Differences in morphological parameters of judo athletes of different age groups and performance level

The aim of the present study was to examine the motivation of recreational runners and its variation by sex, age, and performance level. Finishers (female: n = 32, age 40.1 ± 9.0 years old, height 162 ± 7 cm, body mass 57.7 ± 7.5 kg, race record 4:34 ± 0:39 h:min; male: n = 134, 44.2 ± 8.6 years, 176 ± 6 cm, 77.0 ± 9.3 kg, 4:02 ± 0:44 h:min) in the Athens Classic Marathon 2017 completed the Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS) 56-item questionnaire. The highest scores in the MOMS were observed in the general health orientation and personal goal achievement categories, and the lowest in the recognition and competition areas. Female participants scored higher in coping, self-esteem, and goal achievement than their male counterparts (p < 0.05). The <30 age group scored higher than the 35–40 and 40–45 age groups in “competing with other runners” for male participants (p < 0.05). The average performance group outscored the slowest group in “achieving personal goals” and “competing with other runners” in female participants, whereas an effect of performance on these two themes was shown in male participants as well (p < 0.05). In summary, we partially confirmed that female and male marathon runners differ for their motivations. In addition, novel findings were the identification of age and performance level as correlates of motivations. The knowledge of these trends would be of great practical value for practitioners to optimize the motivation of their athletes.

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An Anthropometric and Physical Profile of Young Swiss Alpine Skiers Between 2004 and 2011

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2013-0223 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tatiane Gorski ◽

Thomas Rosser ◽

Hans Hoppeler ◽

Michael Vogt

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Female Athletes ◽

National Level ◽

Age Groups ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Performance Level ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Alpine Skiers ◽

And Performance

Purpose:To describe the development of anthropometric and physical characteristics of young Swiss alpine skiers between 2004 and 2011, to compare them between age and performance-level groups, and to identify age- and sex-dependent reference values for the tests performed.Methods:The Swiss-Ski Power Test includes anthropometric measures and physical tests for coordination and speed, strength, anaerobic capacity, and endurance. The authors analyzed the results of 8176 tests performed by 1579 male and 1109 female alpine skiers between 2004 and 2011. Subjects ranged between regional and national level of performance and were grouped according to their competition age groups (U12, 11 y; U14, 12–13 y; U16, 14–15 y; U18, 16–17 y; U21, 18–20 y) and performance level.Results:A progressive increase in anthropometric measures and improvements in tests results with increasing age were found. For all tests, male athletes had better results than female athletes. Minor differences were observed in anthropometric characteristics between 2004 and 2011 (mostly <5%), while results of physical and coordinative tests showed significant improvements (up to more than 50% enhancement) or stability over the years. Differences between higher- and lower-level athletes were more pronounced in tests for lower-limb strength and anaerobic capacity.Conclusions:The presented profile of young Swiss alpine skiers highlights the improvements in different physical aspects along the maturation process and chronologically over a period of 7 y. Furthermore, reference values are provided for comparisons with alpine skiers or athletes from other sports.

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Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7074 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Suter ◽

Caio Victor Sousa ◽

Lee Hill ◽

Volker Scheer ◽

Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Linear Model ◽

Performance Level ◽

Age Group ◽

Younger Age ◽

Pacing Strategies ◽

And Performance ◽

Group Sex ◽

The Impact ◽

Trail Running ◽

One Way Anova

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance level on pacing in the UTMB® (Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to verify previous findings obtained in the research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. Data from the UTMB® from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 race results (12,681 men and 1148 women) were analyzed. A general linear model (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) was applied to identify a sex, age group, and interaction effect in pace average and pace variation. A univariate model (one-way ANOVA) was used to identify a sex effect for age, pace average, and pace variation for the fastest men and women. In our study, pace average and a steadier pace were positively correlated. Even pacing throughout the UTMB® correlated with faster finishing times. The average pace depended significantly on sex and age group. When considering the top five athletes in each age group, sex and age group also had significant effects on pace variation. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women. Women had a higher pace variation than men. In male competitors, younger age may be advantageous for a successful finish of the UTMB®. Faster male runners seemed to be younger in ultramarathon trail running with large changes in altitude when compared to other distances and terrains.

