Analysis of ionospheric disturbances caused by the severe weather event in Poland on 11th August 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nykiel ◽  
Yevgen Zanimonskiy ◽  
Mariusz Figurski ◽  
Zofia Baldysz ◽  
Aleksander Koloskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Weather Model ◽  
Severe Weather Event

<p>The coupling of the ionosphere with the tropospheric processes is a complex problem and the necessity of its resolve is highlighted in numerous publications. They mainly focus on lightning, hurricanes, tornadoes, as well as tsunamis, which induce disturbances in the ionosphere. Current works suggest that they are generated by the two major mechanisms: electrical effects during lightning, and atmospheric gravity waves propagated vertically and horizontally. However, these mechanisms are still not precisely examined.</p><p>The aim of this study is investigation of the coupling of severe weather event with ionosphere. This phenomenon, which can be classified as derecho occurred on 11th August 2017 in Poland. It was a 300 km length bow echo heavy storm, characterized by wind gusts of about 150 km/h, lightning, strong rain and hail drops. All these factors may have caused disturbances not only in the troposphere but also affect the ionosphere. In order to investigate a coupling mechanism and determination of morphological characteristics of the ionospheric disturbances, we used a dense network of GNSS receivers. Using GPS and GLONASS observations, we estimated total electron content (TEC) variations with 30-second interval. This has allowed to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution maps of ionospheric disturbances which have been compared with other data derived from in situ meteorological measurements, weather radars, and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical weather model. We investigated that during the main phase of the storm the wavy-like ionospheric disturbances occurred for some of the observed satellite with magnitude of about 0.2 TECU. In this work, we present detailed analysis of this event and discussion about troposphere-ionosphere coupling.</p>

Satellite and ground-based magnetic field observations related to volcanic eruptions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Schwingenschuh ◽  
Werner Magnes ◽  
Xuhui Shen ◽  
Jindong Wang ◽  
Bingjun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Satellite Orbits ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Total Electron

<p>In this study we investigate volcanic eruption phenomena related to ionospheric disturbances, e.g. Heki (2006) used total electron content (TEC) measurements for this task. In particular, a model is developed how discharge phenomena (e.g. Houghton etal, 2013) can produce magnetic field variations at SWARM and CSES satellite orbits, i.e. altitudes of ~500 km in the F-region. Several coupling mechanism between lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere are discussed by Simões etal (2012).<br>Experimental evidence is based on magnetic field observations aboard CSES mission in the time frame July 2018 to January 2019. The theoretical considerations include the source mechanism, propagation path, and the signal strength at low earth orbit satellite altitude.</p><p>Ref:<br>(1) Heki, K., Explosion energy of the 2004 eruption of the Asama Volcano, central Japan, inferred from ionospheric disturbances, GRL, 33, L14303, 2006. doi:10.1029/2006GL026249<br>(2) Houghton, I. M. P., K. L. Aplin, and K. A. Nicoll, Triboelectric Charging of Volcanic Ash from the 2011 Grı́msvötn Eruption, PRL, 111, 118501, 2013. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.118501 arXiv:1304.1784<br>(3) Simões F., R. Pfaff, J.-J. Berthelier, J. Klenzing, A Review of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Phenomena Related to Tropospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Mechanisms, SSR, 168:551–593, 2012. doi:10.1007/s11214-011-9854-0</p>

scholarly journals Combinatorial observation ionospheric characteristics during tropical cyclone Debbie passing eastern Australia in 2017 using GPS and ion sounder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyang Ke ◽  
Jinling Wang ◽  
Kehe Wang ◽  
Jiujing Xu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ionospheric Scintillation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Gps Satellites ◽  
Eastern Australia

Abstract. The ionospheric morphology responses to tropical cyclone passing over eastern Australia, named as DEBBIE in 2017, is investigated using Global Positioning System (GPS) Slant Total Electron Content (STEC), GPS ionospheric scintillation S4 index and ionospheric characteristics by High Frequency (HF) radio. Based on the data analysis in this study, some significant morphological characteristics of ionospheric responses to tropical cyclone Debbie are identified as follows: a) As the GPS satellites PRN01 and PRN11 were passing above typhoon center, their ROTI (Rate of STEC index) is obviously increased. b) The S4 intensity of the GPS ionospheric scintillation is significantly enhanced on March 27, which mostly concentrate around tropical cyclone center and distribute over the region within 18 °S-25 °S. c) The stronger enhancement of f0F1 and f0F2 was observed by High Frequency at Townsville on March 28, when the distance between Townsville and the center of tropical cyclone Debbie was shorter. Regarding the coupling mechanism between the ionospheric disturbance and the tropical cyclone, it is suspected that the electric field perturbations due to turbulent top movement from tropical cyclones might generate ionospheric irregularity and disturbance. To a certain extent, some ionospheric irregularities can further produce bubbles.

