scholarly journals Genotypic Selection for Soybean Earliness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Flaviane O. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriano T. Bruzi ◽  
Mariane C. Bianchi ◽  
Igor O. Soares ◽  
Karina B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Obtaining early-maturing soybean cultivars with high yield performance has long been the focus of breeding programs. Obtaining the estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters can assist breeders at selecting the superior genotypes. Therefore, the aim was to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of progenies throughout the recurrent selection for early maturity in soybeans and to select progenies with superior agronomic traits. S0:1 progenies were evaluated in one site during the 2015/2016 harvest using a 12 × 12 lattice design, with one 2-meter row plot with two replicates. The S0:2 progenies were evaluated during the 2016/2017 harvest using an 8 × 8 lattice design, with one 3-meter row plot with three replicates. The S0:3 progenies were evaluated during the 2017/2018 harvest using a 5 × 5 lattice design, with two 3-meter rows plots with three replicates. Both S0:2 and S0:3 progenies were evaluated in three different sites. The days to flowering, full maturity, first pod insertion height, plant height, lodging index and grain yield traits was evaluated. The data were analyzed using a mixed model approach. The genetic and phenotypic parameters, expected gain with selection, realized heritability, correlated response and the frequency distributions of the adjusted means were estimated. The estimates of the variance components have evidenced variability among the progenies, enabling the selection of superior genotypes. All the evaluated progenies showed good agronomic performance, combining early maturity and productive performance. When early-maturing progenies were selected, there was a reduction in days to flowering, plant height, first pod insertion height, lodging and yield.

scholarly journals The Thermal Time Concept as a Selection Criterion for Earliness in Peanut1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Vasudeva Rao ◽  
S. N. Nigam ◽  
A. K. S. Huda
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Stress Environment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Time Accumulation

Abstract Breeding early-maturing cultivars is an important objective of many peanut breeding programs in the world. Most programs use subjective maturity determination methods in selection for earliness. This paper describes a procedure developed at ICRISAT to select early-maturing, high-yielding peanut cultivars based on thermal time accumulation by the crop. In this procedure, cultivars were harvested when the crop was exposed to a predetermined cumulative thermal time (CTT), and selections were made for high yield with acceptable levels of maturity-related traits in a no-stress environment. The predetermined CTT values used in selection for early-maturity represented a 20-day shorter crop duration than for the medium-maturing lines. Based on a 13-year meteorological record, the two predetermined CTTs, (1240 and 1470 °Cd (degree-days) equate to 75- and 90-day durations, respectively, at ICRISAT Center, Patancheru, India in the rainy season (mid June to mid October). It is expected that this procedure could prove useful in peanut breeding to select for earliness.

scholarly journals Selection for High Yield and Stability among Early Maturing Greengram Genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel. K. Mbeyagala ◽  
R. Amayo ◽  
J. E. P. Obuo
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Selection For

Selecting for earliness and yield in sorghum at different sites

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Plett ◽  
L. A. Nelson ◽  
M. D. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Selection Of

Feasibility of selection of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines in a long–season environment for early maturity and yield was studied. Fifty-seven male lines from three different origins and F1 progenies produced by crossing the lines to three early-maturing female lines were used for these evaluations. Lines selected for yield had highest yield in a long-season environment but showed no yield advantage in short-season areas. There were lines from all three origins which should be useful in the locations tested. Selection for earliness and yield appeared feasible in a long season area. Key words: Heritability, correlation

THREE GENERATIONS OF INBREEDING AND S2 FACTORIAL TEST CROSSES IN RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Fejer ◽  
L. P. S. Spangelo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Vigor

In selfed (S1 to 33) progenies of red raspberry cultivars, inbreeding depression progressively reduced plant height in spite of selection for vigor. Parent-offspring correlations indicated high realized heritability of this character. High yield was correlated in this material with many laterals, early flowering, tall new canes, and good berry quality but not with winter resistance. Heritability in the broad sense was high for early vigor, plant height and winter resistance, lower for berry weight and flowering day, and very low for yield and its morphological components, but selection for vigor may have influenced these estimates.In a second experiment five S2 progenies and their parent cultivars Muskoka, Trent and Tweed were crossed with three tester plants, Ottawa Latham, Viking and 45-01-56. Some of the S2 × tester progenies were superior in a number of yield characters to those produced when their parent cultivar was crossed to the same testers. The results were similar to those with strawberry (Spangelo et al., 1971), suggesting that inbreeding may sometimes be a useful step in a raspberry breeding program for higher yield. However, inbred × inbred crosses were generally poor. General and specific combining abilities were mostly similar in three different samples of factorial ("¼ diallel") crosses, but there were many exceptions possibly due to genotype-environment interactions. Most of the correlations were significant in this trial and the highest ones were in agreement with the correlations in the inbreeding trial.

