Branchial Sinus with Cyst - Two Case Reports with Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 375-377
Author(s):  
Ashoka Nand Thakur ◽  
Priyambada .
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Branchial Cyst ◽  
Branchial Sinus ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft

Branchial cleft anomalies are well described, with the second arch anomaly being the commonest. Remains of cervical sinus of His may persist as a branchial cyst. A branchial sinus is formed when 2nd branchial arch fails to meet the 5th pharyngeal arch. Peak age for presentation of branchial cysts is in the third decade and that of the congenital sinuses and fistulae is at birth. The association of a branchial cyst with branchial sinus is very rare. We are presenting two cases had branchial cyst along with branchial sinus. It was managed successfully with complete excision. Histopathological examination confirmed the association. Keywords: Branchial Sinus, Branchial cyst,

scholarly journals Branchial Cyst in the Parapharyngeal Space: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Iyad Said Hamadi ◽  
Lubna Lutfi ◽  
Asma Anan Mohammed ◽  
Zahr Alkhadem
Keyword(s):  
Branchial Arch ◽  
External Carotid Artery ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Branchial Cyst ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
The Right

Branchial cleft cysts are congenital anomalies that most commonly arise from a failure of fusion of the second branchial arch during embryonic life. They usually present as a swelling in the lateral side of the neck, below the mandible. In this article, we present a case of a 28-year-old female patient with a right branchial cyst measuring 7 × 6 × 5 cm, who presented with an asymptomatic, rapidly growing mass in the right anterior triangle of the neck that abutted the right external carotid artery, leading to stenosis of the vessel that is preceded by dilatation above the site of compression. She underwent excision of the cystic mass with preservation of the facial nerve and presented no active complaints on follow-up a few weeks postoperatively.

Branchial cleft and pouch anomalies

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Ford ◽  
A. Balakrishnan ◽  
J. N. G. Evans ◽  
C. M. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Neck Swelling ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Sick Children

AbstractWe present a retrospective study of 106 patients with branchial cleft and pouch anomalies who presented to the Hospital for Sick Children between 1948 and 1990. The relevant embryology of the branchial apparatus is summarized and a theoretical description of individual anomalies given.Second branchial cleft sinuses were the most common anomalies, and the majority were managed simply, with adequate excision and a low recurrence rate. Five cases of first branchial cleft anomalies are presented, emphasizing the delay in diagnosis, the need for complete excision to prevent recurrence, and for a parotidectomy incision to protect the facial nerve from damage. The two third branchial pouch anomalies presented with a cystic neck swelling, one with recurrent infection and discharge, and the other with stridor. In both, the diagnosis was made at operation. The single fourth branchial pouch cyst was an unexpected finding in a patient with stridor.

scholarly journals The presence of an embryonic opercular flap in amniotes

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1727) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Richardson ◽  
Takanori Shono ◽  
Masataka Okabe ◽  
Anthony Graham
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Bony Fish ◽  
Pharyngeal Arch ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Orthologous Genes ◽  
Amphibian Metamorphosis ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft

The operculum is a large flap consisting of several flat bones found on the side of the head of bony fish. During development, the opercular bones form within the second pharyngeal arch, which expands posteriorly and comes to cover the gill-bearing arches. With the evolution of the tetrapods and the assumption of a terrestrial lifestyle, it was believed that the operculum was lost. Here, we demonstrate that an embryonic operculum persists in amniotes and that its early development is homologous with that of teleosts. As in zebrafish, the second pharyngeal arch of the chick embryo grows disproportionately and comes to cover the posterior arches. We show that the developing second pharyngeal arch in both chick and zebrafish embryos express orthologous genes and require shh signalling for caudal expansion. In amniotes, however, the caudal edge of the expanded second arch fuses to the surface of the neck. We have detailed how this process occurs and also demonstrated a requirement for thyroid signalling here. Our results thus demonstrate the persistence of an embryonic opercular flap in amniotes, that its fusion mirrors aspects of amphibian metamorphosis and gives insights into the origin of branchial cleft anomalies in humans.

Bilateral Pharyngoceles (Branchial Cleft Anomalies?) and Endoscopic Surgical Considerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Y. Chang ◽  
Julia A. Furdyna
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
Branchial Sinus ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Open Versus

A case report of bilateral pharyngoceles without a history of elevated intrapharyngeal pressures is used to support the hypothesis that pharyngoceles may be an adult manifestation of an internal branchial sinus anomaly. The development of a pharyngocele from a branchial sinus origin would suggest a predictable relationship to the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, and superior laryngeal nerves, which may influence the choice of surgical approach (open versus endoscopic) and the counseling of patients who are considering surgical correction.

scholarly journals Branchio-otic syndrome: An opportunity to reassess the paediatric anaesthetists’ approach to the difficult syndromic airway

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
L Indiveri ◽  
AN Mohamed ◽  
A Milner
Keyword(s):  
Airway Management ◽  
Difficult Airway ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Flexible Bronchoscope ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Bag Mask Ventilation

