scholarly journals Speculation on the Number 137 in the Fine-Structure Constant

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mels Sluyser
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Fundamental Physical

<p class="1Body">The fine-structure constant (α) is a fundamental physical constant, <em>i.e</em>. the coupling constant characterizing the strength of the electromagnetic interaction. It is important to know why 1/α is approximately equal to the number 137, because this mysterious number very likely forms the link between three very important domains of physics: quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and relativity. Since the Pythagorean prime number137 equals 4 squared plus 11 squared, it is here speculated that 1/α = 137 perhaps in some mysterious way reflects fundamental properties, for instance the 4 dimensions of Einstein’s space-time and the 11 dimensions of M-theory. Also, the number 4 might be related to the four forces, <em>i</em>.<em>e</em>. the electromagnetic force, the gravitational force and the strong and weak nuclear forces, or perhaps to another 4 and 11 combination of fundamental constants.</p>

scholarly journals Astronomical Significance of the 137.035 999 Part of the Inverse Fine-Structure Constant

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mels Sluyser
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Triplet Code

The inverse fine-structure constant 1/α= 137.035 satisfies 1/α = 112 + 42 + 0.035 = 121 + 16 + 0.035 = 137.035, with 11 being the 11 dimensions of M-theory, 4 the number of dimensions of Einstein’s space-time, and 0.035 the 3.5 percent visible Universe. Cosmological information appears to be encrypted linearly as a triplet code in 1/α.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Nature of the Fine Structure Constant and Indicating the Existence of an Unknown Angular Momentum

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Koshun Suto
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Relativistic Energy ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Virtual Particle

In this paper, the author searches for a formula different from the existing formula in order to elucidate the nature of the fine structure constant a. The relativistic energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is expressed as E_re,n and the momentum corresponding to that energy is taken to be P_re,n. Also, P_p,n is assumed to be the momentum of a photon emitted when an electron that has been stationary in free space transitions to the inside of a hydrogen atom. When n=1, the ratio of P_re,1 and P_p,1 matches with a. That is, P_p,1/Pre,1=a Also, the formula for the energy of a photon is E=hv. However, this formula has no constant of proportionality. If one wishes to claim that the energy of a photon varies in proportion to the photon's frequency, then a formula containing a constant of proportionality is necessary. Thus, this paper predicts that, in the natural world, there is a minimum unit of angular momentum h_vp smaller than the Planck constant. (The vp in h_vp stands for “virtual particle.”)If this physical constant is introduced, then the formula for the energy of the photon can be written as E=h_vp v/a. If h_vp exists, a formula can also be obtained which helps to elucidate the nature of the fine structure constant.

scholarly journals Anomalous magnetic moments of free and bound leptons

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Czarnecki ◽  
U D Jentschura ◽  
K Pachucki ◽  
V A Yerokhin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Fundamental Physical Constants ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Fundamental Physical

We review the theoretical knowledge of anomalous magnetic moments of free electrons and muons, and of electrons bound in hydrogenlike ions. We discuss applications of these observations in the determination of fundamental physical constants, the fine structure constant, the electron mass, and in searches for new interactions.PACS Nos.: 14.60.–z, 13.40.Em, 32.10.Dk

Multiple Model of Anti-Grand Unification, The Regularization with Wilson Loop Action and Critical Coupling Constants

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Laperashvili ◽  
H. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Wilson Loop ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Critical Coupling ◽  
Lattice Simulation

The present work considers the phase transition between the confinement and "Coulomb" phases in U(1) gauge theory described by Wilson loop action. It was shown (using as an example the approximation of circular loops) that the critical coupling constant is rather independent of the regularization method. Taking into account the renormalization by artefact monopole contributions and the existence of strings in confinement phase assuming the maximal value of the effective fine structure constant equal to α max =π/12≈0.26, we obtain α c ≈0.204, in agreement with Monte Carlo lattice simulation result: α c ≈0.20. Such an approximate regularization independence ("universality") of the critical couplings is needed for the fine structure constant predictions claimed from "the multiple-point criticality principle".

scholarly journals EXISTENCE OF GROUND STATES OF HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS IN RELATIVISTIC QED I: THE SEMI-RELATIVISTIC PAULI–FIERZ OPERATOR

