scholarly journals Brain Activation in Primary Motor and Somatosensory Cortices during Motor Imagery Correlates with Motor Imagery Ability in Stroke Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Confalonieri ◽  
Giuseppe Pagnoni ◽  
Lawrence W. Barsalou ◽  
Justin Rajendra ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Stroke Patients

Aims. While studies on healthy subjects have shown a partial overlap between the motor execution and motor imagery neural circuits, few have investigated brain activity during motor imagery in stroke patients with hemiparesis. This work is aimed at examining similarities between motor imagery and execution in a group of stroke patients. Materials and Methods. Eleven patients were asked to perform a visuomotor tracking task by either physically or mentally tracking a sine wave force target using their thumb and index finger during fMRI scanning. MIQ-RS questionnaire has been administered. Results and Conclusion. Whole-brain analyses confirmed shared neural substrates between motor imagery and motor execution in bilateral premotor cortex, SMA, and in the contralesional inferior parietal lobule. Additional region of interest-based analyses revealed a negative correlation between kinaesthetic imagery ability and percentage BOLD change in areas 4p and 3a; higher imagery ability was associated with negative and lower percentage BOLD change in primary sensorimotor areas during motor imagery.

scholarly journals Asymmetric effective connectivity within frontoparietal motor network underlying motor imagery and motor execution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ogawa ◽  
Hideki Shimobayashi ◽  
Jun-ichiro Hirayama ◽  
Motoaki Kawanabe
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Motor Network

AbstractBoth imagery and execution of motor controls consist of interactions within a neuronal network, including frontal motor-related regions and posterior parietal regions. To reveal neural representation in the frontoparietal motor network, several approaches have been proposed: one is decoding of actions/modes related to motor control from the spatial pattern of brain activity; another is to estimate effective connectivity, which means a directed association between two brain regions within motor regions. However, a motor network consisting of multiple brain regions has not been investigated to illustrate network representation depending on motor imagery (MI) or motor execution (ME). Here, we attempted to differentiate the frontoparietal motor-related networks based on the effective connectivity in the MI and ME conditions. We developed a delayed sequential movement and imagery (dSMI) task to evoke brain activity associated with data under ME and MI in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We applied a linear non-Gaussian acyclic causal model to identify effective connectivity among the frontoparietal motor-related brain regions for each condition. We demonstrated higher effective connectivity from the contralateral dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) to the primary motor cortex (M1) in ME than in MI. We mainly identified significant direct effects of dPMC and ventral premotor cortex (vPMC) to the parietal regions. In particular, connectivity from the dPMC to the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in the same hemisphere showed significant positive effects across all conditions. Instead, interlateral connectivities from vPMC to SPL showed significantly negative effects across all conditions. Finally, we found positive effects from A1 to M1 in the same hemisphere, such as the audio motor pathway. These results indicated that sources of motor command originated from d/vPMC and influenced M1 as achievements of ME and MI, and the parietal regions as integration of somatosensory and visual representation during finger tapping. In addition, sequential sounds may functionally facilitate temporal motor processes.

What are the determinants of explicit and implicit motor imagery ability in stroke patients?: a controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Esma Nur Kolbaşı ◽  
Burcu Ersoz Huseyinsinoglu ◽  
Hacı Ali Erdoğan ◽  
Murat Çabalar ◽  
Nurgül Bulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Implicit Motor

scholarly journals Motor‐imagery ability and function of hemiplegic upper limb in stroke patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Morioka ◽  
Michihiro Osumi ◽  
Yuki Nishi ◽  
Tomoya Ishigaki ◽  
Rintaro Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Effects of a single mental chronometry training session in subacute stroke patients – a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Liepert ◽  
Jana Stürner ◽  
Imke Büsching ◽  
Aida Sehle ◽  
Mircea A. Schoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Silent Period ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Sensory Deficits ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Mental Chronometry ◽  
Motor Excitability

