Meat Economies of the Chinese American West

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-274
Author(s):  
Charlotte K. Sunseri
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American West ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Rural Sites

Cuisine and diet are topics of particular interest to scholars of Chinese communities in the nineteenth-century American West. Many zooarchaeological analyses have identified beef and pork among the main provisions for miners and townsfolk, and this chapter synthesizes archaeological and historical evidence for food access and supply while exploring contexts of socioeconomics and cuisine which likely structured food choices. By focusing on both urban and rural sites to compare access and food choices, the historical evidence of national railroad–based chains of supply for meat products and Chinese food practices in varied living contexts are investigated. Taphonomic marks of centralized processing and redistribution, documented pricing of meat cuts, and patterns of access across the West provide new perspectives on feeding American communities.

scholarly journals DNA, Historical Evidence and The Settlement of Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews in Colonial Texas

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
American West ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Genealogical Analysis ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Alamo ◽  
Jewish Descent

The Lone Star state has long been a symbol of the American West, complete with cowboys, Native Americans, buffalo, cattle drives and the Alamo. Using DNA and genealogical analysis, together with historical documents, this article shows that both the original Spanish settlers and the later “Anglo” arrivals were primarily of Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jewish descent. These findings challenge traditional narratives of “how the West was won”, as well as the prevailing ideology of Anglo-American culture.

An Ocean Apart: Chinese American Segregated Burials

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-128
Author(s):  
Sue Fawn Chung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
The West ◽  
Home Town ◽  
The Pacific

As early as 1781 the Chinese began migrating to the American Pacific coast and those who passed away usually were buried in unmarked graves. Economic opportunities attracting more immigration in the nineteenth century coincided with the rise of labor unions and anti-Chinese movements. Riots against the Chinese and occupational hazards resulted in hundreds, if not thousands, of deaths. Since Confucianism dictated the rituals for funerals and burials for many Chinese Americans, the ideal between 1870 and the 1930s was to be buried across the Pacific in one’s home town or village. For those who remained in the United States, segregated cemeteries were established until the 1970s. Chinese traditions of grave offerings and reverence for ancestors in the spring and fall continued. Events between 1931 and 1970 stopped the repatriation of bones, but in recent years high cost of travel and cemeteries in China has increased the practice of exhuming remains and bringing them back across the Pacific for a final re-burial in the West.

Editing for Expansion: Railroad Photography, Native Peoples, and the American West, 1860–1880

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-313
Author(s):  
Alessandra Link
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
American West ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Landscape Photography ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Technological Developments

Abstract In the nineteenth century, both railroad expansion and photography influenced relations between the United States and Native peoples in powerful ways. Scholars have often dealt with these two technological developments separately, but photographs and railroads have a shared history. Throughout the mid-to-late nineteenth century railroad companies engaged with photographs and photographers to promote travel on their lines. This article evaluates the production and circulation of transcontinental railroad photographs, and it concludes that the so-called golden age of landscape photography was built on the suppression of peopled scenes in the West. Images of Indians and trains that reached broad audiences placed Indigenous peoples in opposition to the modern forces cast in steel and running on steam. Picturing an unpeopled West and anti-modern Indians brightened business prospects for those investing in the promise of U.S. expansion beyond the 100th meridian.

Western Buddhist Motivations for Vegetarianism

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kaza
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
The West ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Animal

AbstractBuddhist motivations for abstaining from meat-eating draw from a wide range of traditions. Theravada themes emphasize non-harming, Right Livelihood, and detachment; Mahayana themes highlight interdependence, Buddha-nature, and compassion; Tibetan themes consider rebirth implications for human-animal relationships. These and other contemporary themes overlap with traditional western arguments promoting vegetarianism based on animal welfare, personal and environmental health, world hunger, and ethical development. This paper surveys these themes, then discusses two studies based on survey data that indicate that western Buddhists and Buddhist centers have a wide variety of practices regarding meat-eating. The first survey reports on institutional food choice practices at western Buddhist centers. The second study reports on individual food practices among western Buddhists, with data on food choices and rationales for these choices. In both surveys, Buddhist principles interact with western arguments, leading to diverse decisions about what to eat. As interest in Buddhism grows in the west, Buddhist moral concerns regarding food could influence western food choices in a significant way.

New cartographics: Photography and the artistic mapping of the American West, 1969‐79

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Swensen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American West ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The West ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Distinctive Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Topographics ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Mapping Techniques

This article examines the work of a diverse group of photographers who in the late 1960s and 1970s employed mapping techniques and devices as a means of artistic creation. Products of photography’s unprecedented growth, photographers John Pfahl, Michael Bishop, Kenneth Josephson and the participants of the Rephotographic Survey Project employed cartographic and topographic strategies as part of their exploration of the history of their medium and the American West. These artist-photographers, moreover, responded to the nineteenth-century surveys of the West as well as its relation to other, better-known contemporary movements like ‘New Topographics’. In all, this article provides the first exploration of this distinctive group of American photographers which may be collectively termed: ‘new cartographics’.

International Capital Flows and the Development of the American West

1956 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass C. North
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Capital Flows ◽  
American West ◽  
International Capital ◽  
The West ◽  
Underdeveloped Area ◽  
Factor Combination ◽  
Underdeveloped Areas

When the Chairman asked me to undertake this paper he reminded me that the general theme was the West as an underdeveloped area and suggested that some comparison be made with underdeveloped areas today. However, it should be made clear at the outset that the problems of the development of the American West in the nineteenth century are very different from the problems of achieving sustained growth in the underdeveloped areas today. The underdeveloped areas today are most typically characterized by a factor combination of abundant labor with scarce capital and land (and resources), usually complicated by a social and political structure not geared to economic advance. America in the nineteenth century, in contrast, was characterized by scarce labor and capital combined with seemingly endless land (and natural resources) set in a framework of social and political institutions that was highly favorable to economic growth.

Contents of Western Sociology of Religion as a Science and Educational Discipline

2002 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Sociology of religion in the West is a field of knowledge with at least 100 years of history. As a science and as a discipline, the sociology of religion has been developing in most Western universities since the late nineteenth century, having established traditions, forming well-known schools, areas related to the names of famous scholars. The total number of researchers of religion abroad has never been counted, but there are more than a thousand different centers, universities, colleges where religion is taught and studied. If we assume that each of them has an average of 10 religious scholars, theologians, then the army of scholars of religion is amazing. Most of them are united in representative associations of researchers of religion, which have a clear sociological color. Among them are the most famous International Society for the Sociology of Religion (ISSR) and the Society for Scientific Study of Religion (SSSR).

The Blue Flower and the Account Book

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Anne F. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
American West ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Racial Category ◽  
North American West ◽  
Mixed Blood ◽  
Anglo American

This essay, a revised version of the August 2015 talk, examines the story of two mixed-blood women, indigenous and Anglo American, who lived in the fur trade North American West. The essay examines a racial category, mixed blood or “half-breed” and considers the challenges for people who lived in and used that category in the nineteenth century. The essay illuminates the challenges of using different kinds of personal records to understand how these nineteenth-century women might have thought about identity, a word they never would have used.

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