scholarly journals Brief communication "Landslide Early Warning System: toolbox and general concepts"

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Intrieri ◽  
G. Gigli ◽  
N. Casagli ◽  
F. Nadim
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
End Users ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Landslide Early Warning

Abstract. We define landslide Early Warning Systems and present practical guidelines to assist end-users with limited experience in the design of landslide Early Warning Systems (EWSs). In particular, two flow chart-based tools coming from the results of the SafeLand project (7th Framework Program) have been created to make them as simple and general as possible and in compliance with a variety of landslide types and settings at single slope scale. We point out that it is not possible to cover all the real landslide early warning situations that might occur, therefore it will be necessary for end-users to adapt the procedure to local peculiarities of the locations where the landslide EWS will be operated.

Development of early warning system for linear engineering - a case study on highway in Sichuan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihua Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Early Warning Model ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Warning Model

<p>For the recent years, highway safety control under extreme natural hazards in China has been facing critical challenges because of the latest extreme climates. Highway is a typical linear project, and neither the traditional single landslide monitoring and early warning model entirely dependent on displacement data, nor the regional meteorological early warning model entirely dependent on rainfall intensity and duration are suitable for it. In order to develop an efficient early warning system for highway safety, the authors have developed an early warning method based on both monitoring data obtained by GNSS and Crack meter, and meteorological data obtained by Radar. This early-warning system is not each of the local landslide early warning systems (Lo-LEWSs) or the territorial landslide early warning systems (Te-LEWSs), but a new system combining both of them. In this system, the minimum warning element is defined as the slope unit which can connect a single slope to the regional ones. By mapping the regional meteorological warning results to each of the slope units, and extending the warning results of the single landslides to the similar slope units, we can realize the organic combination of the two warning methods. It is hopeful to improve the hazard prevention and safety control for highway facilities during critical natural hazards with the progress of this study.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing the performance of regional landslide early warning models: the EDuMaP method

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 6021-6074 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calvello ◽  
L. Piciullo
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Warning Model

Abstract. The paper proposes the evaluation of the technical performance of a regional landslide early warning system by means of an original approach, called EDuMaP method, comprising three successive steps: identification and analysis of the Events (E), i.e. landslide events and warning events derived from available landslides and warnings databases; definition and computation of a Duration Matrix (DuMa), whose elements report the time associated with the occurrence of landslide events in relation to the occurrence of warning events, in their respective classes; evaluation of the early warning model Performance (P) by means of performance criteria and indicators applied to the duration matrix. During the first step, the analyst takes into account the features of the warning model by means of ten input parameters, which are used to identify and classify landslide and warning events according to their spatial and temporal characteristics. In the second step, the analyst computes a time-based duration matrix having a number of rows and columns equal to the number of classes defined for the warning and landslide events, respectively. In the third step, the analyst computes a series of model performance indicators derived from a set of performance criteria, which need to be defined by considering, once again, the features of the warning model. The proposed method is based on a framework clearly distinguishing between local and regional landslide early warning systems as well as among correlation laws, warning models and warning systems. The applicability, potentialities and limitations of the EDuMaP method are tested and discussed using real landslides and warnings data from the municipal early warning system operating in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

scholarly journals Communication architecture of an early warning system

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angermann ◽  
M. Guenther ◽  
K. Wendlandt
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Communication Links

Abstract. This article discusses aspects of communication architecture for early warning systems (EWS) in general and gives details of the specific communication architecture of an early warning system against tsunamis. While its sensors are the "eyes and ears" of a warning system and enable the system to sense physical effects, its communication links and terminals are its "nerves and mouth" which transport measurements and estimates within the system and eventually warnings towards the affected population. Designing the communication architecture of an EWS against tsunamis is particularly challenging. Its sensors are typically very heterogeneous and spread several thousand kilometers apart. They are often located in remote areas and belong to different organizations. Similarly, the geographic spread of the potentially affected population is wide. Moreover, a failure to deliver a warning has fatal consequences. Yet, the communication infrastructure is likely to be affected by the disaster itself. Based on an analysis of the criticality, vulnerability and availability of communication means, we describe the design and implementation of a communication system that employs both terrestrial and satellite communication links. We believe that many of the issues we encountered during our work in the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) on the design and implementation communication architecture are also relevant for other types of warning systems. With this article, we intend to share our insights and lessons learned.

