On Space Weather factors which can impact terrestrial physical and biological processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Stupishina ◽  
Elena Golovina
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weather Characteristics

<p>The main idea of our work is to find out the perspective points for the investigation of space factors which can impact physical and biological processes on Earth surface. Some decades ago the complex of those factors was named as “Space Weather”. So the main purpose of our work is to discover the connection between Space Weather and Terrestrial Weather as well as the impact of this environmental complex (Space Weather plus Terrestrial Weather) on biological objects and thereby on the human health.</p><p>The first part of the presented work contains the description of the Space Weather characteristics for the appearance moments of very long-live (more than 10 days) atmosphere pressure systems on different terrestrial latitude locations. These Long-live Pressure Systems (LPS) are interesting for us because some of them (namely anticyclones) can block pressure fields so they can create some dangerous situations for the human health as well as for the human activity. The different terrestrial latitude locations were: (1) Saint-Petersburg (59<sup>o</sup>57‘N, 30<sup>o</sup>19‘E) and (2) Tambov (52<sup>o</sup>43‘N, 41<sup>o</sup>27‘E). This latitude difference in observations is interesting for us because we know about the different affect of Space Weather variations on northern and southern places so we want to study this difference.  The time-intervals were: (1) 1999-2014 years (Saint-Petersburg), (2) 2007-2014 years (Tambov). Space Weather parameters were: (1) global  variations of Solar Activity (SA) parameters; (2) daily characteristics of the SA flare component in various bands of the electromagnetic spectrum; (3) variations of Interplanetary Space characteristics in Earth vicinity; (4) variations of daily statistics of Geomagnetic Field (GMF) characteristics. For the appearance moments of LPS we have discovered the interesting behaviour for follow Space Weather characteristics: variations of all global SA indices, variations of low energy (C-class) X-ray solar flares number, variations of proton fluxes, and variations of GMF parameters daily statistics. Also we have discovered the terrestrial-latitude difference in the atmosphere response on the Space Weather impact.</p><p>The second part of our work contains the results of investigation of environmental (Space Weather plus Terrestrial Weather) impact on human health. This study was done for Saint-Petersburg region (the northern place from the previous point of our investigation). The human health status was indicated by: (1) Cardiac Rhythm Variations (CRV) of patients in the clinic of Medicine Academy, Sudden Cardiac Deaths (SCD) in Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, facts of hard situation in 6 local clinics in different places of Saint-Petersburg and its suburb. We have found out that the dramatic cardiac events (CRV extrema, SCD maxima, hard days in clinics) are connected with variations of solar radio bursts number (the burst type is “noise storm”), the spread daily statistics (coefficient of variation) of GMF z-component and with spread daily statistics (coefficient of oscillation) of air temperature.</p><p>Results of our work may be used as the base for the hazard environmental monitoring.</p>

Observation-based modelling of magnetised CMEs in the inner heliosphere with EUHFORIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Scolini ◽  
Jens Pomoell ◽  
Emmanuel Chané ◽  
Stefaan Poedts ◽  
Luciano Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

<p>Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the primary source of strong space weather disturbances at Earth and other locations in the heliosphere. Understanding the physical processes involved in their formation at the Sun, propagation in the heliosphere, and impact on planetary bodies is therefore critical to improve current space weather predictions throughout the heliosphere. The capability of CMEs to drive strong space weather disturbances at Earth and other planetary and spacecraft locations primarily depends on their dynamic pressure, internal magnetic field strength, and magnetic field orientation at the impact location. In addition, phenomena such as the interaction with the solar wind and other solar transients along the way, or the pre-conditioning of interplanetary space due to the passage of previous CMEs, can significantly modify the properties of individual CMEs and alter their ultimate space weather impact. Investigating and modeling such phenomena via advanced physics-based heliospheric models is therefore crucial to improve the space weather prediction capabilities in relation to both single and complex CME events. </p><p>In this talk, we present our progress in developing novel methods to model CMEs in the inner heliosphere using the EUHFORIA MHD model in combination with remote-sensing solar observations. We discuss the various observational techniques that can be used to constrain the initial CME parameters for EUHFORIA simulations. We present current efforts in developing more realistic magnetised CME models aimed at describing their internal magnetic structure in a more realistic fashion. We show how the combination of these two approaches allows the investigation of CME propagation and evolution throughout the heliosphere to a higher level of detail, and results in significantly improved predictions of CME impact at Earth and other locations in the heliosphere. Finally, we discuss current limitations and future improvements in the context of studying space weather events throughout the heliosphere.</p>