Codac barley

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-800
Author(s):  
D. E. Falk ◽  
G. Meatherall ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cultivar Description

Codac is a six-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) bred at the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan and registered by the Crop Science Department, University of Guelph for Eastern Canada. It was produced from a cross of Diamond/Duke and has shown adaptation to Eastern Canada. It has been high yielding, early maturing and has medium height straw. It has good resistance to scald, leaf rust, stem rust and the smuts, but is susceptible to powdery mildew. Key words: Six-rowed barley (spring), Hordeum vulgare L., feed barley, high yield, early maturity, smut resistance, scald resistance, cultivar description

scholarly journals Inheritance and Linkage Map Positions of Genes Conferring Agromorphological Traits inLens culinarisMedik.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopesh C. Saha ◽  
Ashutosh Sarker ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
George J. Vandemark ◽  
Fred J. Muehlbauer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Epistatic Effects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Diameter

Agromorphological traits have immense importance in breeding lentils for higher yield and stability. We studied the genetics and identified map positions of some important agro-morphological traits including days to 50% flowering, plant height, seed diameter, 100 seed weight, cotyledon color, and growth habit inLens culinaris. Earlier developed RILs for stemphylium blight resistance (ILL-5888 × ILL-6002), contrasted for those agro-morphological traits, were used in our study. Three QTLs for days to 50% flowering were detected with additive and epistatic effects. One QTL for days to 50% flowering, QLG483(QTL at linkage group 4 at 83 cM position), accounted for an estimated 20.2% of the variation, while QLG124 × QLG1352and QLG484 × QLG138accounted for 15.6% and 24.2% of the variation, respectively. Epistatic effects accounted for most of the variation in plant height, but the main effect of one QTL, QLG84, accounted for 15.3%. For seed diameter, three QTLs were detected, and one QTL, QLG482, accounted for 32.6% of the variation. For 100 seed weight, five QTLs were identified with significant additive effects and four with significant interaction effects. The main effect of one QTL, QLG482, also accounted for 17.5% of the variation in seed diameter. QLG482-83which appears to affect days to 50% flowering, seed diameter, and 100 seed weight is flanked by RAPD markers, UBC 34 and UBC1. Growth habit and cotyledon color are controlled by single genes with prostrate dominant to erect and red cotyledon dominant to yellow. The QTL information presented here will assist in the selection of breeding lines for early maturity, upright growth habit, and improved seed quality.

Genetics of reciprocal differences for quantitative characters in wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Patel ◽  
K. S. Bains
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Disomic Inheritance ◽  
Reciprocal Differences ◽  
Progeny Genotype

Reciprocal differences for days to flowering, plant height, number of grains per plant, and 100-grain weight were analysed following the analysis of 40 reciprocal generation means of a bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cross 'WG 377' × 'Sonalika.' For all traits, none of the earlier fitted models of disomic inheritance to the 21 averaged means was adequate. For number of grains per spike, responsible sources of reciprocal differences were progeny and maternal line genotypes, and maternal × paternal interaction effects. For days to flowering, in addition to these sources, maternal epistasis, maternal × progeny genotype, and cytoplasm × nuclear gene interactions were responsible. For plant height and 100-grain weight, all the sources of former two characters were important. Further, contribution of the progeny genotype was maximum and duplicate type of epistasis in the progeny genotype was observed for all characters. Neither the cytoplasmic inheritance nor the maternal effects was exclusively operating for the present material. The results have been discussed considering all the sources of reciprocal differences.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, reciprocal differences, genetics, nucleocytoplasmic interactions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Green bean variety candidate BU-16

2008 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Gyuláné Györgyi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Bean Variety ◽  
Pod Length

