scholarly journals Development cycle 2 of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jöckel ◽  
A. Kerkweg ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
R. Sander ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Second Development ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) is an open, multi-institutional project providing a strategy for developing comprehensive Earth System Models (ESMs) with highly flexible complexity. The first version of the MESSy infrastructure and process submodels, mainly focusing on atmospheric chemistry, has been successfully coupled to an atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) expanding it into an Atmospheric Chemistry GCM (AC-GCM) for nudged simulations and into a Chemistry Climate Model (CCM) for climate simulations. Here, we present the second development cycle of MESSy, which comprises (1) an improved and extended infrastructure for the basemodel independent coupling of process-submodels, (2) new, highly valuable diagnostic capabilities for the evaluation with observational data and (3) an improved atmospheric chemistry setup. With the infrastructural changes, we place the headstone for further model extensions from a CCM towards a comprehensive ESM. The new diagnostic submodels will be used for regular re-evaluations of the continuously further developing model system. The updates of the chemistry setup are briefly evaluated.

scholarly journals Development cycle 2 of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy2)

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1423-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jöckel ◽  
A. Kerkweg ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
R. Sander ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Second Development ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities ◽  
Earth System Models

Abstract. The Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) is an open, multi-institutional project providing a strategy for developing comprehensive Earth System Models (ESMs) with highly flexible complexity. The first version of the MESSy infrastructure and process submodels, mainly focusing on atmospheric chemistry, has been successfully coupled to an atmospheric General Circulation Model (GCM) expanding it into an Atmospheric Chemistry GCM (AC-GCM) for nudged simulations and into a Chemistry Climate Model (CCM) for climate simulations. Here, we present the second development cycle of MESSy, which comprises (1) an improved and extended infrastructure for the basemodel independent coupling of process-submodels, (2) new, highly valuable diagnostic capabilities for the evaluation with observational data and (3) an improved atmospheric chemistry setup. With the infrastructural changes, we place the headstone for further model extensions from a CCM towards a comprehensive ESM. The new diagnostic submodels will be used for regular re-evaluations of the continuously further developing model system. The updates of the chemistry setup are briefly evaluated.

scholarly journals A description of the FAMOUS (version XDBUA) climate model and control run

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Smith ◽  
J. M. Gregory ◽  
A. Osprey
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Cold Bias ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Atmosphere General Circulation Model ◽  
And Control

Abstract. FAMOUS is an ocean-atmosphere general circulation model of low resolution, capable of simulating approximately 120 years of model climate per wallclock day using current high performance computing facilities. It uses most of the same code as HadCM3, a widely used climate model of higher resolution and computational cost, and has been tuned to reproduce the same climate reasonably well. FAMOUS is useful for climate simulations where the computational cost makes the application of HadCM3 unfeasible, either because of the length of simulation or the size of the ensemble desired. We document a number of scientific and technical improvements to the original version of FAMOUS. These improvements include changes to the parameterisations of ozone and sea-ice which alleviate a significant cold bias from high northern latitudes and the upper troposphere, and the elimination of volume-averaged drifts in ocean tracers. A simple model of the marine carbon cycle has also been included. A particular goal of FAMOUS is to conduct millennial-scale paleoclimate simulations of Quaternary ice ages; to this end, a number of useful changes to the model infrastructure have been made.

scholarly journals Evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and ECHAM5/MESSy1 simulations in the lower stratosphere using observations of Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1977-2020
Author(s):  
F. Khosrawi ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
M. H. Proffitt ◽  
R. Ruhnke ◽  
O. Kirner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. 1-year data sets of monthly averaged nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3) derived from satellite measurements were used as a tool for the evaluation of atmospheric photochemical models. Two 1-year data sets, one derived from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS and ILAS-II) and one from the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR) were employed. Here, these data sets are used for the evaluation of two Chemical Transport Models (CTMs), the Karlsruhe Simulation Model of the Middle Atmosphere (KASIMA) and the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) as well as for one Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM), the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1 (E5M1) in the lower stratosphere with focus on the Northern Hemisphere. Since the Odin/SMR measurements cover the entire hemisphere, the evaluation is performed for the entire hemisphere as well as for the low latitudes, midlatitudes and high latitudes using the Odin/SMR 1-year data set as reference. To assess the impact of using different data sets for such an evaluation study we repeat the evaluation for the polar lower stratosphere using the ILAS/ILAS-II data set. Only small differences were found using ILAS/ILAS-II instead of Odin/SMR as a reference, thus, showing that the results are not influenced by the particular satellite data set used for the evaluation. The evaluation of CLaMS, KASIMA and E5M1 shows that all models are in good agreement with Odin/SMR and ILAS/ILAS-II. Differences are generally in the range of ±20%. Larger differences (up to −40%) are found in all models at 500±25 K for N2O mixing ratios greater than 200 ppb. Generally, the largest differences were found for the tropics and the lowest for the polar regions. However, an underestimation of polar winter ozone loss was found both in KASIMA and E5M1 both in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

scholarly journals Aerosol simulation applying high resolution anthropogenic emissions with the EMAC chemistry-climate model

