“Radical Reorganization…”: M. I. Pyrohov as Trustee (1858–1861) and Measures in Improving Professionalism of Teachers of Kyiv Educational District

Reformation of the educational system of independent Ukraine encourages the study of concrete experience of implementing radical changes in the field of education. The purpose of the article is to study the innovations of the trustee of the Kyiv Educational District M. I. Pyrohov in teacher training in the state. The methodological basis of the study is the socio-cultural approach in combination with psychohistory. As a result of the study it is proved that the authoritative doctor and scientist M. I. Pyrohov in Kyiv Educational District continued the mission of “serving the truth and the Motherland”. Progressive pedagogy, sincere humanism and democracy in the educational process became the core of the trustee’s administrative activity. The personality of a teacher was in the focus of change. The trustee implemented measures to improve the professionalism of the teaching staff in the District: projects of the Pedagogical Seminary and a special Pedagogical Gymnasium were prepared; training of university students in didactics was improved and their practical classes were organized on the basis of the Kyiv gymnasiums; the concept of pedagogical courses at provincial gymnasiums for training of teachers of the county and parish schools was offered; competitive procedure for appointing teachers; educational and methodical meetings of pedagogical councils were initiated. The strategy of innovations was to increase the pedagogical authority and personal dignity of teachers.We believe that under Pyrohov as the trustee there was an irreversible turn towards true democratization of the management system, relations between the subjects of the educational process, modernization of didactic and pedagogical technologies in the Kyiv Educational District. The success of innovations was due to the high public authority of Pirogov, his exceptional professionalism and integrity as an administrator, a sincere desire for the progress of education in the state.

The Time Has Come, the Walrus Said, to Talk of Many Things: Wheelchair Securement Spaces on Commercial Airlines

Air travel poses special problems for people who use wheelchairs either periodically or consistently (wheelchair users). The wheelchair is, to some extent, an extension of the wheelchair user’s bodily autonomy. Personal dignity would be enhanced, and injury and discomfort would be reduced, if a traveling wheelchair user were allowed to remain in his or her own wheelchair for the duration of the flight. Although no law or regulation currently requires that option, groundwork has been laid in both case law and statutes that could lead to such a result. To be sure, safety and cost are paramount issues and must be adequately addressed. Some technological concerns have already been resolved and others are the subject of promising developments. Lobbyist groups are actively campaigning and, as a result, some airlines have shown interest in the proposal. The goal of in-cabin use of personal wheelchairs is achievable, but the process is likely to be incremental. During this period of COVID-19 pandemic-related disruption in the airline industry, both mainline and regional carriers should benefit from the Schumpeterian notion of creative destruction resulting in technical and business innovations. The catalyst needed to move the research and development process along at a faster pace might be a contest with some sort of reward such as has been used to foster other aeronautical innovations.

Dialectic of Honor and Reputation. On Limits of Reputation Management Efficiency

The article justifies the provision that reputational management passes by problems related to the personal meanings of a subject conducting a specific professional activity. It is shown that the category of honor is of particular importance for the expression of this issue. Professional honor in decision-making involves bringing to the fore not the desire to preserve a reputation, but the attitude to preserve personal dignity, accompanied by the willingness to take responsibility for decisions made in critical situations. This willingness is rooted in the fundamental worldviews of the personality that shape its orientation. It is noted that professional honor is a much stronger motivating factor than the desire to maintain a reputation, it determines the attitude to the profession, the desire and willingness to improve in it.

Analysis of personality of the hero on the example of hagiography of Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky

The article discusses the problem of depicting personality of the hero based on the hagiographic material of Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky. The author outlines the genre peculiarities of “The Tale of the Life of Alexander Nevsky”. The author actualizes the role of personality of Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky in formation of the value attitudes of our contemporaries. Depiction of the real historical figure is the foundation for the development of image of the hero as a spiritually whole person in literature. Multifacetedness and complexity of the phenomenon of heroism are revealed through the behavioral model of Grand Prince Alexander Nevsky, through people’s perception of the results of his rule, through the characteristic of the unchangeable constants of heroic traits demonstrated by him. In the context of patriotic education, special place belongs to the broad term “heroism”, which since olden days expresses high morale, loyalty to duty, unconquerable will, national and personal dignity, willingness to self-sacrifice in the name of the Homeland. The article offers possible ways to improve the educational work among younger generation based on the literary heritage dedicated to the image of our outstanding compatriot. The importance of the impact of Russian literary works upon the formation of patriotic qualities of the Russians is underlined.

New Death Investigation System in Japan

Since after World War II, the death investigation system in Japan has been a dual system; with or without medical examiners. In areas without medical examiners, death investigation focused on unnatural death suspiciously involved with crime and depended on external postmortem examination for noncriminal cases. As a result, the forensic autopsy rate has been low, and several cases of missed homicide have been discovered. The social impact of the missed homicide of a young sumo player has encouraged the reformation of the death investigation system in Japan. “The Act on the Investigating of Cause of Death and on Identification of Bodies Handled by the Police” and the “Basic Act on Promotion of Death Investigation” were launched in 2013 and 2020, respectively. For noncriminal cases, a new type of autopsy becomes available without the consent of the bereaved family. Moreover, the concept and purpose of death investigation are not only to detect crime involvement, but also to extend respect for life and maintain personal dignity. The responsibility of the central government on death investigation service is stressed, including the establishment of a headquarters in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This review aims to understand the background and major changes of the reform of the death investigation system in Japan and discuss the issues affecting forensic pathologists.