Branchio-oto-renal spectrum disorders are rare genetic entities with variable penetrance and concurrently display a wide phenotypic variation. A common issue to syndromic children is a propensity for difficult bag-mask ventilation, intubation or both. Unfortunately, there is no uniformity of this challenge, assessment strategy or management plan. This case with features of branchio-otic syndrome provided the opportunity to examine several aspects of paediatric anaesthetic airway management. The child was booked for branchial cyst removal but appeared to have other features of abnormal branchial cleft development. An outline of the executed anaesthetic plan is presented and discussed. Three different techniques were sequentially tried in this patient before the airway was secured. Various case reports in the literature inconsistently describe easy to very difficult airway management in children with branchio-oto-renal spectrum disorders. Branchial arch dysgenesis is almost always associated with difficult direct laryngoscopy. There is undoubtedly no singular way to ideally manage a child with a difficult airway. Many tools for difficult airways are available. However, despite the improvement of difficult paediatric airway equipment, it would appear that for the anaesthetist the flexible bronchoscope remains an indispensable tool.

scholarly journals Anomalies of branchial cleft: our experience and review of literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Neha Sisodiya Shenoy ◽  
Charu Tiwari ◽  
Suraj Gandhi ◽  
Pankaj Dwivedi ◽  
Hemanshi Shah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Definitive Surgery

Background: Anomalies of branchial arches are uncommon anomalies of embryonic development and may present as cysts, sinus tracts, fistulae or cartilaginous remnants. We describe our experience with 30 children with branchial cleft anomalies.Methods: Case records of all patients were retrospectively reviewed and analysed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, duration of symptoms, investigations, management and follow up. All patients underwent complete excision of the tract/cyst.Results: There were 15 males and 15 females (ratio of 1:1). The average age of presentation was 5 years. Majority of the patients presented with discharging sinuses (n=26). Twenty-six patients had branchial sinuses, three patients had branchial cysts and one had pyriform fistula. The anomalies were lateralized to left side in 17 patients (56.66%), right side in 11 patients (36.66%) and bilateral in 2 patients (0.066%). Complete excision was done in all patients. Four patients presented with abscesses and required incision and drainage. Definitive surgery was done after 6 weeks. There were no complications.Conclusions: Abnormal development of branchial apparatus lead to formation of different anomalies which remain asymptomatic and present later in life as cysts, sinuses or fistulae in neck. Diagnosis is mostly clinical and complete excision provides definitive cure.

scholarly journals Presentation of Branchial Cleft Anomalies: Case Reports and Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
TS Rao ◽  
Bikash Pandey ◽  
Chhanya Bhandary ◽  
Prashant Bhatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
First Case ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
Branchial Fistula ◽  
Lateral Neck Swelling

Type 2 branchial cleft anomalies are the most common cause of lateral neck swelling. We report two cases of type 2 branchial cleft anomalies. The first case is branchial cleft cyst and the second one is branchial fistula. Both cases were managed surgically. The post operative outcomes were uneventful. Second branchial cleft anomalies are the most common branchial anomalies. Branchial cysts are more common than sinuses and branchial fistulae are extremely rare. There is no gender predilection. The location, clinical symptoms and imaging findings aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.Keywords: branchial cleft; branchial cyst; branchial fistula.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Findings of Complete Branchial Cleft Fistula

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132095648
Author(s):  
Jackson King ◽  
Brian Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Tonsillar Fossa ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft

Branchial cleft anomalies are embryonic remnants of the branchial arches and are described as the second most common congenital neck mass. Depending on their extent, these anomalies are classified as a cyst, sinus, or fistula with branchial cysts being the most common. Branchial cysts deriving from the second branchial arch are by far the most common, accounting for approximately 95% of all cases. Complete second branch arch fistulas with both an internal and external opening are a rare variant of this anomaly, and even less have been well-documented on computed tomography (CT) imaging in the literature. We present here a case of a 20-year-old female with CT findings consistent with a complete second branchial arch fistula extending from the tonsillar fossa to the external lateral neck.

scholarly journals An unusual presentation of branchial cyst mimicking carotid body tumor

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3561
Author(s):  
Tharun Ganapathy C. ◽  
Abinayaah Suresh ◽  
Manimaran P.
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Body ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cyst ◽  
Branchial Cyst ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
Branchial Cleft Anomalies ◽  
Branchial Cleft

Branchial cleft anomalies are a common cause of lateral neck masses and may present with infection, cyst enlargement or fistulae. Abscesses and necrotic adenopathy can also be difficult to distinguish from a branchial cyst, particularly if it has previously been infected. Here we report an unusual presentation, a case of a branchial cleft cyst in a 19-year old girl completely encasing the carotid bifurcation and encircling the hypoglossal nerve mimicking a carotid body tumour

scholarly journals A Case Report of Yolk Sac Tumor in Cerebellar Hemisphere and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
Lusheng Li ◽  
Ling He
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Yolk sac tumor also known as endodermal sinus tumor, is a rare intracranial germ cell tumor. We reported a case of yolk sac tumor in cerebellar hemisphere, and reviewed associated literatures. The majority of tumor locations are near the midline. On review of literature, very few case reports of intracranial yolk sac tumor have been published, and there is only one case report has described a yolk sac tumor arising from the cerebellum. Case presentation: A two years old boy admitted to our hospital due to headache and unsteady gait for six days. CT and MRI demonstrated a tumor in the right cerebellar hemisphere, and the blood and cerebrospinal fluid alpha-fetoprotein were found increased. It was diagnosed as yolk sac tumor after operation comfirmed by histopathological examination. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed, and the patient suffered no tumor recurrence one year and a half after the surgery. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics and imaging diagnosis of intracranial yolk sac tumor are lack of specificity, the comfirmed diagnosis is depending on the combination of elevated alpha-fetoprotein and histopathological examination.

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