The atmosphere circulation movements in the matching with space weather parameters variations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Stupishina ◽  
Elena Golovina
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Meridional Transport ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Whole Space ◽  
Weather Parameters

<p>The work presents some investigation results of the Space Weather state during the macrosynoptic processes movements in North Atlantic and Eurasia extratropical latitudes. The types of these processes, as it is known, were defined by A. F. Vangengeim as atmosphere circulation types: E-type (east transport in the troposphere which matches with stable anticyclone above the continent), W-type (west transport), and C-type (meridional transport).</p><p>The investigation time interval: 1.01.2007 – 1.01.2014. That corresponds to: the Solar Activity (SA) 23 cycle fall branch, the SA minimum, the rise branch of the 24 SA cycle, the maximum of 24 SA cycle.</p><p>From the investigation we have found out the different periods of the circulation types conservation:  (5-7) days which corresponds to the Natural Synoptic Period (NSP) in Europe region – in our study we have registered 95 NSP cases - it occurs 45% of all discovered periods); (7-10) days – 27% (58 cases), and the Long Period (LP) which endured more than 10 days - 28% (59 cases).</p><p>Here we compare the space weather state at the beginnings of NSP and LP.</p><p>We have investigated the matching of LP-circulation with registered Long-live Pressure Systems (LPS) on different terrestrial latitude locations - Saint-Petersburg (59<sup>o</sup>57‘N, 30<sup>o</sup>19‘E) and Tambov (52<sup>o</sup>43‘N, 41<sup>o</sup>27‘E).</p><p>Space Weather parameters were: global  variations of SA parameters; daily characteristics of the SA flare component in various bands of the electromagnetic spectrum; variations of Interplanetary Space characteristics in Earth vicinity; variations of daily statistics of Geomagnetic Field characteristics.</p><p>Results: (1) The modes of LP-circulation distributions are in the SA maximum and on the SA rise branch (37% and 36% of all LP cases respectively). (2) LP- E-type occurs 56% of all LP. (3) NSP- W-type occurs 48% of all NSP. (4) Most frequent LP- E- type placed on the SA rise branch (24% of all LP). (5) The opening and final moments of LP-circulations was not the same for those moments of LPS on different terrestrial latitude locations but 50% of Saint-Petersburg LPS and 81% of Tambov LPS were intersecting with the time intervals of LP-circulations. (6) All Saint-Petersburg anticyclonic LPS and 82% of them in Tambov area have registered with the E-type of atmosphere circulation. (7) The behaviour of the whole Space Weather parameters complex is specific for LP and differs from it for NSP of different circulation types. (8) The days of the maximal difference of abovementioned complexes were discovered in the folder epoch’s interval – that shows the good forecast perspective. (9) The concrete Space Weather parameters which difference the moments of LP-beginnings from NSP-beginnings are listed in the work.</p><p>Results may be useful for the understanding of the solar-terrestrial connections and can create the base for the forecast of atmosphere response to the space impact.</p>

scholarly journals The Possible Effect of Space Weather Factors on Various Physiological Systems of the Human Organism

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Tatiana Alexandrovna Zenchenko ◽  
Tamara Konstantinovna Breus
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
System Response ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Weather Factors

A systematic review of heliobiological studies of the last 25 years devoted to the study of the potential influence of space weather factors on human health and well-being was carried out. We proposed three criteria (coordinates), according to which the work on solar–biospheric relations was systematized: the time scale of data sampling (years, days, hours, minutes); the level of organization of the biological system under study (population, group, individual, body system); and the degree of system response (norm, adaptation, failure of adaptation (illness), disaster (death)). This systematic review demonstrates that three parameters mentioned above are closely related in the existing heliobiological studies: the larger the selected time scale, the higher the level of estimated biological system organization and the stronger the potential response degree is. The long-term studies are devoted to the possible influence of solar activity on population disasters, i.e., significant increases in morbidity and mortality. On a daily scale, a probable effect of geomagnetic storms and other space weather events on short-term local outbreaks of morbidity is shown as well as on cases of deterioration in people functional state. On an intraday scale, in the regular functioning mode, the heart and brain rhythms of healthy people turn to be synchronized with geomagnetic field variations in some frequency ranges, which apparently is the necessary organism’s existence element. The applicability of different space weather indices at different data sampling rates, the need to take into account the contribution of meteorological factors, and the prospects for an individual approach in heliobiology are discussed. The modern important results of experiments on modeling the action of magnetic storms in laboratory conditions and the substantiation of possible theoreical mechanisms are described. These results provide an experimental and theoretical basis for studies of possible connections of space weather and human health.

