scholarly journals Mechanical Damages and Chemical Treatments in the Quality of Maize Seeds Stored

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Bárbara Gomes Ribeiro ◽  
Raquel Maria de Oliveira Pires ◽  
Tatiana Botelho Fantazzini ◽  
Hesoisa Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Current System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Fusarium Sp

The current system of seeds production is highly mechanized and these operations can contribute to losses in quality due the incidence of mechanical damages. The objective in this work was to study the effect of the chemical treatment and the storage on quality of maize seeds with mechanical damages. The seeds used were individually analyzed through X-ray test for the obtainment of three lots; 1-seeds without separation, 2-seeds without mechanical damages and 3-seeds with mechanical damages. The lots were evaluated according the physiological quality, sanity and enzymatic analyzes before and after the chemical treatment with the insecticide Maxim Advanced® and the fungicide Cruiser® and also after 90 days of storage. The chemical treatment of maize seeds is efficient in the control of pathogens, like Fusarium sp. The performance of seeds with internal and external damages can be maintained for 90 days when treated with fungicides and insecticides and stored in environment conditions. The isoenzymatic patterns of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), confirmed the higher deterioration of non-treated seeds during the storage. The mechanical damages found in seeds contribute to the reduction of viability and vigor of maize seeds.

scholarly journals Biochemical changes and physiological quality of corn seeds subjected to different chemical treatments and storage times

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Lucas de Oliveira ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Karen Marcelle de Jesus Silva ◽  
Elise de Matos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Quality Markers ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
And Storage

Abstract: The chemical treatment of corn seeds is widely adopted for protecting crops at the early stages. However, some molecules interfere in the quality of seeds, especially when stored, by accelerating their deterioration. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of insecticides on the enzymatic expression and quality of corn seeds subjected to storage. Seeds of the hybrids 2B647PW and SHS4070 were subjected to four different chemical treatments (standard treatment, standard + clothianidin, standard + thiamethoxam, and standard + fipronil) and stored for different periods (0, 3, 6, and 9 months). The quality evaluation included the germination test, first germination count, cold test, and health test. The expression of the enzymes α-amylase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alcohol dehydrogenase were determined by the gel electrophoresis technique. The insecticides clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and fipronil reduce the physiological quality of the seeds of hybrid 2B647PW after nine months of storage. The treatment of seeds with the insecticides clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and fipronil reduces the expression of α-amylase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase enzymes after nine months of storage. The enzymes α-amylase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alcohol dehydrogenase are good quality markers for hybrid corn seeds.

scholarly journals Physiological quality and economic evaluation of treated cowpea seeds stored in different packaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e686974625
Author(s):  
Erick Almeida Andrade ◽  
José Eldo Costa ◽  
Rosilene de Morais da Silva ◽  
Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽  
Bruno Ettore Pavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of cowpea seeds and the economic viability of storage in different types of packaging and with different chemical treatments. Seeds were submitted to one of the following chemical treatments of active ingredients: fipronil; fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl; and fludioxonil + metalaxyl. Seeds without chemical treatment constituted the control. Seeds were placed in permeable cotton bags, permeable raffia bags, semipermeable kraft paper bags, and impermeable PET bottles. The following were evaluated: seed moisture content; germination test; first germination count; germination speed index; hypocotyl length; root length and hypocotyl dry mass and root dry mass. Cost analysis of treatments was also performed. The physiological quality of cowpea seeds was more markedly reduced under storage conditions in permeable packages with fludioxonil + metalaxyl treatment. Impermeable packaging without chemical treatment decreased deterioration of physiological quality in cowpea seeds and is economically viable for a storage period of up to 90 days.

scholarly journals Physiological and sanitary quality, and transmission of fungi associated with Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex. A. Rich.) Stapf seeds submitted to thermal and chemical treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheila Cristina Sbalcheiro ◽  
Solange Carvalho Barrios Roveri José ◽  
Jennifer Carine Rodrigues da Costa Molina Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Paper Method

