Land-use change and climate change mitigation potential of agricultural soils in Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Tupek ◽  
Aleksi Lehtonen ◽  
Raisa Mäkipää ◽  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
Saija Huuskonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Litter Input ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Woody Litter

<p>We aimed to estimate a nation-wide potential to improve the carbon balance of the land use sector by removing part of the current croplands on mineral soil from food and feed production to extensive grasslands or afforestation in Finland.  We combined the existing data on forest and agricultural production, and climate with predictive capacity of YASSO07 soil carbon model to estimate changes of soil carbon stock (SOC) in Finland over the past land use change (LUC) from forest to agriculture in comparison with alternative LUC or continuous agriculture in future.</p><p>The model analysis revealed that SOC loss after deforestation during the cultivation period originated mainly from the absence of woody litter input. The non-woody litter input of the forest was comparable to that of the agricultural residues thus the SOC originating from non-woody litter has not changed much during cultivation. The model estimated approximately a 30 year delay in positive soil carbon balance after the afforestation. Longer for Norway spruce than for the Pubescent birch. The comparison of two dominant tree species used for afforestation highlighted a difference in soil versus biomass carbon sequestration. The total forest biomass production and total carbon stock was larger for spruce stands than for birch stands. However, due to larger foliar and fineroot litter input birch stands sequestered more carbon into the soil than spruce stands. The analysis further revealed that extensification of cropland to grassland would not meet 4 per mill soil carbon sequestration criterion needed for achieving Paris climate CO2 reduction target and due to the spatial limitation of afforestation other management measures need to be considered e.g. adding biochar to soils for successful and more permanent CO2 offsetting.</p>

Influences of global change on carbon sequestration by agricultural and forest soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
No Till

Global change — including warmer temperatures, higher CO2 concentrations, increased nitrogen deposition, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and land use change — affects soil carbon inputs (plant litter), and carbon outputs (decomposition). Warmer temperatures tend to increase both plant litter inputs and decomposition rates, making the net effect on soil carbon sequestration uncertain. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels may be partly offset by rising soil carbon levels, but this is the subject of considerable interest, controversy, and uncertainty. Current land use changes have a net negative impact on soil carbon. Desertification and erosion associated with overgrazing and excess fuelwood harvesting, conversion of natural ecosystems into cropland and pasture land, and agricultural intensification are causing losses of soil carbon. Losses increase in proportion to the severity and duration of damage to root systems. Strategic landscape-level deployment of plants through agroforestry systems and riparian plantings may represent an efficient way to rebuild total ecosystem carbon, while also stabilizing soils and hydrologic regimes, and enhancing biodiversity. Many options exist for increasing carbon sequestration on croplands while maintaining or increasing production. These include no-till farming, additions of nitrogen fertilizers and manure, and irrigation and paddy culture. Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol has stimulated intense interest in accounting for land use change impacts on soil carbon stocks. Most Annex I parties are attempting to estimate the potential for increased agricultural soil carbon sequestration to partly offset their growing fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions. However, this will require demonstrating and verifying carbon stock changes, and raises an issue of how stringent a definition of verification will be adopted by parties. Soil carbon levels and carbon sequestration potential vary widely across landscapes. Wetlands contain extremely important reservoirs of soil carbon in the form of peat. Clay and silt soils have higher carbon stocks than sandy soils, and show a greater and more prolonged response to carbon sequestration measures such as afforestation. Increased knowledge of soil organisms and their activities can improve our understanding of how soil carbon will respond to global change. New techniques using soil organic matter fractionation and stable C isotopes are also making major contributions to our understanding of this topic. Key words: climate change, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen, soil respiration, land use change, plant roots, afforestation, no-till.

scholarly journals Land use, land use change and soil carbon sequestration in the St. Johns River Basin, Florida, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wade Ross ◽  
Sabine Grunwald ◽  
David Brenton Myers ◽  
Xiong Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration

scholarly journals Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira ◽  
Monica A. Pech-Cardenas ◽  
Sara M. Morales-Ojeda ◽  
Siuling Cinco-Castro ◽  
Andrea Camacho-Rico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
General Law