scholarly journals Statistical study of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances in low-latitude ionosphere using an automatic algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Hsuan Cheng ◽  
Charles Lin ◽  
Yuichi Otsuka ◽  
Hanli Liu ◽  
Panthalingal Krishanunni Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances

AbstractThis study investigates the medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) statistically at the low-latitude equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region in the northern hemisphere. We apply the automatic detection algorithm including the three-dimensional fast Fourier transform (3-D FFT) and support vector machine (SVM) on total electron content (TEC) observations, derived from a network of ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers in Taiwan (14.5° N geomagnetic latitude; 32.5° inclination), to identify MSTID from other waves or irregularity features. The obtained results are analyzed statistically to examine the behavior of low-latitude MSTIDs. Statistical results indicate the following characteristics. First, the southward (equatorward) MSTIDs are observed almost every day during 0800–2100 LT in Spring and Winter. At midnight, southward MSTIDs are more discernible in Summer and majority of them are propagating from Japan to Taiwan. Second, northward (poleward) MSTIDs are more frequently detected during 1200–2100 LT in Spring and Summer with the secondary peak of occurrence between day of year (DOY) 100–140 during 0000–0300 LT. The characteristics of the MSTIDs are interpreted with additional observations from radio occultation (RO) soundings of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC as well as modeled atmospheric waves from the high-resolution Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) suggesting that the nighttime MSTIDs in Summer is likely connected to the atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs).

scholarly journals Characterizing severe weather potential in synoptically weakly forced thunderstorm environments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Miller ◽  
Thomas L. Mote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Model Error ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Weather Event ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Accurate Representation ◽  
Severe Weather Event

Abstract. Weakly forced thunderstorms (WFTs), short-lived convection forming in synoptically quiescent regimes, are a contemporary forecasting challenge. The convective environments that support severe WFTs are often similar to those that yield only nonsevere WFTs, and additionally, only a small proportion individual WFTs will ultimately produce severe weather. The purpose of this study is to better characterize the relative severe weather potential in these settings as a function of the convective environment. Thirty near-storm convective parameters for > 200 000 WFTs in the Southeast United States are calculated from a high-resolution numerical forecasting model, the Rapid Refresh (RAP). For each parameter, the relative likelihood of WFT days with at least one severe weather event is assessed along a moving threshold. Parameters (and the values of them) that reliably separate severe-weather-supporting from nonsevere WFT days are highlighted. Only two convective parameters, vertical totals (VT) and total totals (TT), appreciably differentiate severe-wind-supporting and severe-hail-supporting days from nonsevere WFT days. When VTs exceeded values between 24.6–25.1 °C or TTs between 46.5–47.3 °C, severe-wind days were roughly 5 × more likely. Meanwhile, severe-hail days became roughly 10 × more likely when VTs exceeded 24.4–26.0 °C or TTs exceeded 46.3–49.2 °C. The stronger performance of VT and TT is partly attributed to the more accurate representation of these parameters in the numerical model. Under-reporting of severe weather and model error are posited to exacerbate the forecasting challenge by obscuring the subtle convective environmental differences enhancing storm severity.

scholarly journals RESPON TEC IONOSFER DI ATAS BANDUNG DAN MANADO TERKAIT FLARE SINAR-X MATAHARI KELAS M5.1 DAN M7.9 TAHUN 2015 (IONOSPHERIC TEC RESPONSE OVER BANDUNG DAN MANADO ASSOCIATED WITH M5.1 AND M7.9 CLASSES OF SOLAR FLARE XRAYS IN 2015)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Sri Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Total Electron Content ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Ionospheric Scintillation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Total Electron