scholarly journals Introduction to the physics of solar eruptions and their space weather impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2148) ◽  
pp. 20190152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilis Archontis ◽  
Loukas Vlahos
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Solar Interior ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Solar Eruptions ◽  
Earth Connection ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances

The physical processes, which drive powerful solar eruptions, play an important role in our understanding of the Sun–Earth connection. In this Special Issue, we firstly discuss how magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior to the solar surface, to build up active regions, which commonly host large-scale coronal disturbances, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Then, we discuss the physical processes associated with the driving and triggering of these eruptions, the propagation of the large-scale magnetic disturbances through interplanetary space and the interaction of CMEs with Earth's magnetic field. The acceleration mechanisms for the solar energetic particles related to explosive phenomena (e.g. flares and/or CMEs) in the solar corona are also discussed. The main aim of this Issue, therefore, is to encapsulate the present state-of-the-art in research related to the genesis of solar eruptions and their space-weather implications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Solar eruptions and their space weather impact’.

scholarly journals CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN POPULAR TERRITORIES POPULATION AND WEATHER FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Belyayeva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Human Cardiovascular System

Introduction. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular pathology (CP) on the background of the increasing extremity of environmental factors observed in recent years requires careful analysis of the relationship between the population’s appealability of this pathology for medical assistance and factors of terrestrial and space weather in various climatic and geographical conditions. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the frequency of ambulance calls (AC) to CP patients, living in the foothill areas, relative to concomitant meteo- and geliogeomagnetic factors was carried out. Results. There are gender-specific, as well as seasonally specific correlations between the nosologies studied (transitory ischemic attacks (TIA), Ischemic Cardiac Disease (ICD) due to angina) and investigated factors. Significant fluctuations of these factors, their sharp inter-day fluctuations, and interaction effects contribute to an increase in the frequency of calls to the ambulance. In the dynamics of the frequency of calls, the presence of the seasonal component is traced with an emphasis on the winter period, when a spastic type of weather is formed against the background of a decrease in the average daily temperature and an increase in the atmospheric pressure, which has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system, increases risk of cardiovascular accidents. Patients with TIA have high values of systolic BP, Diastolic BP, Pulsed BP, mean BP. Against the background of “acute” meteorological conditions (IWP > 25), Diastolic BP increases, even more, the systolic and cardiac output is significantly reduced. In ICD patients, suffering from angina attacks, the maximum number of ambulance calls is recorded during the winter period due to the negative impact of both the temperature factor and the entire complex of meteorological factors in general. Attacks occurrence in the summer is minimal. Conclusion. The data obtained allows predicting the adverse effects of the terrestrial and space weather impact on the human cardiovascular system and taking preventive measures in a timely manner.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Objectivity of Scientific Research as an Ethical and Political Position (Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Zapesotsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Nonfiction Essays ◽  
The Impact

Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018. - 592 pp. ISBN 978-5-7621-0973-4This author discusses the problem of scientific objectivity and reviews a book written by the medievalist-historian P.P. Tolochko, full member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), honorable director of the NASU Institute of Archaeology. The book was published by the Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences in the autumn of 2018. The book presents a collection of articles and reports devoted to processes in Ukraine and, first of all, in Ukrainian historical science, which, at the moment, is experiencing an era of serious reformation of its interpretative models. The author of the book shows that these models are being reformed to suit the requirements of the new ideology, with an obvious disregard for the conduct of objective scientific research. In this regard, the problem of objectivity of scientific research becomes the subject of this review because the requirement of objectivity can be viewed not only as a methodological requirement but also as a moral and political position, opposing the rigor of scientific research to the impact of ideological, political and moral systems and judgments. It is concluded that in this sense the position of P.P. Tolochko can be considered as the act of profound ethical choice.

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