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 25205-25261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pozzer ◽  
A. de Meij ◽  
K. J. Pringle ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
U. M. Doering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Inorganic Aerosols ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Central Atlantic ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

Abstract. The new high resolution global anthropogenic emission inventory (EDGAR-CIRCE) of gas and aerosol pollutants has been incorporated in the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). A high horizontal resolution simulation is performed for the years 2005–2008 to evaluate the capability of the model and the emissions to reproduce observed aerosol concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values. Model output is compared with observations from different measurement networks (CASTNET, EMEP and EANET) and AODs from remote sensing instruments (MODIS and MISR). The model reproduces the main spatial and temporal atmospheric features of the sulfate, ammonium and nitrate aerosol distributions. A good spatial agreement of the distribution of sulfate and ammonium aerosol is found when compared to observations, while calculated nitrate aerosol concentrations show some discrepancies. The simulated temporal development of the inorganic aerosols is in line with measurements of sulfate and nitrate aerosol, while for ammonium aerosol some deviations from observations occur over the USA. The calculated AODs agree well with the satellite observations in most regions, while a negative bias is found for the equatorial area and in the dust outflow regions (i.e. Central Atlantic and Northern Indian Ocean), due to an underestimation of biomass burning and aeolian dust emissions, respectively.

scholarly journals Distributions and regional budgets of aerosols and their precursors simulated with the EMAC chemistry-climate model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pozzer ◽  
A. de Meij ◽  
K. J. Pringle ◽  
H. Tost ◽  
U. M. Doering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

Abstract. The new global anthropogenic emission inventory (EDGAR-CIRCE) of gas and aerosol pollutants has been incorporated in the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). A relatively high horizontal resolution simulation is performed for the years 2005–2008 to evaluate the capability of the model and the emissions to reproduce observed aerosol concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values. Model output is compared with observations from different measurement networks (CASTNET, EMEP and EANET) and AODs from remote sensing instruments (MODIS and MISR). A good spatial agreement of the distribution of sulfate and ammonium aerosol is found when compared to observations, while calculated nitrate aerosol concentrations show some discrepancies. The simulated temporal development of the inorganic aerosols is in line with measurements of sulfate and nitrate aerosol, while for ammonium aerosol some deviations from observations occur over the USA, due to the wrong temporal distribution of ammonia gas emissions. The calculated AODs agree well with the satellite observations in most regions, while negative biases are found for the equatorial area and in the dust outflow regions (i.e. Central Atlantic and Northern Indian Ocean), due to an underestimation of biomass burning and aeolian dust emissions, respectively. Aerosols and precursors budgets for five different regions (North America, Europe, East Asia, Central Africa and South America) are calculated. Over East-Asia most of the emitted aerosols (precursors) are also deposited within the region, while in North America and Europe transport plays a larger role. Further, it is shown that a simulation with monthly varying anthropogenic emissions typically improves the temporal correlation by 5–10% compared to one with constant annual emissions.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Pliocene climate simulations in MRI-CGCM2.3 to respective boundary conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1619-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi Kamae ◽  
Kohei Yoshida ◽  
Hiroaki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Poleward Heat Transport ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Intercomparison Project

Abstract. Accumulations of global proxy data are essential steps for improving reliability of climate model simulations for the Pliocene warming climate. In the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PlioMIP2), a part project of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4, boundary forcing data have been updated from the PlioMIP phase 1 due to recent advances in understanding of oceanic, terrestrial and cryospheric aspects of the Pliocene palaeoenvironment. In this study, sensitivities of Pliocene climate simulations to the newly archived boundary conditions are evaluated by a set of simulations using an atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model, MRI-CGCM2.3. The simulated Pliocene climate is warmer than pre-industrial conditions for 2.4 °C in global mean, corresponding to 0.6 °C warmer than the PlioMIP1 simulation by the identical climate model. Revised orography, lakes, and shrunk ice sheets compared with the PlioMIP1 lead to local and remote influences including snow and sea ice albedo feedback, and poleward heat transport due to the atmosphere and ocean that result in additional warming over middle and high latitudes. The amplified higher-latitude warming is supported qualitatively by the proxy evidences, but is still underestimated quantitatively. Physical processes responsible for the global and regional climate changes should be further addressed in future studies under systematic intermodel and data–model comparison frameworks.

scholarly journals Set-up and preliminary results of mid-Pliocene climate simulations with CAM3.1

