Antimicrobial efficacy of QMix on Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals: a systematic review of in vitro studies

Recurrent endodontic infections of treated teeth are mainly linked to microbial persistency in the root canal system. Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that is often identified in these recurrent infections. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a widely used root canal medicament and is now being developed to be produced from natural materials. Ca(OH)2, which is synthesized from natural limestone from Palimanan, Indonesia, has a structure similar to Ca(OH)2, which is often used as a root canal medicament. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial property of Ca(OH)2 paste synthesized from natural limestone compared to conventional Ca(OH)2 paste. This study is an in vitro experimental study consists of 3 groups (n=24, namely, conventional Ca(OH)2 paste, limestone synthesized Ca(OH)2 paste, and saline as the negative control, for 2 intervals of time and evaluated by Total Plate Counting (TPC) method. Samples were mandibular first premolar root canal prepared by root canal preparation and contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). The infected root canals of each group were treated by the medicaments, and samples from the root canals were taken on day 7 (n=4) and 14 (n=4). Results showed that both Ca(OH)2 groups had antimicrobial activities against E. faecalis. The limestone Ca(OH)2 paste group had the least amount of bacterial colonies on the 7th day compared to other groups. In contrast, on the 14th day, the conventional Ca(OH)2 paste had the least bacterial colonies. It can be concluded that the Ca(OH)2 paste synthesized from natural limestone has an antimicrobial effect on E. faecalis, the antimicrobial effect was higher on the 7th day but decreases on the 14th day, whereas the conventional Ca(OH)2 had a higher antimicrobial effect on day 14 compared to day 7. Further studies are expected to improve the long-term antimicrobial effectiveness and sustainability of the natural limestone synthesized Ca(OH)2 paste.

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Antibacterial effectiveness in vitro of different formulations of calcium hydroxide paste

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720170002000013127 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

Israel Alexandre De Araujo SENA ◽

Isaac Jordão De Souza ARAÚJO ◽

Marquiony Marques Dos SANTOS ◽

Isabela Pinheiro Cavalcanti LIMA

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Inhibition Zones

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of four formulations of calcium hydroxide paste against microorganisms commonly found in infected root canals. Methods: To evaluate antibacterial activity through the agar diffusion method, pastes of calcium hydroxide were made from its pro-analysis form, diffused into four separate vehicles: distilled water, camphorated p-monochlorophenol, propylene glycol and Otosporin®, testing the antimicrobial activity of these on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis. After the incubation period, the presence or otherwise of inhibition zones were observed and their sizes in three stages: 24h, 48h and 72h. With this data, the median between the four dishes was obtained and the consequent value was submitted to Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric statistical analysis, with post-tests of Mann-Whitney and Bonferroni correction, at a significance level of 5%. Results: Only pastes with camphorated p-monochlorophenol and Otosporin vehicles caused the formation of significant inhibition zones, with medians of 8.0 mm. Against the strains of Enterococcus faecalis, only pastes with the camphorated p-monochlorophenol vehicle resulted in the formation of significant inhibition zones, with a median of 3.0 mm. Conclusion : Otosporin and CMCP vehicles provide greater antimicrobial potential to calcium hydroxide against the studied bacteria. However, only the Ca(OH)2 and CMCP combination was effective against all the strains, and can thus be regarded as the paste formulation with the greatest antimicrobial effectiveness in this study.

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Antimicrobial efficacy of 980 nm diode laser on Enterococcus feacalis in conjunction with various irrigation regimes in infected root canals: An in vitro study

Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry ◽

10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_128_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

AparnaSingh Shaktawat ◽

KanikaGupta Verma ◽

Virinder Goyal ◽

Purshottam Jasuja ◽

SuruchiJuneja Sukhija ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diode Laser ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽

Root Canals ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Infected Root

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Bactericidal Efficacy of Cold Plasma at Different Depths of Infected Root Canals In Vitro

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601509010486 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 486-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sascha R. Herbst ◽

Moritz Hertel ◽

Husam Ballout ◽

Philipp Pierdzioch ◽

Klaus-Dieter Weltmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Cold Plasma ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canals ◽

Disinfection Methods ◽

Bactericidal Efficacy ◽

Infected Root ◽

Different Depths ◽

Logarithmic Reduction

Objectives: Cold plasma (CP) has been shown to be effective even against multiresistant microorganisms. As previous investigations on the effect of CP in root canals showed promising results, the aim of the present study was to analyze the bactericidal efficacy of CP in different depths of infected dentin. Methods: 32 standardized root canals of human mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for one week. Specimens were randomly selected for one of four disinfection methods: control (5mL NaCl), 5mL chlorhexidine (CHX), CP alone (CP), and a combination of 5mL CHX and cold plasma (CHX+CP). CHX was ultrasonically activated for 30s, while cold plasma was used for 60s in the root canals. Dentin samples at depths of 300, 500 and 800 µm were obtained and diluted serially. Colony forming units (CFUs) were counted on agar plates after 24h of incubation. Results: The highest overall logarithmic reduction factors (RF) were obtained from CHX+CP (log RF 3.56 p<0.01; Mann-Whitney U test), followed by CP (log RF 3.27 p<0.01) and CHX alone (log RF 2.65 p<0.01) related to the control. All disinfection methods showed significantly lower CFU counts compared to the control group in 300 µm and 800 µm (both p<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test). Discussion: The adjuvant use of CP might be beneficial in highly infected root canals to improved disinfection. However, the disinfection effect against Enterococcus faecalis of CP is comparable to ultrasonically activated CHX.

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