Torrent Monitoring and Early Warning Systems Development

2022 ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Dejan Vasović ◽  
Ratko Ristić ◽  
Muhamed Bajrić
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
National Emergency

The level of sustainability of a modern society is associated with the ability to manage unwanted stressors from the environment, regardless of origin. Torrential floods represent a hydrological hazard whose frequency and intensity have increased in recent years, mainly due to climate changes. In order to effectively manage the risks of torrents, it is necessary to apply early warning systems, since torrential floods are formed very quickly, especially on the watercourses of a small catchment area. The early warning system is part of a comprehensive torrential flood risk management system, seen as a technical entity for the collection, transformation, and rapid distribution of data. Modern early warning systems are the successors of rudimentary methods used in the past, and they are based on ICT and mobile applications developed in relation to the requirements of end users. The chapter presents an analysis of characteristic examples of the use. The main conclusion of the chapter indicates the need to implement early warning systems in national emergency management structures.

KLR Approach as an Early Warning Indicator of Turkish Currency and Banking Crisis in 2000 and 2001

2016 ◽  
pp. 222-239
Author(s):  
Filiz Eryılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Global Growth

International organizations as private sector institutions started to develop Early Warning System [EWS] models aiming to anticipate whether and when individual countries can collide with a financial crisis. EWS models can be made most useful to help sustain global growth and maintain financial stability, especially in light of the lessons learned from the current and past crises. This paper proposes Early Warning Systems (EWS) for Turkish Currency and Banking Crisis in 2000 and 2001. To that end “KLR model” or “signaling window” approach developed by Kaminski, Lorezondo and Reinhart (1998) is testified in the empirical part of this research and applied to a sample of Turkey macroeconomic data for the 1998-2003 monthly periods.

scholarly journals Introduce a Tool to Assess the Understanding of the Early Warning System in High-Risk Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Mehri ◽  
Faeze Sepahi Zoeram ◽  
Fatemeh Majidpour ◽  
Zainab Anbari Nogyni ◽  
Reza Jafari Nodoushan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Spearman Test

Background: Although early warning system processes follow precise models and scenarios, the human part is not fully understood. Most people before and during crises, act according to their interpretive plans, sometimes when the situation may not be dangerous, but can lead to dangerous reactions. The purpose of this study was to provide an indicator that can be used to assess people's understanding of early warning systems. Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2019 in a gas refinery in Iran. In the first step, the Perception Index questionnaire was translated into Persian with the help of English language experts. In the next step, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. The questionnaires were distributed and completed among 168 refinery personnel. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were determined by statistical tests. Results: The content validity index was 0.8, and the content validity ratio was 0.66. The general index of perception of the rapid warning system in this industry was 71.74 percent. Pearson correlation test did not show a significant correlation between age and perception index (r = 0.060), and also this test showed a positive correlation between perception index and work experience (r = 0.691). Spearman test was used to examine the relationship between two variables of education level and perception index. The results showed that there was a strong correlation between these two variables (rho = 0.746). Conclusion: The results showed that the perception index in this questionnaire has high validity and reliability and can be used in high-risk industries. The general perception index gained in this industry was in good condition, which means that people are more likely to be well aware at the time of an accident and will behave appropriately. However, it is suggested that the managers of the industry understudy hold training classes related to the early warning systems, hold emergency maneuvers, and familiarize the personnel with different scenarios.  

scholarly journals Snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) for integrated use in regional scale landslide early warning systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1229-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Martelloni ◽  
S. Segoni ◽  
D. Lagomarsino ◽  
R. Fanti ◽  
F. Catani
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Optimal Values

