Zniewaga jako akt mowy w świetle danych językowych i przepisów prawnych

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (23) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Maria Krauz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Personal Dignity ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The author of the work analyzes insults as a speech act. She shows similarities and differences between indignity, invective, abuse, defamation – speech acts with the same general intention: harming someone in an act of communications, insulting someone by word. Acts of verbal (and active) insults are assessed according to many criteria: moral (since it is a violation of personal dignity and moral value belonging to every person), social (as an offense against ethical and cultural norms accepted in a given society), legal (specified in art. 216) and linguistic, because they are made by using offensive words.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Approach to Speech-Act-Sets: The Case of Apologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvie Válková
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Language Community ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
Corpus Data

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to contribute to the validity of recent research into speech act theory by advocating the idea that with some of the traditional speech acts, their overt language manifestations that emerge from corpus data remind us of ritualised scenarios of speech-act-sets rather than single acts, with configurations of core and peripheral units reflecting the socio-cultural norms of the expectations and culture-bound values of a given language community. One of the prototypical manifestations of speech-act-sets, apologies, will be discussed to demonstrate a procedure which can be used to identify, analyse, describe and cross-culturally compare the validity of speech-act-set theory and provide evidence of its relevance for studying the English-Czech interface in this particular domain of human interaction.

scholarly journals The Directness Levels of Criticism: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Korean and American Youtuber

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Aan Anisah Agustini Safari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Way

Background: Different countries may have different cultures that are influenced by their religion, traditions, or norms. These differences affect the way they speak, such as when they are commenting or giving opinions. Due to the way people express speech acts can be varied and lead to misinterpretation because of their differences, the researcher was intrigued to conduct this study. Methodology: This cross-cultural study was carried out to observe and compare the speech act of criticism between Korean and American YouTubers and to investigate the role of their cultural background in influencing the directness level they conveyed. First, the researcher selected three Korean Youtubers and Americans as well with food review content. Second, the researcher watched one video from each channel and took notes on every expression of criticism they used. Findings: The result of this study demonstrates that in American YouTubers speech, direct strategy emerges more frequently than the indirect one. Conversely, Korean YouTubers tend to use the indirect one. The finding also indicates that their speech behavior is related to their cultural norms, in which American culture encourages clear personal opinions, while Korean culture is a restraint to express their opinion or feeling clearly. Conclusion: Due to the considerable difference between Korean and American YouTuber speech, it can be concluded that culture takes a significant part in shaping one’s speech behavior. That is why people with different cultural backgrounds may have different ways of speaking.  Keywords: Criticism; cross-culture pragmatic; directness-indirectness.

A Sociolinguistic Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns in Jordanians’ Facebook Status Updates

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Ala’Eddin Abdullah Ahmed Banikalef ◽  
Khaleel Bader Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
National University ◽  
The Status

The study investigates the types of speech acts in the status updates posted by young Jordanian Facebookers. The data were elicited from 200 students from two Jordanian universities, Irbid National University and Jadara University. To deal with content analysis data, the researchers created a special scheme based on Searel’s taxonomy. Six speech acts were found in students’ status updates on Facebook: expressive, assertive, directives, God’s invocation, quotation and humor. Also the study findings evidently indicate that the cultural norms and religious background profoundly rooted in all participants can strongly affect their linguistic choices in their native language. It is hoped that the results would help those involved in teaching and learning Arabic as a second/foreign language.

scholarly journals Valuation and Irony in Text in the Light of Speech Act Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kukowicz-Żarska
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Collective Beliefs

This article focuses on the issue of valuation and discusses the role and textual properties of irony in the light of speech act theory. The research material used for the analysis comes from the novel by Philip Kerr "March Violets", which is a representative of the historical detective novel genre. The article does not aim to criticize the book's translations, but focuses on the message itself, which, through them, reaches the recipient and makes a specific impression on him/her. This specific impression, evoked by said speech acts and thoughtfully encoded in the text, is subject to the analysis here. Sociolinguistic assumptions have been adopted as the basis for these considerations, which seems to be justified in so far as language within such analytical framework can be treated as a binder across social groups, nations, communities, and may, therefore, play a significant role both in shaping them, shaping their collective beliefs, ideas, and cultural norms.

scholarly journals A Speech Act Analysis of English Utterances of Two Chinese Children in a Multilingual Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan He
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

A lot of scholarship on speech acts has focused on the implementation of speech actions by foreign learners (Bardovi-Harlig, 2001; Olshtain & Blum-Kulka, 1985; Yang, 2009). Most of these studies, however, adopt interview to conduct their study. This study explored 20 English utterances produced by two Chinese children in the Philippines, employing Speech Acts Theory of Austin and Searle. The results of the study concluded that illocutionary acts that are assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative were employed by both of the kids; there were some similarities and differences in the two kids’ speech acts; to some degree, speech acts can reflect the speaker’s characteristics. From the results, we can see that assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative are effective pragmatic strategies in communication for children. It is strongly recommended that we should do more research on English speech acts performance produced by Non-native English children living in a multilingual setting.

scholarly journals Wartościowanie i ironia w tekście w świetle teorii aktów mowy

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kukowicz-Żarska
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Collective Beliefs

