GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BODY SELF-RELATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ranjini Karthikeyan ◽  
Amiya Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Individual

Body self-relation is a multidimensional construct defined by persons" perceptions of and attitudes about their body. Body image does not simply reflect the biological enrichment of the individual or the feedback received from the significant others. The way you perceive about your body is your cognitive body image. This can lead to excessive concern with body shape and weight. Behaviors in which you relate as a result of your body image encompass your behavioral body image. A study based on the gender differences in body relation relating to young adults rating the comparison in perception of both male and female data. Hundred participants of both male and female took part in answering the by Multidimensional body selfrelations questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS). Results demonstrated by Mann Whitney U test revealed that there is significant difference between male and female young adults in their relation to body self, p<0.05, (2- tailed) in appearance orientation. There is no statistical sig.>0.05 differences in the other dimensions. Therefore, this study rejects the null hypothesis in (dimension) appearance orientation and accepts the null hypothesis (dimensions) in appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight. Keywords: body self-relation; gender differences

scholarly journals Sexting, rejection sensitivity and social motivation among dating and non-dating young adults: a comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiksha Jain ◽  
Nilaksha Sen ◽  
Kavya Suri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Rejection Sensitivity ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

Sexting is an indicator of sexual conduct. The prevalence of sexting is increasing with every passing day. However, there appears to be minimal literature in existence for a rather popular concept among the youth in present times. This study aims to learn about the gender differences in sexting behaviours along with the dominance of the same in dating and non-dating young adults. It also identifies the prospective repercussions associated with sexting, consensual or otherwise. The study involved 200 working and non-working, heterosexual male and female participants between the age of 18 and 30 years. A survey including Sexual Behaviour Scale, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, and Social Motivation Questionnaire was administered. Results showed that there exists a significant positive correlation between sexting behaviour and rejection sensitivity. Conversely, there is no correlation between sexting behaviour and social motivation. In addition to this, there exists a significant difference in sexting behaviours between the genders, although, there is no significant difference in sexting behaviours on the grounds of relationship status. Therefore, it is observed that higher the sexting behaviour, higher is the rejection sensitivity. Moreover, there is also a fluctuation in sexting behaviour with a difference in gender but no difference in sexting behaviours with variations in relationship status.

Self perceived oro-facial behaviour and malocclusion among young adults in Hyderabad city

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasari Tejaswini ◽  
Suhas Kulkarni ◽  
Dolar Doshi ◽  
Adepu Srilatha
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAesthetic alterations in the face can be self-perceived and can affect quality of life in young adults.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of malocclusion on self- perceived oro-facial behaviour among young adults.MethodsA Cross sectional study was conducted among 638 young adults (aged 18–21 years) of Hyderabad city. One college from each of the five zones of the Hyderabad city (five colleges) were selected by simple random sampling procedure. A 21-item Oro-facial investment scale (OFIS) questionnaire assessing self-perceived oral health knowledge, attitude, practice and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) assessing the severity of malocclusion was used. Data were analysed with standard statistical software (SPSS, Statistical package for the social sciences, version 20.0). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMales had higher mean scores for knowledge (2.90 ± 0.49) than females (2.73 ± 0.82) and was statistically significant (p = 0.002*). No statistically significant gender differences were found in relation to attitude and practice. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a significant difference in all the three scores (knowledge, attitude, practice) with respect to age, with significantly high score for knowledge and practice among 18 year old subjects (p = 0.0001*; p = 0.0003* respectively) and attitude among 21 year old subjects (p = 0.0049*). No statistically significant age, gender differences were found in relation to DAI scores. Upon correlation, DAI significantly and positively correlated with knowledge (p = 0.03*) and attitude (p = 0.0001*).ConclusionThis study has shown significant impact of malocclusion on the self-perceived oro-facial behaviour.

scholarly journals Genetic homozygosity as a marker of smoking dependency

Genetika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019
Author(s):  
Slavko Brankovic ◽  
Dejan Nikolic ◽  
Dragoslav Marinkovic ◽  
Suzana Cvjeticanin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

The aim of our study was to evaluate the morphogenetic variability as a marker of smoking dependency in adult smokers versus controls and to investigate the presence and the degree of morphogenetic variability difference between male and female smokers versus same gender controls. The cross-sectional study evaluated 241 smokers and 185 nonsmoker individuals as controls. We analyzed 17 homozygous recessive characteristics (HRC). There was a significant difference in the individual variations of 17 HRCs between the controls and smokers (??2=61.400, p<0.001; for females ??2=79.440, p<0.001; for males ??2=84.972, p<0.001). The mean values of HRCs significantly differed between smokers and controls (MV?SEM(Controls) -4.79?0.13, MV?SEM(Smokers) -5.70?0.12; p<0.001). For males, presence of 6/17 (35.29% genetic homozygosity) HRCs (OR=6.12) was to the certain degree predictor for smoking dependency. Higher degree of genetic homozygosity, changed variability and male gender, might be some among potential numerous factors that could have impact on smoking development and dependence.

