro IV buses equipped with SCR systems, the NOx emission factors are similar to Euro III buses. The data regarding real-time engine performance of Euro IV buses suggest the engine certification cycles did not reflect their real-world operating conditions. These new on-road test results indicate that previous estimates of total NOx emissions for HDDV fleet may be significantly underestimated. The new estimate in total NOx emissions for the Beijing HDDV fleet in 2009 is 37.0 Gg, an increase of 45% compared to the previous study. Further, we estimate that the total NOx emissions for the national HDDV fleet in 2009 are approximately 4.0 Tg, higher by 1.0 Tg (equivalent to 18% of total NOx emissions for vehicle fleet in 2009) than that estimated in the official report. This would also result in 4% increase in estimation of national anthropogenic NOx emissions. More effective control measures (such as promotion of CNG buses and a new in-use compliance testing program) are urged to secure the goal of total NOx mitigation for the HDDV fleet in the future.

scholarly journals The challenge to NO<sub>x</sub> emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 18565-18604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wu ◽  
S. J. Zhang ◽  
M. L. Li ◽  
Y. S. Ge ◽  
J. W. Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Abstract. China's new "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" set a target for total NOx emission reduction of 10% for the period of 2011–2015. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have been considered a major contributor to NOx emissions in China. Beijing initiated a comprehensive vehicle test program in 2008. This program included a sub-task for measuring on-road emission profiles of hundreds of HDDVs using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The major finding is that neither the on-road distance-specific (g km −1) nor brake-specific (g kW h−1) NOx emission factors for diesel buses and heavy-duty diesel trucks improved in most cases as emission standards became more stringent. For example, the average NOx emission factors for Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV buses are 11.3±3.3 g km−1, 12.5± 1.3 g km−1, and 11.8±2.0 g km−1, respectively. No statistically significant difference in NOx emission factors was observed between Euro II and III buses. Even for Euro IV buses equipped with SCR systems, the NOx emission factors are similar to Euro III buses. The data regarding real-time engine performance of Euro IV buses suggest the engine certification cycles did not reflect their real-world operating conditions. These new on-road test results indicate that previous estimates of total NOx emissions for HDDV fleet may be significantly underestimated. The new estimate in total NOx emissions for the Beijing HDDV fleet in 2009 is 37.0 Gg, an increase of 45% compared to the previous study. Further, we estimate that the total NOx emissions for the national HDDV fleet in 2009 are approximately 4.0 Tg, higher by 1.0 Tg (equivalent to 18% of total NOx emissions for vehicle fleet in 2009) than that estimated in the official report. This would also result in 4% increase in estimation of national anthropogenic NOx emissions. More effective control measures (such as promotion of CNG buses and a new in-use compliance testing program) are urged to secure the goal of total NOxmitigation for the HDDV fleet in the future.

scholarly journals Investigation and Prediction of Heavy-Duty Diesel Passenger Bus Emissions in Hainan Using a COPERT Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Jihui Zhuang ◽  
Xiaoming Cheng ◽  
Mengliang Li ◽  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Gray Model ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Standard Scenario ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

To investigate the emission status and predict the future trends of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in Hainan Province, the technical level distribution, activity characteristics, and operating conditions of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses were statistically analyzed. The emissions of CO, CO2, NOX, and PM of the province’s heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in 2017 were calculated by the COPERT model. The Portable Emission Measurement System was applied to the calibration of emission factors calculated by the model to improve the accuracy of emission predictions. The prediction of emission trends sets three different scenarios: baseline scenarios (BAS), emission reduction standard scenario (ERS), and emission reduction standard and replacement by electric vehicle scenario (ERS and REV). The gray model was used to predict the number of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in the three scenarios and combined with the calibrated emission factors to predict the emission trends under different scenarios. Results show that the ERS will reduce CO, CO2, NOX, and PM emissions by approximately 23%, 12%, 23%, and 46% respectively, in 2025 compared with BAS. ERS and REV will reduce CO, CO2, NOX, and PM emissions by approximately 38%, 33%, 38%, and 50% for the three emissions, compared with the BAS.

scholarly journals NOx Emissions from Euro 5 and Euro 6 Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles under Real Driving Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangchul Ko ◽  
Junhong Park ◽  
Hyungjun Kim ◽  
Gunwoo Kang ◽  
Jongchul Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Despite the strengthening of vehicle emissions standards and test methods, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from on-road mobile sources are not being notably reduced. The introduction of real driving emission (RDE) regulations is expected to reduce the discrepancy between emission regulations and actual air pollution. To analyze the effects of RDE regulations on heavy-duty diesel vehicles, pollutants emitted while driving were measured using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) for Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles, which were produced before and after RDE regulations, respectively. NOx emissions were compared as a function of emissions allowance standards, gross vehicle weight (GVW), average vehicle speed, and ambient temperature. NOx emissions from Euro 6 vehicles were found to be low, regardless of GVW; emissions from both vehicular categories increased with a decline in the average speed. To reflect real road driving characteristics more broadly in the RDE test method for heavy-duty vehicles, it is necessary to consider engine power, which is a criterion for classifying effective sections, in the moving average window (MAW) analysis method, as well as including cold start conditions.

scholarly journals On-Board Sensor-Based NOx Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 5504-5511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Tan ◽  
Paul Henderick ◽  
Seungju Yoon ◽  
Jorn Herner ◽  
Thomas Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

scholarly journals Characterization of Real-World Pollutant Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks with Latest Emissions Control

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Keramydas ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Christos Tziourtzioumis ◽  
Georgios Papadopoulos ◽  
Ting-Shek Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Diesel Trucks ◽  
The Impact

Heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) comprise a key source of road transport emissions and energy consumption worldwide mainly due to the growth of road freight traffic during the last two decades. Addressing their air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is therefore required, while accurate emission factors are needed to logistically optimize their operation. This study characterizes real-world emissions and fuel consumption (FC) of HDDTs and investigates the factors that affect their performance. Twenty-two diesel-fueled, Euro IV to Euro VI, HDDTs of six different manufacturers were measured in the road network of the Hong Kong metropolitan area, using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The testing routes included urban, highway and mixed urban/highway driving. The data collected corresponds to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Real-world distance- and energy-based emission levels are presented in a comparative manner to capture the effect of after-treatment technologies and the role of the evolution of Euro standards on emissions performance. The emission factors’ uncertainty is analyzed. The impact of speed, road grade and vehicle weight loading on FC and emissions is investigated. An analysis of diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations and ammonia (NH3) slip events are presented along with the study of Nitrous oxide (N2O) formation. The results reveal deviations of real-world HDDTs emissions from emission limits, as well as the significant impact of different operating and driving factors on their performance. The occasional high levels of N2O emissions from selective catalytic reduction equipped HDDTs is also revealed, an issue that has not been thoroughly considered so far.

Real-world PM, NOx, CO, and ultrafine particle emission factors for military non-road heavy duty diesel vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 2603-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzi Zhu ◽  
Nicholas J. Nussbaum ◽  
Hampden D. Kuhns ◽  
M.-C. Oliver Chang ◽  
David Sodeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Particle Emission ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Evaluation of Cu-PPHs as active catalysts for the SCR process to control NOx emissions from heavy duty diesel vehicles

Chemosphere ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Moreno-Tost ◽  
Mona Lisa Oliveira ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada ◽  
José Jiménez-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Jiménez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel
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