This article focuses on the issue of valuation and the presence and role of irony in text in the light of speech act theory. The research material used for the analysis comes from the novel by Philip Kerr "March Violets", which is a representative of the historical detective novel genre. The article does not aim to criticize the book's translations, but focuses its attention on the message itself, which, through them, reaches the recipient and makes a specific impression on him/her. This specific impression, evoked by said speech acts and thoughtfully encoded in the text, is subject to the analysis here. Sociolinguistic assumptions have been adopted as the basis for these considerations, which seems to be justified in so far as language within such analytical framework can be treated as a binder among social groups, nations, communities and may play a significant role both in shaping them, shaping their collective beliefs, ideas, and cultural norms.

scholarly journals THE USE OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS BY MALAYSIAN TOUR GUIDES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-378
Author(s):  
Roswati Abdul Rashid ◽  
Nurul Hidayah Mat ◽  
Ahmad Shamil Kamaruzaman ◽  
Mohd Yusri Ibrahim ◽  
Che Hasniza Che Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Independent Travel ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

Background and Purpose: Cultural collisions in tourism communication can elicit obstacles or failure to achieve communication goals in social interactions with people of different backgrounds. A communication between cultures can present misunderstandings, vagueness in meanings and frustration due to the diverse social and cultural norms arising from various discourse systems. Among the several types of tourism communication, this study attempted to foreground delivering instructions, which is a frequently utilised speech act (SA) during tour sessions. More specifically, the study examined the use of SA in giving instructions, as expressed by tour guides throughout tour sessions. Delivering instructions is a straightforward mode of communication, even in intercultural context.   Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative research method through the collection of data from audio and visual recordings, along with observational notes from interactions between tour guides and tourists particularly during the five Free Independent Travel (FIT) packages. Five Japanese speaking Malaysian tour guides and 17 Japanese tourists (JTs) were recruited for this study. Categorisation of directive speech act (DSA) by Searle (1979) and structure formation of SDA by Blum-Kulka (1989) were employed to analyse the subcategories of directive.   Findings: Findings indicate that only three subcategories were used, namely the command, insist, and request. The findings also reveal that there were alignments and adjustments to the expressions or utterances when giving instructions. With the aim of effective intercultural communication, the tour guides were identified to have adapted to the tourist culture. The expression of instructions even in an intercultural context did not confer any contradiction of cultural norms, and were unlikely to cause conflict between the tour guides and the JTs.   Contributions: This research is expected to serve as a foundation and reference for parties involved in the teaching and learning of the Japanese language, especially in the expression of SA for tourism communication.   Keywords: Speech act, giving directive, Malaysian tourism, tourism communication, Malaysia tour guide.   Cite as: Rashid, R. A., Mat, N. H., Kamaruzaman, A. S., Ibrahim, M. Y., Noh, C. H. C., & Matsutani, S. (2021). The descriptive analysis of Japanese language directive speech acts in intercultural context by Malaysian tour guides in tour sessions communication. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 358-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp358-378

scholarly journals Pragmatic Features of the Speech Act of Compliment in a Turkish TV Drama

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz ◽  
Yasemin Çetereisi ◽  
Gulay Asit
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Soap Opera ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Research on the speech act of compliment is abundant; however, studies on the characteristics of compliments in Turkish, in general, and in Turkish TV dramas, in particular, are scarce. Therefore, to fill this research gap, the present study set out to investigate the use of compliments in a popular Turkish soap opera. To achieve the purposes of this research, thirty-two episodes of a TV drama called Sahra were selected at random to be viewed and analyzed while focusing on the topics, functions, and characteristics of compliments with reference to the role of gender. Four main topics and functions, and two major characteristics of Turkish compliments emerged from the analysis of the data. Similarities and differences were also found in the use of compliments in Turkish and other languages. The findings may have implications for research on speech acts, in general, and complimenting behavior in TV dramas, in particular.Keywords: Turkish compliments; TV drama; elaboration; exaggeration; gender

Pragmatics lost?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-218
Author(s):  
Fabienne Baider
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This article argues for a definition of online hate speech as a contextualised speech act that is part of a social process of alienation. It suggests that hate speech comes in degrees, is contextual, involves already existing power dynamics, and ‘others’ its targets by creating in/out groups. I first review the various stances towards understanding the phenomenon of online hate speech, including approaches that focus on online hate speech as an interaction shaped by its medium, while also emphasizing the need to consider the role of implicatures in speech acts when defining hate speech. Second, I argue that the relationality of online speech implies that any message is embedded in idiosyncratic socio-cultural norms, and that therefore a ‘one size fits all’ definition of hate speech is elusive. I conclude by suggesting that contextualized hate speech is embedded in a social process of alienation and should be understood as a continuum.

THEORY OF SPEECH ACTS AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES: PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE ILLOCUTIVE ACT “EXPRESSION OF REFUSALS”

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Sayyora Azimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Interpretation

This article is devoted to the pragmatic interpretation of the illocutionary action of the speech act “expression of refusals”. The article discusses different ways of reflecting cases of denial. This article was written not only for English language professionals, but also for use in aggressive conflicts and their pragmatic resolution, which naturally occur in the process of communication in all other languages

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