Mexico has more than 750,000 ha of mangroves and more than 400,000 ha of seagrasses. However, approximately 200,000 ha of mangroves and an unknown area of seagrass have been lost due to coastal development associated with urban, industrial and tourist purposes. In 2018, the approved reforms to the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC) aligned the Mexican law with the international objectives established in the 2nd Article of the Paris Agreement. This action proves Mexico’s commitment to contributing to the global target of stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions concentration in the planet. Thus, restoring and conserving mangrove and seagrass habitats could contribute to fulfilling this commitment. Therefore, as a first step in establishing a mitigation and adaptation plan against climate change with respect to conservation and restoration actions of these ecosystems, we evaluated Mexican blue carbon ecosystems through a systematic review of the carbon stock using the standardized method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used the data from 126 eligible studies for both ecosystems (n = 1220). The results indicated that information is missing at the regional level. However, the average above and below ground organic carbon stocks from mangroves in Mexico is 113.6 ± 5.5 (95% CI [99.3–118.4]) Mg Corg ha−1 and 385.1 ± 22 (95% CI [344.5–431.9]) Mg Corg ha−1, respectively. The variability in the Corg stocks for both blue carbon ecosystems in Mexico is related to variations in climate, hydrology and geomorphology observed along the country’s coasts in addition to the size and number of plots evaluated with respect to the spatial cover. The highest values for mangroves were related to humid climate conditions, although in the case of seagrasses, they were related to low levels of hydrodynamic stress. Based on the official extent of mangrove and seagrass area in Mexico, we estimate a total carbon stock of 237.7 Tg Corg from mangroves and 48.1 Tg Corg from seagrasses. However, mangroves and seagrasses are still being lost due to land use change despite Mexican laws meant to incorporate environmental compensation. Such losses are largely due to loopholes in the legal framework that dilute the laws’ effectiveness and thus ability to protect the ecosystem. The estimated emissions from land use change under a conservative approach in mangroves of Mexico were approximately 24 Tg CO2e in the last 20 years. Therefore, the incorporation of blue carbon into the carbon market as a viable source of supplemental finance for mangrove and seagrass protection is an attractive win-win opportunity.

scholarly journals Soil carbon sequestration and land use change associated with biofuel production: empirical evidence

GCB Bioenergy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangcai Qin ◽  
Jennifer B. Dunn ◽  
Hoyoung Kwon ◽  
Steffen Mueller ◽  
Michelle M. Wander
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals Application of Google earth in carbon assessment and monitoring in agroforestry: a study from Ratanpur, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Ramasheshwar Mandal ◽  
Srijana Karki ◽  
Bishnu Hari Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

The carbon assessment and monitoring in small scale forests like agroforests are difficult tasks but it creates enormous opportunity as carbon credit. This study aims to assess carbon sequestration potential in agroforestry including soil carbon using google earth imageries. Agroforestry of Ratanpur village in Tanahun district Nepal was selected as the study site. Total agroforests of 19 farmers were selected as the experimental and no agroforests area of 4 farmers were selected as the control site. The high resolution imageries of 2020 and 2015 were acquired from Google earth pro. The digitization was done to classify the image into agriculture, agroforestry, natural trees, settlement areas and others. Total enumeration was done to measure the diameter and height of the plants (tree species) planted in the agro-forest. Moreover, total 69 soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth. The biomass was calculated using Chave et al. equation while soil carbon was analyzed using Walkley Black method. The biomass was converted into carbon which was used to calculate mean annual carbon increment. The result showed the highest carbon stock was 17.6 kg/ stand of Paulownia tomentosa. Total carbon sequestration potential was 2057.689 kg and its monetary value was US$ 30.863. The mean soil carbon stock of agro-forest was higher 52.92 ton/ha than this of 50.3 ton/ha in agriculture site. The map showed it was 7.63 ha agroforest in map of 2020. The overall accuracy of map of 2015 was 90.91% with Kappa coefficient 0.86 but these values were 80.65% and 0.74 respectively of map of 2020. One-way ANOVA and Post hoc test showed that there was significant difference in species wise carbon stock per stand at 95% confidence level. The research will be useful to understand the carbon stock in agroforestry practices.

scholarly journals Addressing uncertainty and bias in land use, land use change, and forestry greenhouse gas inventories