Zniewaga jako akt mowy w świetle danych językowych i przepisów prawnych

The author of the work analyzes insults as a speech act. She shows similarities and differences between indignity, invective, abuse, defamation – speech acts with the same general intention: harming someone in an act of communications, insulting someone by word. Acts of verbal (and active) insults are assessed according to many criteria: moral (since it is a violation of personal dignity and moral value belonging to every person), social (as an offense against ethical and cultural norms accepted in a given society), legal (specified in art. 216) and linguistic, because they are made by using offensive words.

Physician’s Code of Ethics: Education of Dignity

Education is a part of the educational process that forms a person’s ability to feel dignity in himself and in others. Such a skill is of particular importance to the healthcare professional, whose vocation requires sensitivity to the patient. In a state of disease, a person acutely experiences a “loss of dignity”. So, one of the tasks of a physician is to see the dignity of his patient, to recognize its regions that are injured, and to pay proper respect to the inviolable core of the dignity. The author of the article provides guidelines for such a distinction. She researches the types of dignity, identifies the most important of them, and demonstrates situations in medical practice in which this distinction is relevant. The author understands dignity as a multifaceted phenomenon which corresponds to the inviolable value of the human person, virtue, the status of a moral subject. Such multifacetedness is reflected in attempts to typologize dignity. The article presents the concepts of distinguishing types of dignity proposed by L. R. Kass (basic dignity of human being and full dignity of being human), V. Kniazevich (ontological and existential aspects), A. Rodziński (dignity of personality, personal dignity and dignity of the person), D. P. Sulmasy (attributed, inflorescent and intrinsic dignity). The disease, especially the serious one, is a test of dignity. The author, however, argues, that the basic layer of dignity remains inviolable even in states that do not correspond to the status of a rational being. It is claimed that the disease injures less significant layers of dignity. The physician’s vocation, therefore, is to recognize these injured aspects and to demonstrate to the patient the fact that his basic, intrinsic, ontological dignity cannot be lost under any circumstances. Educating future physicians to be able to distinguish between all aspects of dignity should be an important part of the educational process in medical schools.

Surviving and Thriving: Qualitative Results from a Multi-Year, Multidimensional Intervention to Promote Well-Being among Caregivers of Adults with Dementia

(1) Introduction: Caring for an adult with dementia is both challenging and rewarding. Research indicates that community-based, social support, and/or arts engagement interventions can play a key role in ameliorating the negative outcomes associated with caregiving while enhancing its more positive attributes. This study explores the psychosocial outcomes experienced by dementia caregivers who participated in a multi-year, multidimensional intervention aimed at promoting caregiver and care recipient well-being. This intervention included bringing caregivers and people with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) to local symphony performances, hosting a social reception prior to the performance, and assessing the outcomes of participation for both caregiver and the care recipient. (2) Materials, Methods, and Analysis: Qualitative data from participant phone interviews (n = 55) as well as focus groups are analyzed using thematic analysis from a phenomenological perspective. (3) Results: Across three years of participation, caregivers reported three main program benefits: relationship building (both with other participants as well as within the broader community); restored humanity (experiencing a greater sense of personal dignity and momentary return to normalcy), and positivity (experiencing positive emotions during the program). (4) Discussion: These findings point to the value of creating caregiver programming that brings together multiple dimensions of successful interventions in order to enhance caregiver experiences and positive intervention outcomes.

The concept and essence of mobbing, ways to overcome it

Today, employers like to complain about the low efficiency of their employees. However, they do not take into account the fact that they themselves are not only unable to adequately organize the labor process, but also very often create their own non-working atmosphere, full of intrigue, harassment and violence. As a result, labor productivity is low, there is hatred for each other in the team, and the most promising employees can not withstand the pressure and are fired. For the most part, in post-Soviet labor collectives with a well-developed informal management apparatus, the rights of workers enshrined in the current legislation are leveled and the practices of “etching” or “surviving” people from work become acceptable. These may be workers with other socio-political views, those who do not succumb to the dominant practices of psychological or sexual oppression, aim to create an independent union, who prefer to work decently, rather than participate in the competition "who is closer to the throne" at regular banquets and meetings, gradually losing professional and personal dignity. The spread of mobbing in the field of labor shows the vulnerability of the most vulnerable categories of the population to increased labor exploitation, declining social status and lack of social support. Predatory laws of the market system dictate predatory behavior to labor market participants who are afraid of losing their livelihoods. Mobbing is a clear result of material stratification and marginalization of a large part of the population of Ukraine. It is to such consequences that global capitalism leads. And of course, we need to treat the causes, not the consequences. However, with adequate legal mechanisms to combat mobbing, one can hope to reduce the violent pressure on the employee. This will be facilitated by the "legal mechanism of counteraction" and not by the punitive pressure of law enforcement agencies, which stigmatizes victims of mobbing as informers and justifies the need for violence against them instead of protecting professional honor and human dignity.