This study presents the results of the variety comparison trials conducted with the French bean variety candidate BU-16 on sandy soil, during two years at the Research Center of the University of Debrecen.The outstanding characteristics of this variety candidate are the early maturity, the showy pods (yellow, straight, cylindrical cross-section „pencil bean”) and the high yield potential.The experiments were conducted with a randomized design, with five varieties and four replications. The varieties (of which two are foreign and three are domestic) were as follows: BU-16 fj, Maxidor, Paridor, Hungold and Budai piaci. The individual plots were 2 m wide and 4 m long. The seeds were sown at a density of 30 germs per m2, with a row spacing of 50 cm.The following parameters were taken: time of flowering, time of green maturity, plant height, height of the lowest pod above ground level, number of pods per plant, distribution of the pods by the state of development (20 plants), usable pod length (1 kg of standard crop-yield), yield per hectare based on the number of plants per plot. The experiments were evaluated statistically with Excel and SPSS softwares.Results obtained with the variety candidate BU-16:– The time from the emergence to green maturity is 45 to 46 days, which is short as compared with the other cultivars studied.– Plant height is 38cm (two years average), which is among the highest ones, together with Paridor.– The pods are set high above the ground level similarly to Paridor, the height of the lowest pod is 19 cm.– The average number of pods per plant is 13 (two years average) similarly to Paridor and to Maxidor.– The distribution of pod size in 2007 is as follows: 68% of the pods of BU-16 is of the standars size, which is a good rate. The value of this trait for the other varieties is 60 to 63%, except for Paridor, the value of which is similar to that of BU-16.– The usable pod length (10 to 14 cm) is 63% in 2007 and 84% in 2006. Similar pod length rates were obtained for Maxidor, while the rate for Paridor is as high as 91%.– The total yield and the standard yield of BU-16 is among the highest ones.According to the results obtained and presented above, the variety candidate BU-16 is the earliest maturing among the varieties tested with high yield potential which, however, is not significantly different from that of the others. Significant differences can only be detected in plant height and the number of pods per plant. Considering the results, BU-16 is to be further tested.

scholarly journals ­­­­­­Kemiripan dan Evaluasi Produksi Aksesi Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) dari Jawa Barat

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venti Jatsiyah ◽  
Anas Dinurrohman Susila ◽  
Dan Muhamad Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
High Yield ◽  
West Java ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Cosmos Caudatus

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) is an Indonesian indigenous vegetable which is potential to be developed. Exploration conducted in Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Bandung Barat, Subang, Garut, Majalengka, Kuningan, and Tasikmalaya had succesfully collected 20 accessions of Cosmos sp. The objectives of this study were  to observe similarity and estimate the yield of Cosmos accessions from West Java. Clusters analysis grouped 20 Cosmos accessions into three clusters. Cluster I consisted of Pendeuy, Saribakti, Karang agung, Sindangbarang, Langensari, Perbawati, Sudajaya girang, Karang tengah, Argalingga, Warnasari, Sukaresmi, Ciwidey, Jalan cagak, Lebaksiuh, Tugu selatan, Ciwarak, Linggarjati and Babakan accessions. Cluster II and III consisted only one accession each which were Ciaruteun and Dramaga, respectively. Seven accessions from different sub cluster were evaluated to estimate the yield. A significant variability was found among the accessions. Results showed that those accessions were significantly different on plant height, stem girth, numbers of primary branches, number of leaf, leaves width, leaves length, days to flowering and yield. The results showed that Dramaga and Ciaruteun acessions were recomended to be developed because of its high yield. <br /><br />Keywords: characterization, cluster analysis, exploration

scholarly journals Assessment of efficacy of mutagenesis of gamma-irradiation in plant height and days to maturity through expression analysis in rice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245603
Author(s):  
Andrew-Peter-Leon M. T. ◽  
S. Ramchander ◽  
Kumar K. K. ◽  
Mehanathan Muthamilarasan ◽  
M. Arumugam Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity

Introduction of semi-dwarfism and early maturity in rice cultivars is important to achieve improved plant architecture, lodging resistance and high yield. Gamma rays induced mutations are routinely used to achieve these traits. We report the development of a semi-dwarf, early maturing and high-yielding mutant of rice cultivar ‘Improved White Ponni’, a popular cosmopolitan variety in south India preferred for its superior grain quality traits. Through gamma rays induced mutagenesis, several mutants were developed and subjected to selection up to six generations (M6) until the superior mutants were stabilized. In the M6 generation, significant reduction in days to flowering (up to 11.81% reduction) and plant height (up to 40% reduction) combined with an increase in single plant yield (up to 45.73% increase) was observed in the mutant population. The cooking quality traits viz., linear elongation ratio, breadthwise expansion ratio, gel consistency and gelatinization temperature of the mutants were similar to the parent variety Improved White Ponni. The genetic characterization with SSR markers showed variability between the semi-dwarf-early mutants and the Improved White Ponni. Gibberellin responsiveness study and quantitative real-time PCR showed a faulty gibberellin pathway and epistatic control between the genes such as OsKOL4 and OsBRD2 causing semi-dwarfism in a mutant. These mutants have potential as new rice varieties and can be used as new sources of semi-dwarfism and earliness for improving high grain quality rice varieties.

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