The Brazilian pastures establishment success depends on the use of seeds with high physiological and sanitary quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal and chemical treatments on quality of Brachiaria brizantha, cv. BRS Piatã and pathogen transmission via seed. The treatments included the use of fungicides, detergent, sodium hypochlorite, sulfuric acid and alcohol, as well as thermal treatments. In addition to seeds without treatment, nine treatments were tested. The tests used to assess the physiological quality of the seeds were first and final count of germination test and root protrusion; germination and root protrusion speed index. A transmitting test and filter paper method had been performed for sanitary quality. Fungal lower incidence was observed in seeds treated with alcohol, however, this treatment reduced the physiological quality of the seeds and higher frequency of fungi transmission from seeds to seedlings was observed for Bipolaris sp., Fusarium sp. and Phoma sp. Treatment with sulfuric acid provided a better seed germination performance and reduced the incidence of fungi.

scholarly journals Accessing the relevance of tests for estimating the physiological quality of wheat grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Larissa Correia ◽  
Lucas Pereira ◽  
Thaisa Matera ◽  
Renata Pereira ◽  
Andreia Suzukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methyl Thiophanate ◽  
Physiological Quality

The objective of this work was to investigate, before and after chemical treatment, the interrelationships of the physiological quality tests in wheat grains. Following the chemical treatments with (i) carboxin thiram; (ii) carboxin thiram + thiamethoxam; (iii) carboxin thiram + thiamethoxam + bio-stimulant; (iv) pyraclostrobin + methyl thiophanate + fipronil, and (v) pyraclostrobin + methyl thiophanate + fipronil + bio-stimulant, subsequently the grains were assessed for their physiological potential. The physiological potential of the grains could be differentiated based on the electrical conductivity, seedling growth, and emergence in sand tests. In conclusion, the use of the active ingredients changed the correlation between laboratory tests with crop emergence in the sand as well as altered the relevance of the tests for sorting the treated grains into different physiological potential. But, the seedling growth tests and the electrical conductivity were, together, the parameters most relevant for explaining the data variability.  

scholarly journals Physiological quality of hybrid maize seeds through respiratory and enzymatic activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 1879-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliveira dos Santos Heloisa ◽  
Vilela Von Pinho Iolanda ◽  
Vilela de Resende Von Pinho Eacute dila ◽  
Maria de Oliveira Pires Raquel ◽  
Fabiana da Silva Valk iacute ria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Preparation of Ge (100) Substrates for High-Quality Epitaxial Growth of Group IV Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Nowakowski ◽  
Jordana Bandaru ◽  
L.D. Bell ◽  
Shouleh Nikzad
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Surface Evolution ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uv Ozone

ABSTRACTWe compare various wet chemical treatments, in preparing high-quality Ge (100) surfaces suitable for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Various surface treatments are explored such as UV-ozone treatment followed by exposure to chemical solutions such as de-ionized (DI) water, hydrofluoric acid (HF), or hydrochloric acid (HCl). Chemical treatments to remove the oxide are performed in a nitrogen environment to prevent further formation of surface oxide prior to surface analysis. Following chemical treatments, in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) analysis is performed to observe the surface evolution as a function of temperature. In a separate chamber, we analyze each sample, before and after chemical treatment by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to directly determine the oxide desorption following each chemical treatment. Our results of this comparative study, the effectiveness of each chemical treatment, and the stability of the passivated surface suggest that UV ozone cleaning, followed by 10% HCl is the best choice for removing most of the oxide. Furthermore, we present evidence of high quality epitaxial growth of SnxGe1−x on wafers prepared by our method.

