The influence of different roll erosion control products to the particle size distribution of the soil sediment eroded on artificial slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Kubínová ◽  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Martin Neumann ◽  
Jan-František Kubát
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Simulator ◽  
Soil Sediment

<p>In this contribution the particle size distributions of the soil sediment obtained from soil erosion experiments were analysed. All the tests were done on arable topsoil’s, separately the size distribution of the soil aggregates and individual soil particles were evaluated. Soil erosion was initiated under the controlled conditions. CTU Prague laboratory rainfall simulator and field laboratory in Jirkov were used for this research. The rainfall was artificially generated with use of a nozzle type rainfall simulator. The sediment transported due to the surface runoff and rill erosion was collected from the discharge of the inclined soil erosion plots (slopes 20 – 34°, slope length 4 m).<br>During each experiment, eight samples were collected. Four samples were collected during the first experimental rainfall. For the next ten days, the container was kept aside the rainfall. Afterwards, the raining with the rainfall simulator on plot (which now had different initial condition compared to the plot during the first experimental rainfall as the plot already contained erosion rills from the previous episode) has been resumed and another four samples were collected.<br>Experimental plots were vertically divided into two parts. On one part was an eel and on the second part were different types of rolled erosion control products (RECPs) – Enkamat 7010, and 7020, Biomac-C, coir fibres K700 and K400, jute, Macmat 8.1, mulch, hay, nonwoven, fortrac 3D and triangle. The influence of RECPs to the particle size distribution was investigated.<br>Laser diffraction has been selected as a method to determine particle size distribution and device Mastersizer 3000 was used. By the comparison of the particle size distribution, of more than five hundred samples, the different response to the soil erosion mechanism and the influence of external factors (slope of the experimental plot, initial condition and presence of RECPs) on the particle size distribution and soil aggregates content in eroded sediment were investigated. It has been found that both the particle size and aggregates size distribution of the eroded sediment changes considerably in time.<br>This research is funded by the TH02030428 - „Design of technical measures for slopes stabilization and soil erosion prevention” and by the International CTU grant SGS20/156/OHK1/3T/11.</p>

scholarly journals Aggregate and Particle Size Distribution of the Soil Sediment Eroded on Steep Artificial Slopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4427
Author(s):  
Romana Kubínová ◽  
Martin Neumann ◽  
Petr Kavka
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Soil Sediment

In this study, the particle size distribution (PSD) of the soil sediment from topsoil obtained from soil erosion experiments under different conditions was measured. Rainfall simulators were used for rain generation on the soil erosion plots with slopes 22°, 30°, 34° and length 4.25 m. The influence of the external factors (slope and initial state) on the particle and aggregate size distribution were evaluated by laser diffractometer (LD). The aggregate representation percentage in the eroded sediment was also investigated. It has been found that when the erosion processes are intensive (steep slope or long duration of the raining), the eroded sediment contains coarser particles and lower amounts of aggregates. Three methods for the soil particle analyses were tested: (i) conventional–sieving and hydrometer method; (ii) PARIO Soil Particle Analyzer combined with sieving; and (iii) laser diffraction (LD) using Mastersizer 3000. These methods were evaluated in terms of reproducibility of the results, time demands, and usability. It was verified that the LD has significant advantages compared to other two methods, especially the short measurement time for one sample (only 15 min per sample for LD) and the possibility to destroy soil aggregates using ultrasound which is much easier than using hexametaphosphate.

Particle and aggregates size distribution of soil transported due to surface runoff and rill erosion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Kubínová ◽  
Petr Kavka ◽  
Martin Neumann ◽  
Tomáš Laburda
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Soil Sediment

