scholarly journals Dysbiosis and obesity: implications of the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Carli Pinto ◽  
Danilo Everton Cunha Cavalcante ◽  
Etianne Andrade Araújo ◽  
Francione Moreira Cabral ◽  
Jhonatas Mota Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Mucosal Permeability ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Present Systematic Review

Introduction: Obesity has been considered a public health crisis, contributing as a risk factor for several important chronic diseases and even death. Considering this fact, it is noteworthy that there is a fundamental relationship between the intestine and health, and this organ is considered by modern medicine as our second brain in the concept of intestinal permeability. Within the evaluation of the food process, effective nutritional absorption can be altered due to imbalances, such as malabsorption, drug-nutrient interaction, changes in mucosal permeability, and, consequently, an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis is characterized by these negative changes that occur in the intestine. In this sense, the present systematic review study sought to answer: What influences can the microbiota composition have on the metabolic syndrome and obesity process? Objective: To elucidate the relationship between the presence of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of obesity. Methods: This is a bibliographic review work where the MEDLINE, PubMed, and SciELO databases were consulted using the following descriptors: Human gut microbiota, obesity, dysbiosis. Results and Conclusion: Based on the literature that supports this theme, it was possible to observe that in the obese population there is an increase in bacteria of the genus Firmicutes and a decrease in the genus Bacteriodetes, with the blocking of factors and proteins that regulate the homeostasis of the absorption of lipids and fatty acids being observed thus being able to alter the energy metabolism leading to a greater accumulation of adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Who Can I Trust in a Scary World? An Examination of the Objects of Trust, Information Sources and Social Distancing Intention amid COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5321
Author(s):  
Lu Wei ◽  
Tien-Tsung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Information Exposure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship

Trust is a central construct of social research. While numerous studies have investigated trust as either a dependent or independent variable, little attention has been paid to its relationship with health-related behaviors in the context of a public health crisis. How trust in different entities influences people’s social distancing intention is therefore an important question that merits academic scrutiny. Moreover, the relationship between trust and social distancing intention cannot be well understood without an account of the information environment. As previous studies have reached a consensus about the limited effects of information exposure on individual outcomes, this research focuses on possible moderating effects. Results show that information exposure, no matter via interpersonal or media sources, has no direct effects on behavioral intention. Rather, risk communication serves as a moderator of the relationship between trust and social distancing intention.

scholarly journals Polysaccharides Obtained from Cordyceps militaris Alleviate Hyperglycemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat/Sucrose Diet

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1870
Author(s):  
Bao-Hong Lee ◽  
Chia-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Yi-Yun Hsu ◽  
Pei-Ting Chuang ◽  
Ming-Kuei Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Health Food ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Body Weight Increase

Polysaccharides isolated from fungus Cordyceps militaris display multi-biofunctions, such as immunostimulation, down-regulation of hyperlipidemia, and anti-cancer function. The occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. In this study, the effects of C. militaris and its fractions on modifying metabolic syndrome in mice were evaluated. Mice were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFSD) for 14 weeks to induce body weight increase and hyperlipidemia symptoms in mice, and then the mice were simultaneously given a HFSD and C. militaris samples for a further 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fruit body, polysaccharides, and cordycepin obtained from C. militaris had different efficacies on regulating metabolic syndrome and gut microbiota in HFSD-treated mice. Polysaccharides derived from C. militaris decreased the levels of blood sugar and serum lipids in mice fed HFSD. In addition, C. militaris-polysaccharide treatment obviously improved intestinal dysbiosis through promoting the population of next generation probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of mice fed HFSD. In conclusion, polysaccharides derived from C. militaris have the potential to act as dietary supplements and health food products for modifying the gut microbiota to improve the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Cardio‐Oncology in the Era of the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Addison ◽  
Courtney M. Campbell ◽  
Avirup Guha ◽  
Arjun K. Ghosh ◽  
Susan F. Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has emerged as a global pandemic and public health crisis. Increasing waves of intermittent infectious outbreaks have dramatically influenced care among broad populations. Over the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid increase in cancer survival, with >400 000 new survivors each year. The increasingly common presence of cardiovascular disease in patients during or after cancer treatment led to the rapid growth of the field of cardio‐oncology with a mandate of identifying, treating, and preventing the various forms of cardiovascular disease seen among this population. This review evaluates the implications of the pandemic on the practice and study of cardio‐oncology. The evolving understanding of the relationship between comorbid disease and clinical outcomes among this population is assessed. With the impetus of the pandemic, cardio‐oncology can be deliberate in embracing changes to cardiac screening, monitoring, and intervention during oncology care. Bridging 2 specialties, consideration of the lessons learned in cancer and cardiovascular may pivotally inform ongoing therapeutic efforts. Further, the development of multicenter registries focused on understanding and optimizing outcomes among these patients should be considered. Together, these insights may critically inform strategies for the care of cardio‐oncology patients in future phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Influence Lipid Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choufei Wu ◽  
Wentao Lyu ◽  
Qihua Hong ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elevated Lipid ◽  
Imf Content