scholarly journals Parameters based on X-ray images to assess the physical and physiological quality of Leucaena leucocephala seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Dantas de Medeiros ◽  
Joyce de Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Manuel Jesús Zavala León ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva ◽  
Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT Non-destructive and high performance analyses are highly desirable and important for assessing the quality of forest seeds. The aim of this study was to relate parameters obtained from semi-automated analysis of radiographs of Leucaena leucocephala seeds to their physiological potential by means of multivariate analysis. To do so, seeds from five lots collected from parent trees from the region of Viçosa, MG, Brazil, were used. The study was carried out through analysis of radiographic images of seeds, from which the percentage of damaged seeds (predation and fungi), and measurements of area, perimeter, circularity, relative density, and integrated density of the seeds were obtained. After the X-ray test, the seeds were tested for germination in order to assess variables related to seed physiological quality. Multivariate statistics were applied to the data generated, with use of principal component analysis (PCA). X-ray testing allowed visualization of details of the internal structure of seeds and differences regarding density of seed tissues. Semi-automated analysis of radiographic images of Leucaena leucocephala seeds provides information on seed physical characteristics and generates parameters related to seed physiological quality in a simple, fast, and inexpensive manner.

Crystalline Structure and the Role of Low-Temperature-Deposited AlN and GaN on Sapphire Revealed by X-Ray CTR Scattering and X-Ray Reflectivity Measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Takeda ◽  
M. Tabuchi ◽  
H. Amano ◽  
I. Akasaki
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Crystal Truncation Rod ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Afm Observation

Crystalline and morphological quality of low-temperature (LT)-deposited and annealed AlN and GaN thin layers were investigated by X-ray crystal truncation rod (CTR) scattering and X-ray reflectivity measurements and atomic force microscope (AFM) observation. It was revealed that the LT-AlN layer was more uniform in terms of the crystalline structure and the layer thickness than the LT-GaN layer, before and after annealing. It suggests that LT-AlN is more suitable as a buffer layer between sapphire substrate and GaN.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
Fernando H. B. Machado ◽  
Andréia M. S. de S. David ◽  
Silvânio R. dos Santos ◽  
Josiane C. Figueiredo ◽  
Cleisson D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT Crop strategies focused on the rational use of water are required in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions. Five irrigation water depth were established, based on the field capacity (100, 85, 70, 55 and 40%), to control the available water for two maize hybrids (2B-587 and DKB-390). A randomized block design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four repetitions. The plots consisted of irrigation water depths, and the subplots consisted of maize hybrids. The seed water concentration, germination, and vigor were determined after the harvest, using data from first germination counting, seedling emergence, germination speed index, seedling length, and accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and modified cold tests. The maize hybrid DKB-390 showed better physiological potential under the soil water deficit conditions evaluated. The irrigation water depths lower than 70% of field capacity resulted in decreases in soil water contents and affected negatively the physiological quality of the maize seeds produced.

scholarly journals Physical and physiological quality of Jatropha curcas L. seeds at different maturity stages using image analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e0206
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Pinheiro ◽  
André D. Medeiros ◽  
Manuel J. Zavala-León ◽  
Denise C. F. S. Dias ◽  
Laércio J. Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Physiological Quality

Aim of study: To assess the potential of automated X-ray image analysis to evaluate the physical characteristics of Jatropha curcas seeds, and to relate the parameters obtained with the physiological quality of the seeds harvested at different maturity stages.Area of study: Experimental area of Agronomy Department, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Brazil.Material and methods: The fruits were harvested from 20 plants, based on the external skin color (green, yellow, brownish-yellow and brown). The study was performed by automated and visual analysis of radiographic images of the seeds, in which measurements of tissue integrity, density and seed filling were performed. Seed dry matter, germination and seedling growth were also analysed.Main results: Variables obtained through automated analysis of radiographic images correlated significantly with all physiological variables (r > 0.9), as well as visual image evaluations (r > 0.75). The seeds extracted from green fruits presented lower tissue integrity and lower physiological quality. Radiographic analysis was efficient for monitoring J. curcas seed quality at different maturity stages. Morpho-anatomical parameters obtained from X-ray analysis were highly correlated with seed physiological attributes.Research highlights: It is important to develop and improve methodologies based on lower-cost techniques, such as X-ray analysis. In this context, we verified that X-ray images can be used for monitoring J. curcas seed filling and maturation. Radiographic images of seeds can be analyzed automatically with ImageJ software. Internal morphology and physical characteristics of seeds have relationship with their physiological quality.

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