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Pacing in Time-Limited Ultramarathons from 6 to 24 Hours—The Aspects of Age, Sex and Performance Level

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2705

Author(s):

Hagen Deusch ◽

Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽

Thomas Rosemann ◽

Beat Knechtle

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Training Programs ◽

Performance Level ◽

Running Speed ◽

And Performance ◽

Main Effects ◽

And Training ◽

Age And Sex

(1) Background: Compared with marathon races, pacing in time-limited ultramarathons has only been poorly discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyze the interaction of performance level, age and sex with pacing during 6 h, 12 h or 24 h time-limited ultramarathons. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 937, age 48.62 ± 11.80 years) were the finishers in 6 h (n = 40, 17 women and 23 men), 12 h (n = 232, 77 women and 155 men) and 24 h (n = 665, 166 women and 409 men) ultramarathons. The coefficient of variation (CV), calculated as SD/mean, was used to described pacing. Low scores of CV denoted a more even pacing, and vice versa. A two-way analysis of variance examined the main effects and interactions of sex and race duration on age, race speed and pacing. (3) Results: More men participated in the longer race distances than in the shorter ones and men were older and faster than women. Comparing the 6 h, 12 h and 24 h races, the finishers in the 6 h were the fastest, the finishers in the 12 h were the oldest and the finishers in the 24 h showed the most variable pacing. Furthermore, the faster running speed in the 12 h (women, r = −0.64; men, r = −0.49, p < 0.001) and the 24 h (r = −0.47 in women and men, p < 0.001) was related to less variable pacing. (4) Conclusions: These data might help runners and coaches to choose the the proper duration of a race and training programs for their athletes.

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Game variables that predict success and performance level in elite men’s volleyball

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport ◽

10.1080/24748668.2021.1945879 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Sotirios Drikos ◽

Karolina Barzouka ◽

Maria-Elissavet Nikolaidou ◽

Konstantinos Sotiropoulos

Keyword(s):

Performance Level ◽

And Performance

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Effect of Changing a Traffic Control Device Color on Driver Behavior and Perception across Different Age Groups

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/03611981211011168 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036119812110111

Author(s):

Hatem Abou-Senna ◽

Mohamed El-Agroudy ◽

Mustapha Mouloua ◽

Essam Radwan

Keyword(s):

Traffic Control ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Time Of Day ◽

General Purpose ◽

Traffic Density ◽

Driving Conditions ◽

And Performance

The use of express lanes (ELs) in freeway traffic management has seen increasing popularity throughout the United States, particularly in Florida. These lanes aim at making the most efficient transportation system management and operations tool to provide a more reliable trip. An important component of ELs is the channelizing devices used to delineate the separation between the ELs and the general-purpose lane. With the upcoming changes to the FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, this study provided an opportunity to recommend changes affecting safety and efficiency on a nationwide level. It was important to understand the impacts on driver perception and performance in response to the color of the EL delineators. It was also valuable to understand the differences between demographics in responding to delineator colors under different driving conditions. The driving simulator was used to test the responses of several demographic groups to changes in marker color and driving conditions. Furthermore, participants were tested for several factors relevant to driving performance including visual and subjective responses to the changes in colors and driving conditions. Impacts on driver perception were observed via eye-tracking technology with changes to time of day, visibility, traffic density, roadway surface type, and, crucially, color of the delineating devices. The analyses concluded that white was the optimal and most significant color for notice of delineators across the majority of subjective and performance measures, followed by yellow, with black being the least desirable.

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Examining frustration and performance when priming user expectations and providing a technology malfunction

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1846-1850

Author(s):

Nina Ferreri ◽

Christopher B. Mayhorn

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Technology Acceptance ◽

Digital Technology ◽

Mobile App ◽

Performance Level ◽

Qr Code ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

Main Effect ◽

User Expectations ◽

And Performance

As digital technology develops, users create expectations for performance that may be violated when malfunctions occur. This project examined how priming expectations of technology performance (high v. low v. no) and experiences of technology malfunction (present v. not present) can influence feelings of frustration and performance on a task. A preliminary sample of 42 undergraduate participants completed a QR code scavenger hunt using the augmented reality mobile app, ARIS. Following the task, participants reported what they found for each scavenger hunt clue, their responses to failures in digital technology, and technology acceptance attitudes. Several factorial ANOVAs revealed a main effect for expectation on adaptive items of the RFDT scale and a main effect for malfunction on performance level. This suggests a potential contradiction between attitudes and behaviors when considering a common scenario involving technology.

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