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3339-3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yan ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
W. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene warm period (~3.3 to 3.0 Ma BP) is a potential analogue for future climate under global warming. In this study, we use an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) called CAM3.1 to simulate the mid-Pliocene climate with the PRISM3D boundary conditions. The simulations show that the global annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) increases by 2.0 °C in the mid-Pliocene compared with the pre-industrial temperature. The greatest warming mainly occurs in the high latitudes of both hemispheres, with little change in SAT at low latitudes. The equator-to-pole SAT gradient is reduced in the mid-Pliocene simulation. The annual mean precipitation is enhanced by 3.6% of the pre-industrial value. However, the changes in precipitation are greater in low latitudes than high latitudes.

scholarly journals Set-up and preliminary results of mid-Pliocene climate simulations with CAM3.1

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yan ◽  
Z. S. Zhang ◽  
H. J. Wang ◽  
Y. Q. Gao ◽  
W. P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation Model ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Atmospheric General Circulation ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. The mid-Pliocene warm period ~3.264 to 3.025 Ma) is a potential analogue for future climate under global warming. In this study, we use an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) called CAM3.1 to simulate the mid-Pliocene climate with the PRISM3D boundary conditions. The simulations show that the global annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) increases by 2.0 °C in the mid-Pliocene compared with the pre-industrial temperature. The greatest warming occurs at high latitudes of both hemispheres, with little change in SAT at low latitudes. The equator-to-pole SAT gradient is reduced in the mid-Pliocene simulation. The annual mean precipitation is enhanced by 3.6% of the pre-industrial value. However, the changes in precipitation are greater at low latitudes than at high latitudes.

scholarly journals New parameterization of dust emissions in the global atmospheric chemistry-climate model EMAC

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 13237-13298
Author(s):  
M. Astitha ◽  
J. Lelieveld ◽  
M. Abdel Kader ◽  
A. Pozzer ◽  
A. de Meij
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
African Region ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Benchmark Database

Abstract. Airborne desert dust influences radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry and dynamics, as well as nutrient transport and deposition. It directly and indirectly affects climate on regional and global scales. We present two versions of a parameterization scheme to compute desert dust emissions, incorporated into the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy2.41 Atmospheric Chemistry). One uses a globally uniform soil particle size distribution, whereas the other explicitly accounts for different soil textures worldwide. We have tested these schemes and investigated the sensitivity to input parameters, using remote sensing data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and dust concentrations and deposition measurements from the AeroCom dust benchmark database (and others). The two schemes are shown to produce similar atmospheric dust loads in the N-African region, while they deviate in the Asian, Middle Eastern and S-American regions. The dust outflow from Africa over the Atlantic Ocean is accurately simulated by both schemes, in magnitude, location and seasonality. The modelled dust concentrations and deposition fluxes compare well with observations at (island) stations in the Atlantic Ocean and Asia, and are underestimated in the Pacific Ocean where annual means are relatively low (<1 μg m−3). The two schemes perform similarly well, even though the total annual source differs by ~50%, indicating the importance of transport and deposition processes (being the same for the two schemes). Our results emphasize the need to represent arid regions individually and explicitly in global models according to their unique land characteristics and meteorological conditions.

scholarly journals Simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols with the climate model EC-Earth

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1933-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. C. van Noije ◽  
P. Le Sager ◽  
A. J. Segers ◽  
P. F. J. van Velthoven ◽  
M. C. Krol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry

Abstract. We have integrated the atmospheric chemistry and transport model TM5 into the global climate model EC-Earth version 2.4. We present an overview of the TM5 model and the two-way data exchange between TM5 and the integrated forecasting system (IFS) model from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the atmospheric general circulation model of EC-Earth. In this paper we evaluate the simulation of tropospheric chemistry and aerosols in a one-way coupled configuration. We have carried out a decadal simulation for present-day conditions and calculated chemical budgets and climatologies of tracer concentrations and aerosol optical depth. For comparison we have also performed offline simulations driven by meteorological fields from ECMWF's ERA-Interim reanalysis and output from the EC-Earth model itself. Compared to the offline simulations, the online-coupled system produces more efficient vertical mixing in the troposphere, which likely reflects an improvement of the treatment of cumulus convection. The chemistry in the EC-Earth simulations is affected by the fact that the current version of EC-Earth produces a cold bias with too dry air in large parts of the troposphere. Compared to the ERA-Interim driven simulation, the oxidizing capacity in EC-Earth is lower in the tropics and higher in the extratropics. The methane lifetime is 7% higher in EC-Earth, but remains well within the range reported in the literature. We evaluate the model by comparing the simulated climatologies of surface carbon monoxide, tropospheric and surface ozone, and aerosol optical depth against observational data. The work presented in this study is the first step in the development of EC-Earth into an Earth system model with fully interactive atmospheric chemistry and aerosols.

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