Understory prescribed burning in red pine and white pine

The alarming loss of forested areas containing red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) in eastern Canada is a situation that must be addressed promptly by changing management approaches. Since the ecological role of fire in the regeneration and perpetuation of these pines is well known, it makes sense to use fire to maintain pine ecosystems through forest management that uses an understory prescribed burn program. Fears of fire escape and a poor knowledge of applying fire correctly to these ecosystems are the result of poor training in the use of prescribed fire, which normally concentrates solely on post-harvest slash sites; this has prevented extensive use of understory prescribed burning in the past. However, research in Canada, principally using the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction (FBP) System coupled with the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, allows forest managers to develop burning prescriptions that are safe and economical while meeting objectives for seedbed preparation, natural seeding and control of competing vegetation. Key words: crown scorching, eastern white pine, fire, natural regeneration, red pine, seedbed preparation, understory prescribed burning, vegetation control.

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Prescribed Burning to Restore Eastern White Pine Forests of La Mauricie National Park of Canada

Protected Areas, National Parks and Sustainable Future ◽

10.5772/intechopen.86224 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Hébert ◽

Éric Domaine ◽

Louis Bélanger

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Prescribed Burning ◽

Pine Forests ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine

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Critical period of interspecific competition for four northern conifers: 10-year growth response and associated vegetation dynamics

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-058 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2474-2485 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Robert G Wagner ◽

Andrew P Robinson

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Competition ◽

Critical Period ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Jack Pine ◽

Red Pine ◽

Growth Responses ◽

White Pine ◽

Conifer Species ◽

Stand Volume ◽

Vegetation Control

The influence of the timing and duration of interspecific competition on planted jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) was assessed using 10-year growth responses in a northern Ontario experiment. Stand volume was 117%, 208%, 224%, and 343% higher for jack pine, red pine, white pine, and black spruce, respectively, with 5 years of vegetation control than with no vegetation control. Stand volume increased linearly with number of years of vegetation control, and the slope of the relationship varied among conifer species. Change-point regression analysis was used to derive segmented weed-free and weed-infested curves, and to simultaneously estimate key critical-period parameters. Weed-free and weed-infested curves in the 10th year were similar to those derived in year 5, indicating that the patterns established during the first few years after planting were relatively robust for the first decade. The critical-period was 2 and 3 years after planting for jack pine and red pine, respectively, and occupied most of the 5-year period for white pine and black spruce. Principal components analysis of the vegetation community indicated that repeated herbicide applications caused differential shifts in the relative abundance of shrub, fern, and moss species through the 10th year. Species richness, however, was not substantially different between the untreated control and the most intensive treatments. Difference modeling was used to quantify how annual volume increment during the first decade varied with time, conifer species, cover of woody and herbaceous vegetation, and stage of development.

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Container Planting in Ontario

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc46470-6 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 470-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George E. MacKinnon

Keyword(s):

Prescribed Burning ◽

Labour Supply ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Red Pine ◽

White Pine ◽

Average Spacing ◽

Short Notice ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

One Year ◽

Principal Species

An average of 17 million tubed seedlings were planted annually in the Province of Ontario from 1966 to 1969. Plans call for increasing the programme to an estimated 20 million tubed seedlings in 1971.Tubed seedlings provide a supply of seedling stock, which can be planted during the summer months, making the best use of available labour supply. Other advantages are ease of planting on shallow-soiled sites, ease of handling, low planting costs, and flexibility provided by production of seedlings on short notice to meet immediate needs. The principal species grown are black spruce, white spruce, jack pine, red pine and white pine. The ground is generally site prepared prior to planting by mechanical scarification or prescribed burning. Planting is carried out at average spacing of 1,000 trees per acre. Survival figures of recent planting, after one year, indicate survival comparable to that of standard bare-rooted nursery stock.

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Prescribed burning of harvested boreal black spruce forests in eastern Canada: effect on understory vegetation

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2015-0439 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 876-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nicolas Faivre ◽

Catherine Boudreault ◽

Sébastien Renard ◽

Nicole J. Fenton ◽

Sylvie Gauthier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prescribed Burning ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Natural Disturbances ◽

Prescribed Burn ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Taxa Richness ◽