2022 ◽  
Vol 170 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily McGlynn ◽  
Serena Li ◽  
Michael F. Berger ◽  
Meredith Amend ◽  
Kandice L. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Carbon Stock Change ◽  
Stock Change

AbstractNational greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) will play an increasingly important role in tracking country progress against United Nations (UN) Paris Agreement commitments. Yet uncertainty in land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) NGHGHI estimates may undermine international confidence in emission reduction claims, particularly for countries that expect forests and agriculture to contribute large near-term GHG reductions. In this paper, we propose an analytical framework for implementing the uncertainty provisions of the UN Paris Agreement Enhanced Transparency Framework, with a view to identifying the largest sources of LULUCF NGHGI uncertainty and prioritizing methodological improvements. Using the USA as a case study, we identify and attribute uncertainty across all US NGHGI LULUCF “uncertainty elements” (inputs, parameters, models, and instances of plot-based sampling) and provide GHG flux estimates for omitted inventory categories. The largest sources of uncertainty are distributed across LULUCF inventory categories, underlining the importance of sector-wide analysis: forestry (tree biomass sampling error; tree volume and specific gravity allometric parameters; soil carbon model), cropland and grassland (DayCent model structure and inputs), and settlement (urban tree gross to net carbon sequestration ratio) elements contribute over 90% of uncertainty. Net emissions of 123 MMT CO2e could be omitted from the US NGHGI, including Alaskan grassland and wetland soil carbon stock change (90.4 MMT CO2), urban mineral soil carbon stock change (34.7 MMT CO2), and federal cropland and grassland N2O (21.8 MMT CO2e). We explain how these findings and other ongoing research can support improved LULUCF monitoring and transparency.

scholarly journals Estimasi Cadangan Karbon Biomassa di Atas Permukaan pada Tegakan Mangrove Menggunakan Pengindraan Jauh di Tongke-Tongke, Sulawesi Selatan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-466
Author(s):  
Vina Nurul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
South Sulawesi

Mangrove is one of the most intensive carbon sinks and plays a major role in the carbon cycle. However, the existence of mangrove is decreasing due to land use change that are not in accordance with its allocation, and disrupt the carbon cycle in the ecosystem. This study aims to estimate mangrove carbon stock using remote sensing technique in Tongke-tongke, South Sulawesi. Estimation using remote sensing usually has a low accuracy, therefore this research use multispectral (Landsat) and radar (PALSAR) sensor to increase the accuracy. Total carbon stocks in the study area based on model built for HH and HV polarization were 5662.85 ton and 6431.46 ton, respectively.

scholarly journals Conversion of degraded agricultural landscapes to a smallholder agroforestry system and carbon sequestration in drylands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Nwawulu Chiemela ◽  
Florent Noulèkoun ◽  
Chinedum Jachinma Chiemela ◽  
Amanuel Zenebe ◽  
Nigussie Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose This paper aims at providing the evidence about how carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems could contribute to the decrease of atmospheric CO2 rates through the adoption of appropriate cropping systems such as agroforestry. Design/methodology/approach Stratified randomly selected plots were used to collect data on tree diameter at breast height (DBH). Composite soil samples were collected from three soil depths for soil carbon analysis. Above ground biomass estimation was made using an allometric equation. The spectral signature of each plot was extracted to study the statistical relationship between carbon stock and selected vegetation indices. Findings There was a significant difference in vegetation and soil carbon stocks among the different land use/land cover types (P < 0.05). The potential carbon stock was highest in the vegetation found in sparsely cultivated land (13.13 ± 1.84 tons ha−1) and in soil in bushland (19.21 ± 3.79 tons ha−1). Carbon sequestration potential of the study area significantly increased (+127174.5 tons CO2e) as a result of conversion of intensively cultivated agricultural lands to agroforestry systems. The amount of sequestered carbon was found to be dependent on species diversity, tree density and tree size. The vegetation indices had a better correlation with soil and total carbon. Originality/value The paper has addressed an important aspect in curbing greenhouse gases in integrated land systems. The paper brings a new empirical insight of carbon sequestration potentials of agroforestry systems with a focus on drylands.

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