Gut microbiota is recognized as a strong determinant of host physiology including fat metabolism and can transfer obesity-associated phenotypes from donors to recipients. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and intramuscular fat (IMF) is still largely unknown. Obese Jinhua pigs (JP) have better meat quality that is associated with higher IMF content than lean Landrace pigs (LP). The present study was conducted to test the contribution of gut microbiota to IMF properties by transplanting fecal microbiota of adult JP and LP to antibiotics-treated mice. Similar to JP donors, the mice receiving JP's microbiota (JM) had elevated lipid and triglyceride levels and the lipoprotein lipase activity, as well as reduced mRNA level of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in the gastrocnemius muscles, compared to those in mice receiving LP's microbiota (LM). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed that transplantation of JP and LP feces differently reconstructed the gut microbiota in both jejunum and colon of mouse recipients. In colonic samples, we observed an elevated ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increased abundance of genus Romboutsia in JM, which were positively correlated with obesity. Furthermore, the abundance of Akkermansia decreased in JM, which is positively correlated with lean. Colonic concentrations of acetate (P = 0.047) and butyrate (P = 0.014) were significantly lower in JM than in LM, and consistently, the terminal genes for butyrate synthesis, butyryl CoA: acetate CoA transferase were less abundant in colonic microbiota of JM. Taken together, these gut microbiota of obese JP intrinsically promotes IMF accumulation and can transfer the properties to mouse recipients. Manipulation of intestinal microbiota will, therefore, have the potential to improve the meat quality and flavor of pigs and even to ameliorate the metabolic syndrome in human.

COVID-19 and the Rise of Participatory SIGINT: An Examination of the Rise in Government Surveillance Through Mobile Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (12) ◽  
pp. 1780-1785
Author(s):  
Rose Bernard ◽  
Gemma Bowsher ◽  
Richard Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Intelligence Collection ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Government Surveillance ◽  
The Relationship

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a significant growth in government surveillance techniques globally, primarily through the use of cell phone applications. However, although these applications can have actionable effects on public health efforts to control pandemics, the participatory or voluntary nature of these measures is obscuring the relationship between health information and traditional government surveillance techniques, potentially preventing effective oversight. Public health measures have traditionally been resistant to the integration of government-led intelligence techniques, such as signals intelligence (SIGINT), because of ethical and legal issues arising from the nature of surveillance techniques. We explore this rise of participatory SIGINT and its nature as an extension of biosurveillance through 3 drivers: the rise of surveillance capitalism, the exploitation of a public health crisis to obscure state of exception politics with a moral imperative, and the historically enduring nature of emergency-implemented surveillance measures. We conclude that although mobile applications may indeed be useful in containing pandemics, they should be subject to similar oversight and regulation as other government intelligence collection techniques.

scholarly journals Microbiota-Gut-Brain Communication in the SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1993
Author(s):  
Luana M. Manosso ◽  
Camila O. Arent ◽  
Laura A. Borba ◽  
Luciane B. Ceretta ◽  
João Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Communication Pathway ◽  
The Relationship

