FOOD SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Access To Food

The aim of the study was to show the state of food security in European Union countries and defines the basic factors determining the level of this security. There is a large disproportion in the state of food security between individual European Union countries, especially between old and new EU countries. It was determined that in the analyzed years average prices of products and their quality deteriorated in the countries of the European Union. The unfavorable changes that have taken place were not too great. On the other hand, the average indicator for the analyzed countries regarding access to food has clearly improved.

scholarly journals Ekonomiczna dostępność żywności w państwach Unii Europejskiej

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (4) ◽  
pp. 345-358
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Eu

Satisfying hunger and thirst is a basic right of every human. The economic access to food is one of the four necessary conditions to provide food security of countries and their citizens. Data from FAO, European Parliament or statistics from Eurostat show that the problem of economic access to food concerns countries of the European Union as well. The aim of the paper is to present the magnitude of the problem of economic access to food in the EU countries. The conducted research proves that the described problem cannot be underestimated. The food expenditure still constitutes to be one of the main groups of households’ expenditures, for instance in countries like Romania or Lithuania, where it exceeds 20% of overall expenditure. More than half of the citizens of the EU struggle to cover the expenditure with earned income. The situation is even harder because of the uneven distribution of malnutrition in particular countries.

Socialist Architecture

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Paweł Piotr Piotrowski ◽  
Małgorzata Kieżel ◽  
Joanna Wiechoczek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Union Countries

The goal of the chapter is to draw attention to the need to preserve selected examples of architecture built in 1945-1991 in the European Union countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The meanings assigned to the objects evolve, and along with social changes and changing awareness, architectural and urban value of the buildings from this period is more and more often noticed. Consequently, growth of their significance for development of tourism can be expected. On the other hand, they often constitute a dissonant heritage, and thus, more and more of them are demolished. This chapter presents the concept of dissonant heritage and justifies the relationships between characterised architecture. Attention is focused on the relationships between the need to protect it and the concept of sustainable development (including sustainable tourism). Examples of cities that have relatively big resources of this architecture are identified, and an attempt to classify them is made. Then tourist offer of these cities is analysed with respect to the use of the discussed architecture.

scholarly journals Driver salary identification by hypothesis testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Miloš Poliak ◽  
◽  
Patícia Šimurková ◽  
Adela Poliaková ◽  
Marek Jaśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Western European

This paper outlines comparing two independent samples, particularly average driver salary in Slovakia and the other EU countries. Significant differences between salaries are pointed out through two examples dealing with hypothesis testing. For Western European Union countries, the level of salaries in road transport is higher in absolute terms compared to the salaries of drivers in the central and eastern parts of the European Union. Different salaries and requirements of wage regulations create a discriminatory environment among entrepreneurs however harmonization of salaries in the field of road transport is specific because carriers offer transport throughout the whole European Union market.

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Peter Bindzár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
European Union Countries

The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea.

scholarly journals Analysis of the State of the Accident Rate in the Construction Industry in European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hoła ◽  
M. Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
European Union Countries

The article presents an analysis and evaluation of the accident rate in selected European Union countries. On the basis of available statistical data, the analysis of accidents in various sectors of the European Union economy was carried out. Afterwards, a ranking of countries regarding accidents in the construction industry was developed. For the selected representative countries, analysis of changes in the indicators which characterize the accident rate during the period between 2008 and 2012 was carried out. Conclusions resulting from the conducted research were formulated.

scholarly journals Ευθανασία: Πρακτικές που εφαρμόζουν οι χώρες της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης

Bioethica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Αλεξάνδρα Κοζαμάνη (Alexandra Kozamani)
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
The Right

Euthanasia is one of the issues that bioethics deals with, which is one of the outmost importance. Furthermore it is very up-to-date. In Greece and in most countries of the European Union euthanasia has not been subject to specialized legislation. It is only occasionally debated, resulting in tension and conflict. On one hand, people have the right to self determination, so the end of life should be among them. On the other hand, life is considered to be of the highest value and it is the duty of healthcare personnel to guard and preserve it by any means, using their expertise and knowledge.In this paper, a brief report is made to the practices used across countries in the European Union regarding the end of life. Most countries are opposed to euthanasia while acknowledging the right of a patient to refuse or receive treatment. Only three countries have passed bills that legalize euthanasia under strict conditions. The rest, due to sensitivity in this matter, have not yet proceeded in reforming their laws accordingly. It seems that society does not have the necessary reassurances so that they can engulf that issue guarding the true will of a person.

scholarly journals The Malta case: distributed ledger technologies (dlts) and Islamic commercial law in the European union. A European controversy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Heredia Yzquierdo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Other Hand

The Shariʿa Law has a comprehensive vision of all human activities, including commerce. The peculiarities of the commercial legal system that derives from the legal principles of Shariʿa emanates from the concepts of forbidden or Haram and permissible or Halal. These principles are applied today to breakthrough commercial developments such as the Blockchain/Digital Ledger Technologies. On the other hand, there is a growing debate about the possibility of the application of Shariʿa Law in the Member States of the European Union, either for social reasons or for commercial reasons. The controversy and opportunities created in the smallest State of the Union, Malta, serves as a sample.

Perspectives on the United Kingdom's Withdrawal from the European Union

2015 ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armağan Gözkaman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Brighter Future

The European Community/Union has always been a controversial issue in the UK. At present, the probability of an in-or-out referendum makes it all the more divisive. Eurosceptics see a brighter future for their country outside the union both in political and economic terms. Pro-Europeans, on the other hand, maintain that British membership brings up benefits that outweigh the costs. Both sides have their arguments. The former seek success through social mobilizations and debates. The latter believe that the anti-EU stance may be costly in economic and political terms. Hence, the public must be convinced before the referendum – if it ever takes place.

Euro-Centrism vs. International Thinking

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Stefan Fersterer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Familiar Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
European Citizen

If European people are asked to answer the question, “Which of your different identities has the highest rank in your personal sense: the local, the national or the European?”, a high percentage rate would definitely still report to the two former and only a minority would define themselves primarily as an European citizen. This is no surprise. On the one hand, one defines its identity through that origin, with which he or she has the strongest relation. On the other hand it is extremely difficult for a huge and often aloof entity like the European Union to develop a common European identity that evokes those impressions and sentiments that people combine with their familiar environment.

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