Simplified Closed Form Numerical Approaches to Predict Natural Rubber Behavior under Sulfur Curing in Standard Rheometer Tests

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brotto ◽  
Gabriele Milani ◽  
Federico Milani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Numerical Approaches ◽  
Sulfur Curing

Characterization of the Reversion Process in Accelerated Sulfur Curing of Natural Rubber

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Chen ◽  
J. L. Koenig ◽  
J. R. Shelton ◽  
E. A. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Rubber Vulcanizate ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Vulcanization Process ◽  
Sulfur Curing

Abstract From studies of a series of accelerated sulfur vulcanizations of natural rubber, the structural basis of the reversion in macroscopic physical-mechanical properties has been determined. The amount of chemically induced trans-methine butadiene-like structure increases as the reversion process proceeds. When there is no observable reversion, there is no detectable trans-methine butadiene-like structure. The presence of the trans-methine butadiene-like structure is detrimental to the properties of the natural rubber vulcanizate. The vulcanization process involves two competing processes, namely, crosslinking and desulfuration. The latter process produces the trans-methine structure which is responsible for the reversion in properties.

Effects of Tourmaline Concentration on Natural Rubber Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Phittinun Chayaphan ◽  
Rapeephun Dangtungee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
High Density ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Potassium Oleate ◽  
Sulfur Curing ◽  
Batch Foaming

Natural rubber foam/tourmaline composite was prepared from natural rubber latex and vulcanized by sulfur curing system. Tourmaline powder was dispersed in potassium oleate before foaming production. The batch foaming production was used in this research. In order to investigate the effects of tourmaline concentration in natural rubber foam, mechanical properties, microstructure, and thermal skin temperature analysis were performed. Increasing of tourmaline concentration affected on high density and small microstructure of natural rubber foam, and the increasing of skin temperature. EDS result confirmed the good distribution of tourmaline powder in natural foam.

Magnetic composites based on natural rubber prepared by using peroxide and sulfur curing system

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kruželák ◽  
Richard Sýkora ◽  
Rastislav Dosoudil ◽  
Ivan Hudec
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Magnetic Composites ◽  
Sulfur Curing

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. B. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

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