scholarly journals Classical and Modern Methods for Characterization of Ornamental Crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. DATTA ◽  
D. Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Modern Methods ◽  
Ornamental Crops

Baustoffanalyse mit Infrarotspektroskopie / Analysis of building materials by infrared spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
R. Salzer ◽  
R. Lunkwitz ◽  
T. Braun ◽  
M. Mühle
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Abstract Modern methods of instrumental analysis provide very convenient ways to characterize building materials. At present, wet chemical procedures are still in use not only for sample preparation but also for the real investigation. Raster electron microsopy and x-ray diffraction are the preferred instrumental methods of analysis in many places. In this review the high potential of optical molecular spectroscopy for characterization of building materials will be demonstrated by typical examples. Extensive series of wet chemical analysis may be substituted even by a single IR spectroscopic measurement combined with modern procedures of chemometric data evaluation.

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytophthora spp. Isolated from Ornamental Plants in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimin S. Patel ◽  
Anne Vitoreli ◽  
Aaron J. Palmateer ◽  
Ashraf El-Sayed ◽  
David J. Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Ornamental Crops

This report investigates population structure and genetic variability of Phytophthora spp. isolated from botanically diverse plants in Florida. Internal transcribed spacer-based molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that Phytophthora isolates recovered from ornamental plants in Florida represent a genetically diverse population and that a majority of the isolates belong to Phytophthora nicotianae (73.2%), P. palmivora (18.7%), P. tropicalis (4.9%), P. katsurae (2.4%), and P. cinnamomi (0.8%). Mating type analyses revealed that most isolates were heterothallic, consisting of both mating type A1 (25.2%) and mating type A2 (39.0%), and suggesting that they could outcross. Fungicide sensitivity assays determined that several isolates were moderate to completely insensitive to mefenoxam. In addition, several isolates were also moderately insensitive to additional fungicides with different modes of action. However, correlation analyses did not reveal occurrence of fungicide cross-resistance. These studies suggest that a genetically diverse Phytophthora population infects ornamental crops and the occurrence of mefenoxam-insensitive Phytophthora populations raises concerns about disease management in ornamentals. Mitigating fungicide resistance will require prudent management strategies, including tank mixes and rotation of chemicals with different modes of actions.

Modern Methods for the Microscopic Characterization of ZnO Varistor Grain Boundaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
N. Raidl ◽  
B. Sartory ◽  
P. Supancic ◽  
R. Danzer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Zno Varistor ◽  
Modern Methods

Modern Methods for Characterization of Social Networks through Network Models

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Christine M. Schubert Kabban ◽  
Fairul Mohd-Zaid ◽  
Richard F. Deckro
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Modern Methods

scholarly journals Characterization of high fludioxonil resistance in Botrytis cinerea isolates from calibrachoa flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Dowling ◽  
Jhulia Gelain ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio ◽  
Guido Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
The United States ◽  
Osmotic Sensitivity ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Fitness Parameter

The fungicide fludioxonil is one of the most effective single-site fungicides available for managing flower blight caused by Botrytis cinerea on fruit and ornamental crops. Though low and moderate levels of resistance to fludioxonil have been reported in the pathogen across the United States and Europe, high resistance has only been reported from greenhouses in China. In this study, two B. cinerea isolates with high resistance (EC50 >100 µg/mL) to fludioxonil were detected on ornamental calibrachoa flowers grown in a greenhouse. These isolates exhibited stable resistance for over 20 generations, produced symptoms on calibrachoa flowers sprayed with label rates of fludioxonil, and displayed in vitro fitness penalties with decreased mycelial growth (p<0.0001) and sporulation (p<0.0001) compared to sensitive isolates. Highly resistant isolates were identified as MDR1h, containing the ΔLV497 deletion in mrr1. However, resistance levels and in vitro fitness parameter characteristics were not consistent with this phenotype. One isolate contained the mutation L267V between HAMP domains 1 and 2 of the Bos-1 gene, and both isolates exhibited high osmotic sensitivity and reduced glycerol accumulation in the presence of fludioxonil, indicating that high resistance of these isolates may be associated with the HOG1 MAPK pathway.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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