<p>In this contribution the grain size distributions of the soil sediment obtained from soil erosion experiments were analysed. All the tests were done on arable topsoil’s, separately the size distribution of the soil aggregates and individual soil particles were evaluated. Soil erosion was initiated under the controlled conditions in the laboratories. The rainfall was artificially generated with use of a nozzle type rainfall simulator. The sediment transported due to the surface runoff and rill erosion was collected from the discharge of the inclined soil erosion plots (slopes 20 – 34°, slope length 4 m).</p><p>The soil sediment was collected in four sampling times. The first and the second were collected in fifteen and thirty minutes from the beginning of the simulation, then followed fifteen minutes long pause without raining and then the simulation continued and soil samples were collected again in fifteen and thirty minutes from the beginning of the rain. After ten days long pause whole process were repeated at the same experimental plot contains rills from previous simulation. Experimental plots were vertically divided into two parts. On one part was an eel and on the second part were different types of rolled erosion control products (RECPs) – Enkamat 7010, Biomac-C, coir fibres K700 and K400, jute, Macmat 8.1 with soil, mulch, hay and nonwoven. The influence of RECPs to the grain size distribution was investigated.</p><p>Laser diffraction has been selected as a method to determine grain size distribution and device Mastersizer 3000 was used. By the comparison of the grain size distribution, of more than five hundreds samples, the different response to the soil erosion mechanism and the influence of external factors (experimental plot slope, sampling time from the surface runoff and presence of RECPs) on the grain size distribution and soil aggregates content in eroded sediment were investigated. It has been found that both the particle size and aggregates size distribution of the eroded sediment changes considerably in time.</p><p>This research is funded by the TH02030428 - „Design of technical measures for slopes stabilization and soil erosion prevention”.</p>

scholarly journals Risiko des Eintrags von Phosphor in den Hallwilersee durch Bodenerosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Müller ◽  
D. Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Soil Samples

Abstract. An important factor in the release of phosphorus by soil erosion, with corresponding consequences on the quality of surface waters, is the formation of aggregates and their stability. Around the eutrophic Lake Hallwil six arable lands were examined in five repetitions regarding aggregate and particle size distribution, P-contents of the different fractions and aggregate stability. Central to this was the use of the setting column for fractionation of soil samples. In the case of Lake Hallwil the risk of phosphorus discharges by soil erosion seems low since the phosphorus is mainly bound in aggregates which are transported over short distances only. Thus other pathways (runoff from grassland, leaching via drains) may be more important.

scholarly journals Size Characteristics of Sediments Eroded under Different Masson Pine Litter Covers in South China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2190
Author(s):  
Fangfang Zhu ◽  
Yuchen Li ◽  
Jinhua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

The particle size distribution characteristics of runoff sediments are vital for understanding the effect of the mechanism of soil erosion on slopes. The objective of this study was to investigate the particle-size distribution of sediments eroded from slopes covered by different litter coverage masses under artificial rainfall simulation. Litter was spread on the surface of a soil tank according to different biomasses (0 g·m−2, 100 g·m−2, 200 g·m−2 and 400 g·m−2). The mean weight diameter (MWD), fractal dimension (D) and enrichment ratio (ER) are characteristic parameters of sediment particle size. The MWD and D were more sensitive to soil erosion and had a significant negative correlation with the slope angle and rainfall intensity. The performance of the MWD on the slope (5°) was less than the MWD on the slope (10°). The relationship between eroded sediment distribution characteristic parameters and the litter coverage mass had a significant influence on the content of coarse particles. The content of fine particles accelerated, decreased and then stabilized, whereas coarse particles increased first and then stabilized. The litter diameter and surface area were the main parameters that affected the MWD and D. Under different rain intensities and slopes, the ER varied inconsistently with litter coverage mass. Coarse particles were eroded easily and selectively, and soil erosion had no sorting effect on fine particles. These findings support the quantitative study of the relationship between the amount of litter coverage mass and the particle size of soil sediments.

scholarly journals The influence of tillage and crops on particle size distribution of water-eroded soil sediment on Stagnosol

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kisic ◽  
I. Bogunovic ◽  
D. Bilandzija
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Soil Sediments

The influences of six different tillage treatments and five different crops on soil losses by water erosion were studied during a twenty-year period (1995–2014) on Stagnosol in central lowland Croatia. The aim of the study was to determine how the quantity of soil sediment, different tillage treatments and crops influence the particle size distribution (PSD) of soil sediment. During the studied period, total number of non-eroded soil samples was 60 and total number of soil sediments samples was 445. Significantly lower amounts of fine sand and higher amounts of clay and silt were determined in sediments compared to the non-eroded soil regardless of cover crop and tillage treatment, with the exception of bare cultivated soil. Generally, when quantities of soil sediments were higher, textural differences between non-eroded and eroded soil were lower. Very week negative correlation was determined between the quantity of soil sediment and the content of clay (r = –0.25) as well as the content of silt (r = –0.23). A very weak positive correlation (r = 0.23) was determined between the content of fine sand and the quantity of soil sediment, while non correlation (r = –0.02) was determined between the content of coarse sand and the quantity of soil sediment.

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