scholarly journals Does gender matter in doctor–patient communication during standard gynaecological consultations? An analysis using mixed methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Mazzi ◽  
Michela Rimondini ◽  
Myriam Deveugele ◽  
Christa Zimmermann ◽  
Giuseppe Deledda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Gender Similarities ◽  
The Individual

This paper assesses whether gender plays a role when male and female participants discuss the quality of doctor–patient communication in gynaecological consultations. A European multi-centre study was conducted comprising 259 participants in 35 gender- and country-specific focus groups. In all focus groups, a set of four videotaped Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) consultations was used as a prompt for discussion. The doctors’ ability in communication was assessed by participants’ ratings and by a quantified content analysis of their comments, using a mixed-method approach. Gender analysis was performed applying a set of generalized linear regression models. The findings indicated that gender differences were smaller than expected. The individual ratings of the overall quality of communication were similar for male and female participants, and there were hardly any differences in the content of the discussions. The only two exceptions were that female doctors were criticized more than male doctors when they made impersonal comments and that female participants were more outspoken than men, positively and negatively. The prevalence of gender similarities suggests that doctors’ empathy, support, understanding and pleasantness are highly appreciated by both male and female participants and appear to transcend gender differences.

Gender difference in arsenic biotransformation is an important metabolic basis for arsenic toxicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maihaba Muhetaer ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Rongxiang Xia ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Background: There are gender differences in the biotransformation of arsenic. We investigated the effects of gender differences on arsenic metabolism and arsenic toxicity mechanisms in rat liver tissues. Methods: Rats were treated with different amounts of arsenic compounds. Arsenic form MMA and DMA in the liver was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. SAM, ARR, NAD, PNP, PK, and MPO in rat liver were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RT-qPCR was used to determine AS3MT in the liver. Results: Compared with male and female animals in the same group, MMA and DMA were statistically significant in the three groups of iAs3 + high, iAs3 + medium and iAs5+ low (P <0.05). The MMA of male rats in iAs3+ high and medium groups was higher than that of female rats, and the DMA of male rats was lower than that of female rats. As3MT mRNA in the male iAs3+ high group was higher than that of females. Besides, compared between male and female, only in iAS3+ low dose, iAS3+ medium dose, iAS5+ low dose, and iAS5+ medium dose groups, there was significant difference in SAM level (P<0.05). Compared with male and female animals in the same group, male rats had significantly higher PNP and ARR activities while lower PK activity than female rats (P<0.05). Between the male and female groups, only the iAS3+ high dose and medium dose group had a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The NAD activity of females in iAS3+ high dose group was higher than that of males. Conclusion: Conclusively, under the same arsenic exposure, there were gender differences between female and male rats, and arsenic metabolism was more cytotoxic to male rats than to females.

Intergenerational links, gender differences, and determinants of self-employment

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongxu Wu ◽  
Zhongmin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Intergenerational Links ◽  
The Individual

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of self-employment, using data from the British Household Panel Survey. Design/methodology/approach – Using the maximum likelihood estimation, the authors estimate the Probit models via disaggregation of the sample by male and female, and inclusion of regional and industrial controls. Findings – This paper finds that the intergenerational links in self-employment run significantly through father-son, and mother-daughter. In addition, the authors find that lump-sum endowment, aspiration, marriage and education attainment are all significant and positive determinants for female self-employed while insignificant for male self-employed. Variables including number of children, health of the individual, and age effect are more important determinants for male than for female self-employed. Research limitations/implications – The findings show that there are significant differences between male and female self-employed. Future studies on self-employment should therefore distinguish the two genders in their econometric models. Originality/value – The authors reinforce and add to the exiting literature on gender differences in the determinants of self-employment. The authors disaggregate the data by gender, and introduce some important variables for empirical studies, such as father self-employed, mother self-employed, aspiration, health of the individual, and age effect.