The solar flare is potential to cause sudden increase of the electron density in the ionosphere,particularly in D layer, known as Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SID). This increase of electron density occurs not only in the ionospheric D layer but also in the ionospheric E and F layers. Total Electron Content (TEC) measured by GPS is the total number of electrons from D to F layer. The aim of this research is to study the effect of solar flare x-rays, greater than M5 class in 2015, on ionospheric TEC over Bandung and Manado. This paper presents the preliminary result of ionospheric TEC response on solar flare occurrence over Indonesia. The ionospheric TEC data is derived from GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) receiver at Bandung (-6.90o S;107.6o E geomagnetic latitude 16.54o S) and Manado (1.48o N; 124.85o E geomagnetic latitude 7.7o S). The solar x-rays flares classes analyzed where M5.1 on 10 March 2015 and M7.9 on 25 June 2015. Slant TEC (STEC) values where calculated to obtain Vertical TEC (VTEC) and the Differential of the VTEC (DVTEC) per PRN satellite for further analysis. The results showed that immediately after the flare, there where sudden enhancement of the VTEC and the DVTEC (over Bandung and Manado) at the same time. The time delay of ionospheric TEC response on M5.1 flare was approximately 2 minutes, then the VTEC increased by 0.5 TECU and the DVTEC rose sharply by 0.5 – 0.6 TECU/minutes. Moreover, the time delay after the M7.9 flare was approximately 11 minutes, then the VTEC increased by 1 TECU and the DVTEC rose sharply by 0.6 – 0.9 TECU/minutes. ABSTRAK Flare matahari berpotensi meningkatkan kerapatan elektron ionosfer secara mendadak, khususnya di lapisan D, yang dikenal sebagai Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances (SID). Peningkatan kerapatan elektron tersebut terjadi tidak hanya di lapisan D, tetapi juga di lapisan E dan F ionosfer. Total Electron Content (TEC) dari GPS merupakan jumlah banyaknya elektron total dari lapisan D sampai lapisan F. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek flare, yang lebih besar dari kelas M5 tahun 2015, terhadap TEC ionosfer di atas Bandung dan Manado. Makalah ini merupakan hasil awal dari respon TEC ionosfer terhadap fenomena flare di atas Indonesia. Data TEC ionosfer diperoleh dari penerima GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor (GISTM) di Bandung (-6,90o S; 107,60o E lintang geomagnet 16,54o LS) dan Manado (1,48oLU;124,85oBT lintang geomagnet 7,7o LS) dikaitkan dengan kejadian flare kelas M5.1 pada tanggal 10 Maret 2015 dan kelas M7.9 pada tanggal 25 Juni 2015. Nilai Slant TEC (STEC) dihitung untuk memperoleh nilai Vertical TEC (VTEC), kemudian nilai Differential of VTEC (DVTEC) per PRN satelit diperoleh untuk analisis selanjutnya. Hasil menunjukkan segera setelah terjadi flare, terjadi peningkatan VTEC dan DVTEC (di atas Bandung dan Manado) secara mendadak pada waktu yang sama. Waktu tunda dari respon TEC ionosfer setelah terjadi flare M5.1 adalah sekitar 2 menit, kemudian VTEC meningkat sebesar 0,5 TECU dan DVTEC meningkat secara tajam sebesar 0,5 – 0,6 TECU/menit. Sedangkan, waktu tunda setelah terjadi flare M7.9 adalah 11 menit, kemudian VTEC meningkat sebesar 1 TECU dan DVTEC meningkat secara tajam sebesar 0,6 – 0,9 TECU/menit.

scholarly journals Probing the ionosphere by the pulsar B0950+08 with help of RadioAstron ground-space baselines

2019 ◽  
Vol 491 (4) ◽  
pp. 5843-5851
Author(s):  
Vladimir I Zhuravlev ◽  
Yu I Yermolaev ◽  
A S Andrianov
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Very Long Baseline Interferometry ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbances ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Space Radio Telescope ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Ionospheric Total Electron Content

ABSTRACT The ionospheric scattering of pulses emitted by PSR B0950+08 is measured using the 10-mRadioAstron Space Radio Telescope, the 300-m Arecibo Radio Telescope, and the 14 x 25-m Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at a frequency band between 316 and 332 MHz. We analyse this phenomenon based on a simulated model of the phase difference obtained between antennas that are widely separated by nearly 25 Earth diameters. We present a technique for processing and analysing the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at the ground stations of the ground-space interferometer. This technique allows us to derive almost synchronous half-hour structures of the TEC in the ionosphere at an intercontinental distance between the Arecibo and WSRT stations. We find that the amplitude values of the detected structures are approximately twice as large as the values for the TEC derived in the international reference ionosphere (IRI) project. Furthermore, the values of the TEC outside these structures are almost the same as the corresponding values found by the IRI. According to a preliminary analysis, the detected structures were observed during a geomagnetic storm with a minimum Dst index of ∼75 nT generated by interplanetary disturbances, and may be due to the influence of interplanetary and magnetospheric phenomena on ionospheric disturbances. We show that the Space Very Long Baseline Interferometry provides us with new opportunities to study the TEC, and we demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument to research the ionosphere.

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