Abstract Background Motor imagery training might be helpful in stroke rehabilitation. This study explored if a single session of motor imagery (MI) training induces performance changes in mental chronometry (MC), motor execution, or changes of motor excitability. Methods Subacute stroke patients (n = 33) participated in two training sessions. The order was randomized. One training consisted of a mental chronometry task, the other training was a hand identification task, each lasting 30 min. Before and after the training session, the Box and Block Test (BBT) was fully executed and also performed as a mental version which served as a measure of MC. A subgroup analysis based on the presence of sensory deficits was performed. Patients were allocated to three groups (no sensory deficits, moderate sensory deficits, severe sensory deficits). Motor excitability was measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pre and post training. Amplitudes of motor evoked potentials at rest and during pre-innervation as well as the duration of cortical silent period were measured in the affected and the non-affected hand. Results Pre-post differences of MC showed an improved MC after the MI training, whereas MC was worse after the hand identification training. Motor execution of the BBT was significantly improved after mental chronometry training but not after hand identification task training. Patients with severe sensory deficits performed significantly inferior in BBT execution and MC abilities prior to the training session compared to patients without sensory deficits or with moderate sensory deficits. However, pre-post differences of MC were similar in the 3 groups. TMS results were not different between pre and post training but showed significant differences between affected and unaffected side. Conclusion Even a single training session can modulate MC abilities and BBT motor execution in a task-specific way. Severe sensory deficits are associated with poorer motor performance and poorer MC ability, but do not have a negative impact on training-associated changes of mental chronometry. Studies with longer treatment periods should explore if the observed changes can further be expanded. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00020355, registered March 9th, 2020, retrospectively registered

scholarly journals Recovery of Motor Imagery Ability in Stroke Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd de Vries ◽  
Marga Tepper ◽  
Bert Otten ◽  
Theo Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Mental Practice ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Implicit Motor ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To investigate whether motor imagery ability recovers in stroke patients and to see what the relationship is between different types of imagery and motor functioning after stroke.Methods. 12 unilateral stroke patients were measured at 3 and 6 weeks poststroke on 3 mental imagery tasks. Arm-hand function was evaluated using the Utrecht Arm-Hand task and the Brunnström Fugl-Meyer Scale. Age-matched healthy individuals (N=10) were included as controls.Results. Implicit motor imagery ability and visual motor imagery ability improved significantly at 6 weeks compared to 3 weeks poststroke.Conclusion. Our study shows that motor imagery can recover in the first weeks after stroke. This indicates that a group of patients who might not be initially selected for mental practice can, still later in the rehabilitation process, participate in mental practice programs. Moreover, our study shows that mental imagery modalities can be differently affected in individual patients and over time.

scholarly journals Motor imagery ability in stroke patients: the relationship between implicit and explicit motor imagery measures

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjoerd de Vries ◽  
Marga Tepper ◽  
Wya Feenstra ◽  
Hanneke Oosterveld ◽  
Anne M. Boonstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain Activation during Motor Imagery and Motor Movement Using fNIRS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Batula ◽  
Jesse A. Mark ◽  
Youngmoo E. Kim ◽  
Hasan Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Motor Movement

Motor-activity-related mental tasks are widely adopted for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as they are a natural extension of movement intention, requiring no training to evoke brain activity. The ideal BCI aims to eliminate neuromuscular movement, making motor imagery tasks, or imagined actions with no muscle movement, good candidates. This study explores cortical activation differences between motor imagery and motor execution for both upper and lower limbs using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Four simple finger- or toe-tapping tasks (left hand, right hand, left foot, and right foot) were performed with both motor imagery and motor execution and compared to resting state. Significant activation was found during all four motor imagery tasks, indicating that they can be detected via fNIRS. Motor execution produced higher activation levels, a faster response, and a different spatial distribution compared to motor imagery, which should be taken into account when designing an imagery-based BCI. When comparing left versus right, upper limb tasks are the most clearly distinguishable, particularly during motor execution. Left and right lower limb activation patterns were found to be highly similar during both imagery and execution, indicating that higher resolution imaging, advanced signal processing, or improved subject training may be required to reliably distinguish them.

scholarly journals Conditional Granger Causality Analysis of Effective Connectivity during Motor Imagery and Motor Execution in Stroke Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Jingna Zhang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Rubing Yan ◽  
Hongliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Granger Causality Analysis ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Motor Network

Aims.Motor imagery has emerged as a promising technique for the improvement of motor function following stroke, but the mechanism of functional network reorganization in patients during this process remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cortical motor network patterns of effective connectivity in stroke patients.Methods.Ten stroke patients with right hand hemiplegia and ten normal control subjects were recruited. We applied conditional Granger causality analysis (CGCA) to explore and compare the functional connectivity between motor execution and motor imagery.Results.Compared with the normal controls, the patient group showed lower effective connectivity to the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor cortex (PMC), and the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the damaged hemisphere but stronger effective connectivity to the ipsilesional PMC and M1 in the intact hemisphere during motor execution. There were tighter connections in the cortical motor network in the patients than in the controls during motor imagery, and the patients showed more effective connectivity in the intact hemisphere.Conclusions.The increase in effective connectivity suggests that motor imagery enhances core corticocortical interactions, promotes internal interaction in damaged hemispheres in stroke patients, and may facilitate recovery of motor function.

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