Analysis of the NWAA Swimming Classification System

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale M. Gehlsen ◽  
Joan Karpuk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Class V ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Classification ◽  
Post Hoc

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the National Wheelchair Athletic Association (NWAA) classification system in swimming events. The NWAA records of freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke in nine classifications of both male and female athletes were used (N=1,256). Each athlete’s speed was calculated from the reported time and distance. There was a significant difference in classification for all events except the paraplegic 50- and 100-m backstroke events. Post hoc data analyses within classification for the 50- and 100-m freestyle events indicated significant differences among all paraplegic classifications. Post hoc data analyses within classifications for the 50-m butterfly event indicated significant differences among all paraplegic classes except Class V and Class VI athletes. Tetraplegic within classification post hoc data analyses indicated significant differences between 1A and both Classes 1B and 1C. Gender differences were statistically indicated for all events. The logic of the medical classification system of the NWAA cannot be totally supported by these data. However, the results do not offer clear direction for any combination of classes.

The Influence of Early Parents' Death on Manifestations of Depressive Symptoms among Young Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuka Mike Ifeagwazi ◽  
Ndili Obieze
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enugu State

This study investigated the influence of early parents' death on manifestations of depressive symptoms among young adults. One hundred students, consisting of 50 orphans (20 male and 30 female) and 50 non-orphans (20 male and 30 female) drawn from 10 secondary schools in Nsukka area of Enugu State, participated in the study. Each student was individually administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is a self-report assessment device consisting of 21 items designed to tap the affective, cognitive, motivational, and somatic symptomatology of depression. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data to test the two hypotheses of the study. Results showed that the orphans reported significantly higher depressive symptoms than the non-orphans ( p < .001). There was no significant difference in depressive symptoms reported by male and female subjects. It was concluded from the study that the early loss of both parents through death could predispose an individual to develop some emotional difficulties such as depression later in adult life.

scholarly journals Gender differences in vascular function and insulin sensitivity in young adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Dengel ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
Julia Steinberger ◽  
Antoinette M. Moran ◽  
Alan R. Sinaiko
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

To examine influence of insulin resistance and other clinical risk factors for the MetS (metabolic syndrome) on vascular structure and function in young adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of young adults (mean age 22 years) and their siblings participating in a longitudinal study of cardiovascular risk (n=370). Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycaemic insulin clamp. EDD (endothelium-dependent dilation) was determined by flow-mediated dilation using high-resolution ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery. EID (endothelium-independent dilation) was determined by NTG (nitroglycerine)-mediated dilation. The diameter and cIMT (intima–media thickness) of the carotid artery were also measured. There was no significant difference between males and females for age or body mass index. However, males had significantly higher glucose and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels, while the females had significantly higher HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and insulin sensitivity (13.00±0.33 compared with 10.71±0.31 mg·kg−1 of lean body mass·min−1, P<0.0001). Although peak EDD was significantly lower (6.28±0.26 compared with 8.50±0.28%, P<0.0001) in males than females, this difference was largely explained by adjustment for brachial artery diameter (P=0.15). Peak EID also was significantly lower in males than females (20.26±0.44 compared with 28.64±0.47%, P<0.0001), a difference that remained significantly lower after adjustment for brachial artery diameter. Males had a significantly greater cIMT compared with females (females 0.420±0.004 compared with males 0.444±0.004 mm, P=0.01), but when adjusted for carotid diameter, there was no significant difference (P=0.163). Although there were gender differences in vascular function and structure in the young adult population examined in this study, many of the differences were eliminated simply by adjusting for artery diameter. However, the lower EID observed in males could not be explained by artery diameter. Future studies need to continue to examine influence of gender on EID and other measures of vascular function.

scholarly journals Correlation between the distance of maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla in different arch form

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ateyya Natasha Mohd Zali ◽  
Rasmi Rikmasari ◽  
Hasna Dziab
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Arch Form ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arch Forms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gender Factor

In edentulous treatment, relocation of anterior teeth in the preexisting natural position is the utmost importance. It is necessary to refer to the significant anatomical landmarks, one of them is incisive papilla. To make it more efficient both functionally and biologically, the teeth were arranged in particular geometric manner known as a dental arch. The author has chosen to conducted the research among the Malay race represented by the Malay undergraduate students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the distance of maxillary central incisors and incisive papilla (CI-IP) in different arch form and gender. Maxillary impressions of 34 dentate individuals were taken, and the measurements were performed using a digital caliper. The results showed the CI-IP distance was ranging between 7.65 to 9.90 mm, with the average of 8.77 mm. There was no significant difference of the CI-IP distance between male and female regardless of their arch forms (p>0.05). Individuals with ovoid and tapered arch form, however, showed a significant difference of the CI-IP distance between male and female (p<0.05). Meanwhile, Individuals with square arch form showed no significant difference of the CI-IP distance between male and female (p>0.05). It can be concluded that gender factor was irrelevant towards the CI-IP distance regardless of the individual arch form. However, there was a correlation between the CI-IP distance in different arch forms in both male and female sample.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document