Higher Taxa ◽

Understory Composition ◽

Harvesting Techniques ◽

The Impact

Ecosystem-based management advocates that forestry disturbances should aim to emulate natural disturbances to mitigate the landscape-level impact of forest management. This study compares the impact of clear-cuts followed by a prescribed burn (CCPB) with clear-cuts alone (CC) and current careful logging practices (CLAAG: “careful logging around advanced growth”) on understory composition within black spruce (Picea mariana Miller (BSP)) paludified forest stands at the plot, site, and treatment levels using a functional-type approach. Vascular and nonvascular taxa showed significant differences in composition at the plot level among treatments. We found that pioneer taxa occurred mainly in CCPB sites, while late-successional taxa characterized CC sites. CLAAG sites had higher taxa richness than CCPB and CC sites, and we found that CCPB treatments were most likely to promote vascular taxa compositions that are more similar to those observed after natural disturbances. Additionally, the relative abundance of Sphagnum spp., responsible for paludification, was significantly reduced in sites treated by prescribed burning. This study therefore presents results suggesting that prescribed burning might represent a sustainable alternative to current harvesting techniques in the Clay Belt of eastern Canada that could help in preserving biodiversity (in terms of understory species assemblage) while maintaining or even enhancing forest productivity.

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The Life History of Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent93384-5 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 384-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. B. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

New York State ◽

Ips Pini ◽

Red Pine ◽

Seasonal Development ◽

Blue Staining ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

History Of

The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), is one of the most common bark beetles found in pine and spruce in eastern Canada. Clemens (1916) studied its biology in New York State, and more recently, Reid (1955) reported the seasonal development of this beetle in Alberta. Prebble (1933) discussed the larval development at Fredericton, N.B., and I have listed the associates of this species found in red and white pine logging slash in western Quebec (Thomas, 1955). Leach, Orr and Christensen (1934) and Orr (1935) discussed the association of this bark beetle wit11 blue-staining fungi in red pine logs in Minnesota. Most of the observations reported in this paper concern the life history of I. pini in jack pine at Black Sturgeon Lake in northwestern Ontario from 1952 to 1960. Supplementary observations were also made on the seasonal development of this insect in red pine in southern Ontario in 1956 and 1957, and in white pine at Laniel, Quebec, in 1951.

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Sex attractants and seasonal flight patterns for three Eucosma (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) species sympatric in eastern pine seed orchards and plantations

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent134391-3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 134 (3) ◽

pp. 391-401 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G.G. Grant ◽

P. de Groot ◽

D. Langevin ◽

S.A. Katovich ◽

K.N. Slessor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromones ◽

Sex Attractant ◽

Pinus Resinosa ◽

Sympatric Species ◽

Red Pine ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine ◽

Host Preferences ◽

Seed Orchards ◽

Isolating Mechanisms

AbstractSex attractant blends were developed for monitoring three conifer-feeding species of Eucosma Hübner found in pine seed orchards and plantations in Wisconsin and Ontario. Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, which attacks developing cones of red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae), preferred lures containing 100:5:15 (μg blend) of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac), (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol (Z9-12:OH), respectively, over lures without the alcohol or with higher levels of E9-12:Ac. This blend was unattractive to sympatric Eucosma gloriola Heinrich, a species that feeds inside shoots of red pine and eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. Eucosma gloriola was attracted to a 100:30 blend of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no significant effect. Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, which attacks cones of eastern white pine, was attracted equally to 10:3 and 10:5 μg blends of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no effect. A ratio as low as 1:0.3 was attractive to E. tocullionana but not to sympatric E. gloriola, which preferred a 100-fold higher dosage of the same blend. The seasonal flight periods of the three species overlapped in all study areas. The flight of E. gloriola usually peaked in late May slightly before that of E. monitorana while the flight of E. tocullionana peaked about 1–3 weeks later. The results indicate that sex pheromones, seasonal flight periods, and host preferences are isolating mechanisms for these closely related sympatric species.

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Chronicle of white pine and red pine research at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc70372-4 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 372-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. M. Stiell

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Pinus Strobus ◽

Forest Service ◽

Forest History ◽

Red Pine ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine ◽

Forestry Research

Research dealing with eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) at the Petawawa National Forestry Institute is traced from its inception in 1918 to the present. Individual studies are described briefly, together with the names of the scientists who conducted them and the titles of publications which ensued. Key words: Forest history, forestry research, white pine, red pine, Canadian Forest Service, Petawawa National Forestry Institute

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Deterioration of Fire-Killed Pine in Ontario and the Causal Wood-Boring Beetles

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent89241-6 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 241-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

L. M. Gardiner

Keyword(s):

Pinus Strobus ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Red Pine ◽

White Pine ◽

Eastern White Pine ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Vast Amount ◽

Fire Area ◽

Mature Stands ◽

Wood Boring

In 1948, the Mississagi region of northern Ontario was swept by a niajor conflagration that began on May 25 and which, because of dry weather conditions, was not brought under control until July 23. When the fire had been extinguished, it was found to have spread over 57 townships, or 281,388 acres in all. Officers of the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests estimated that approximately 75 per cent of the fire area bore mature stands of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) and jack pine (P. banksiana Lamb.). Salvage operations began immediately in an effort to save this vast amount of valuable timber.

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