Abstract. We propose a simple snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) to be applied at regional scale in conjunction with landslide warning systems based on empirical rainfall thresholds. SAMM is based on two modules modelling the snow accumulation and the snowmelt processes. Each module is composed by two equations: a conservation of mass equation is solved to model snowpack thickness and an empirical equation for the snow density. The model depends on 13 empirical parameters, whose optimal values were defined with an optimisation algorithm (simplex flexible) using calibration measures of snowpack thickness. From an operational point of view, SAMM uses as input data only temperature and rainfall measurements, bringing about the additional benefit of a relatively easy implementation. After performing a cross validation and a comparison with two simpler temperature index models, we simulated an operational employment in a regional scale landslide early warning system (EWS) and we found that the EWS forecasting effectiveness was substantially improved when used in conjunction with SAMM.

scholarly journals Utilization of Mosque as A Part of Early Warning Systems to Reduce Flood Damage in Samarinda City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyan Benny Sukmara ◽  
Ray Shyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The Impact

Samarinda City is one of the most attractive cities in Borneo Island (Indonesia) and also as a capital city of EastBorneo Province. The expansion of urban areas becomes essential due to rapid population and housing demand. Base on the statistical report, the annual population growth rate is 0.018% from the year 2016-2017 with a total population of 843446 inhabitants. Many natural disasters occur in some areas in this city, especially flooding. This natural disaster occurs almost every year, many people suffered and forced to evacuate. In 2018 there is 3 flood event with 28311 people was suffered and evacuated, and 5170 houses were flooded [1]. During the flood event, it was very possible to gain damages to their property and make traffic stuck. One common way to reducing the damages is using Early Warning Systems (EWS). Early warning is a major element for disaster risk reduction, including damages. To prevent and mitigate the impact of a disaster, many countries had taken action to build various methods of a public warning system. An effective early warning system focused on people-centered and comprises the following element, such as risk knowledge, technical monitoring and service, communication and dissemination of warnings, and community response capability [2]. Related to the existing condition which Samarinda is a Muslim-dominated city and obviously has a lot of a number of mosques. This is a good potency to develop an early warning system because every mosque has a loudspeaker for echoing Adzan (Muslim prayer-calling). With this existing condition, the loudspeaker can be utilized as a flood outdoor-voice warning announcer. The aim of this study is to briefly introduce the strategy of dissemination early warning by utilizing mosques. The hope of early warning dissemination is giving enough time to the people to evacuate their property to reduce damages and possibly to giving information to avoiding traffic stuck (in a certain location)due to flooding. The results of this study can be used as input for decision-makers to develop effective flood management strategies and policies, especially in the case of an early warning system where not well-developed in Samarinda.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Early Warning Methods of Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03084
Author(s):  
Song-nian Hu ◽  
Xiao Cheng ◽  
Dan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Major epidemics of infectious diseases will not only endanger people’s lives and property, but also cause panic and social unrest. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish an infectious disease early warning system and take effective measures in time to prevent infectious disease outbreaks. The article summarizes the relevant definitions of infectious disease early warning system, domestic and foreign development status, infectious disease early warning models and methods, and aims to provide references for the establishment of infectious disease early warning systems.

Early Warning System Framework Proposal Based on Structured Analytical Techniques, SNA, and Fuzzy Expert System for Different Industries

Fuzzy Systems ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 202-234
Author(s):  
Goran Klepac ◽  
Robert Kopal ◽  
Leo Mrsic
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Expert System ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Single Data ◽  
Set Up

Early warning systems are made with purpose to efficiently recognize deviant and potentially dangerous trends related to company business as early as possible and with significant relevance. There are numerous ways to set up early warning systems within company. Those solutions are often based on single data mining methods, and they rarely provide the holistic and qualitative approach needed in modern market uncertainty conditions. This chapter gives a novel concept for early warning system design within company, applicable in different industries. The core of the proposed framework is hybrid fuzzy expert system, which can contain a variety of data mining predictive models responsible for some specific areas in addition to traditional rule blocks. It can also include social network analysis metrics based on linguistic variables and incorporated within rule blocks. As part of this framework, SNA methods are also explained and introduced as a very powerful and unique tool to be used in modern early warning systems.

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