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 375-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN KÖNENBERG ◽  
OLIVER MATTE ◽  
EDGARDO STOCKMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Quadratic Form ◽  
Ground States ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Coulomb Coupling ◽  
Quantized Electromagnetic Field

We consider a hydrogen-like atom in a quantized electromagnetic field which is modeled by means of the semi-relativistic Pauli–Fierz operator and prove that the infimum of the spectrum of the latter operator is an eigenvalue. In particular, we verify that the bottom of its spectrum is strictly less than its ionization threshold. These results hold true, for arbitrary values of the fine-structure constant and the ultraviolet cut-off as long as the Coulomb coupling constant is less than 2/π. For Coulomb coupling constants larger than 2/π, we show that the quadratic form of the Hamiltonian is unbounded below.

scholarly journals Supersymmetry is Not Dead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Perkovic
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Observable Universe

After the recent runs of the Large Hadron Collider failed to find any trace of sparticles predicted by the MSSM, the plurality of scientists went as far as to proclaim Supersymmetry dead. This paper will give strong arguments, all of which are supported by experimental evidence, to thecontrary. The problem that led to the failure to detect the sought after sparticles in the LHC probes of new physics beyond the Standard Model was in the low 1 TeV energy scale of the spontaneous Supersymmetry breaking and this paper will present a formula that sets the scaleabove 10 TeV and bellow 100 TeV. The formula in question unites the running values of the fine structure constant, the strong coupling constant and the electron Yukawa coupling. The results obtained for the fine structure constant when the Q scale equals the Z boson mass is in fullagreement with the experimental results as is the world average for the strong coupling constant as well. The predictions of the formula for the running of the strong coupling constant are also in great agreement with experimental result on all measured values of Q, including the most recent CMS collaboration measurements that used the double-differential inclusive jet cross section as a function of the jet transverse momentum and the absolute jet rapidity where they collected the data from LHC pp collisions at 8 TeV. The formula will also eliminate the problem of infinitiesin calculations of the running of the fine structure constant, known as the Landau Pole, and it will set the mass of the observable universe as the natural UV cutoff.

GRAVITATION, THERMODYNAMICS, AND THE FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2319-2323
Author(s):  
SHAHAR HOD
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Theory Of Gravity

The dimensionless fine-structure constant α ≡ e2/ℏc ≃ 1/137.036 has fascinated many scientists since its introduction by Sommerfeld almost a century ago. Dirac and Feynman have conjectured that this important physical constant may be composed of fundamental mathematical quantities like π. In this essay we argue that, the interplay between gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics may shed much light on the origins of this mysterious constant. In particular, we show that a unified quantum theory of gravity may set a lower bound on the value of the fine-structure constant, α > ln 3/48π ≃ 1/137. 3.

scholarly journals New Limit on Space-Time Variations in the Proton-to-Electron Mass Ratio from Analysis of Quasar J110325-264515 Spectra

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
T. D. Le
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Quasar Spectra ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Universe

Astrophysical tests of current values for dimensionless constants known on Earth, such as the fine-structure constant, α , and proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ = m p / m e , are communicated using data from high-resolution quasar spectra in different regions or epochs of the universe. The symmetry wavelengths of [Fe II] lines from redshifted quasar spectra of J110325-264515 and their corresponding values in the laboratory were combined to find a new limit on space-time variations in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, ∆ μ / μ = ( 0.096 ± 0.182 ) × 10 − 7 . The results show how the indicated astrophysical observations can further improve the accuracy and space-time variations of physics constants.

scholarly journals Measurement of the running of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Graziano Venanzoni
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Recent Measurement ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Lepton Universality ◽  
Hadronic Contribution

I will report on the recent measurement of the fine structure constant below 1 GeV with the KLOE detector. It represents the first measurement of the running of α(s) in this energy region. Our results show a more than 5σ significance of the hadronic contribution to the running of α(s), which is the strongest direct evidence both in time-and space-like regions achieved in a single measurement. From a fit of the real part of Δα(s) and assuming the lepton universality the branching ratio BR(ω → µ+µ−) = (6.6 ± 1.4stat ± 1.7syst) · 10−5 has been determined

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