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In addition to pneumonia, individuals affected by the disease have neurological symptoms. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 has a neuroinvasive capacity. It is known that the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to a cytokine storm. An exacerbated inflammatory state can lead to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage as well as to intestinal dysbiosis. These changes, in turn, are associated with microglial activation and reactivity of astrocytes that can promote the degeneration of neurons and be associated with the development of psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies also have been shown that SARS-CoV-2 alters the composition and functional activity of the gut microbiota. The microbiota-gut-brain axis provides a bidirectional homeostatic communication pathway. Thus, this review focuses on studies that show the relationship between inflammation and the gut microbiota–brain axis in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

hiv/aids in Indonesia and its Theological Dimension

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Daniel Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
International Public Health ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This article discusses hiv/aids in Indonesia and responds to the hiv/aids crisis from a theological/pastoral perspective. hiv/aids is growing in Indonesia and many Indonesians have died from the disease. hiv/aids is not only a fatal disease and an international public health crisis; it also affects the sufferers and their community socially, economically, psychologically and spiritually, raising theological questions beyond simply the consideration of physiological disease. The article describes the response to hiv/aids in Indonesia, including from Christian churches, then explores the treatment of suffering and sickness in the Bible, along with research and literature responding to the emergence of hiv/aids as an issue for the church. Jesus’ opposition to stigmatization is highlighted, as well as an analysis of the relationship of difference between ‘healing’ and ‘curing’. Finally the article offers an analysis of hope from the perspective of the Christian Gospel, including hope’s call to the church to respond fully to the challenge to care for, and accompany people, with hiv/aids and their communities.

scholarly journals Asthma and COVID-19: a dangerous liaison?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Lombardi ◽  
Federica Gani ◽  
Alvise Berti ◽  
Pasquale Comberiati ◽  
Diego Peroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Respiratory Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), provoked the most striking international public health crisis of our time. COVID-19 can cause a range of breathing problems, from mild to critical, with potential evolution to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Elderly adults and those affected with chronic cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory conditions carry a higher risk of severe COVID-19. Given the global burden of asthma, there are well-founded concerns that the relationship between COVID-19 and asthma could represent a “dangerous liaison”.Here we aim to review the latest evidence on the links between asthma and COVID-19 and provide reasoned answers to current concerns, such as the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or severe COVID-19 stratified by asthmatic patients, the contribution of type-2 vs. non-type-2 asthma and asthma-COPD overlap to the risk of COVID-19 development. We also address the potential role of both standard anti-inflammatory asthma therapies and new biological agents for severe asthma, such as mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab, on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes.

The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3567-3583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Gabriella Garruti ◽  
Fabio Minervini ◽  
Leonilde Bonfrate ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Relationship

Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.

Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani ◽  
Mentor Sopjani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
And Function

Abstract:: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a new public health crisis threatening the world. This pandemic disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus has been reported to be originated in bats and by yet unknown intermediary animals were transmitted to humans in China 2019. The SARSCoV- 2 spreads faster than its two ancestors the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) but has reduced fatality. At present, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused about a 1.16 million of deaths with more than 43.4 million confirmed cases worldwide, resulting in a serious threat to public health globally with yet uncertain impact. The disease is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with an infected person. The incubation period ranges from 1 to 14 days. COVID-19 is accompanied by various symptoms, including cough, fatigue. In most people the disease is mild, but in some other people, such as in elderly and people with chronic diseases, it may progress from pneumonia to a multi-organ dysfunction. Many people are reported asymptomatic. The virus genome is sequenced, but new variants are reported. Numerous biochemical aspects of its structure and function are revealed. To date, no clinically approved vaccines and/or specific therapeutic drugs are available to prevent or treat the COVID-19. However, there are reported intensive researches on the SARSCoV- 2 to potentially identify vaccines and/or drug targets, which may help to overcome the disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular structure of SARS-CoV-2 and its biochemical characteristics.

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