Intensity Of Soccer Players´ Training Load In Small–Sided Games With Different Rule Modifications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Nagy ◽  
Miroslav Holienka ◽  
Matej Babic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Reaction ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Ball Contact ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose: The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with different rule modifications. We assumed that the permitted number of ball touches in SSGs will significantly affect the internal load of participating soccer players’ organism. Methods: The experimental group consisted of older junior players (U19) from the FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda soccer club (n=6). The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which were obtained using sport testers and special software. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR the one-way ANOVAand the Bonferroni post hoc test was used. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: We found out that by the change of the SSG rules, the internal reaction of players´ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG1, where players were permitted only one ball contact during the SSG, the highest achieved average HR value of the moni-tored players’ (160.08 9.27 beats.min-1) was recorded. This form of the SSGs was the most intense for the players’cardiovascular system. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the different types of the SSGs. Conclusions: Our recommendation is to employ small forms of SSGs (3 vs. 3) with different rule modifications in the systematic training process, because by the means of it we can ad-equately prepare the players for the real competitive match demands.

scholarly journals Intensity of Soccer Players’ Training Load in Small-Sided Games with Various Content Focus

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-68
Author(s):  
Nikolas Nagy ◽  
Miroslav Holienka ◽  
Matej Babic ◽  
Jakub Michálek ◽  
Egon Kunzmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Internal Reaction ◽  
Game Activity ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Post Hoc

Summary The aim of this research was to make reference to the difference in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players in small-sided games (SSG) with various content focus. We assumed that the aim at the content in small-sided games would significantly affect the HR values of participating soccer players. The research group was comprised of players (n = 6) of the soccer club FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda (U15) at the age of 14 ± 0.7 years. The HR values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which we obtained using sport testers and special software POLAR TEAM2. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in HR was used the One-Way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at 5 %. We found out that by the change of the small-sided game’s content focus, the internal reaction of players’ organism to training load was at different level. In the SSG3, with the emphasis on the improvement of individual’s final offensive game activity – shooting, was recorded the highest achieved HRavg value of the monitored players (181.83 ±7.11 beats.min−1). This form of the SSG was the most intense. However, there were no significant differences in HR values among the individual forms of the SSG. Our recommendation is to employ in the systematic training process small forms of small-sided games with various content focus, because by the means of it we can adequately prepare the players for the match load itself.

scholarly journals Intensity of Soccer Players’ Training Load in Small-Sided Games with Different Number of Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Nikolas Nagy ◽  
Miroslav Holienka ◽  
Matej Babic ◽  
Jakub Michálek ◽  
Egon Kunzmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
One Way Anova

SummaryThe main aim of this research was to compare differences in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players during small-sided games (SSGs) with different number of players. We assumed that the number of “neutral” player or players in small-sided games will significantly affect the intensity of SSGs and in this case the heart rate values of participating players. The experimental group consisted of older junior players from the FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda soccer club (n = 9). The heart rate values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which we obtained using Polar sport testers and special software Polar Team2. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in heart rate was used the One-Way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance we set at 5 %. We found out that with increasing number of “neutral” players’ the intensity of small-sided games gradually decreased. During SSG1 (3 vs. 3), we recorded the highest achieved average heart rate values of the monitored players, in average 171.33 ± 9.39 beats.min-1. This form of the SSGs was the most intense, but not statistically significant. Our recommendation is to employ SSGs in the systematic training process with different number of players, because we can adequately prepare the players for the match load itself. Attention need to be paid for the playing position requirements.

scholarly journals Characteristics of anteroposterior curvatures of the spine in soccer and futsal players

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Chromik ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Paweł Wolański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Prevention Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to determine differences in anteroposterior spine curvatures between futsal players, soccer players, and non-training students. The results may contribute to the development of present-day knowledge of posturometry, and its implementation in training can help reduce the risk of body posture disorders in athletes. Methods. The examined group consisted of 48 athletes and 38 non-training college students. Body posture parameters were measured with the use of Posturometr-S. The normality of distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the differences between the groups were measured with ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis of angle values revealed the widest and most similar measurements in the group of futsal players and soccer players. The analysis of variance proved statistically significant differences between the soccer players and futsal players (p = 0.003). The difference between the soccer players and non-training students was statistically significant. The highest γ angular value was measured in non-training students, followed by futsal players and soccer players. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the non-training students and futsal players, as well as non-training students and soccer players (p < 0.001). Conclusions. A complex assessment of athletes’ body posture is crucial in injury prevention. Training overloads may often lead to disorders of the organ of locomotion and affect the correct body posture in athletes. This, in turn, may result in pains and injuries.

Knowledge on COVID 19 among the healthcare professionals in South Indian states

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 983-989
Author(s):  
Deepalakshmi M ◽  
Ajay Samraj P ◽  
Vijay V ◽  
Jonna Venkatesh ◽  
Kamal Rathinam RS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Study Region ◽  
South Indian ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

As the COVID-19 has become a pandemic across the globe, the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) about the diseases and its management is very vital to have a better control over the infection. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge of HCWs of the 5 south Indian states with higher rates of COVID-19 infection. An online survey with 25 validated questions about COVID-19 was administered to 385 HCWs across the study region. Prior to the administration, the questionnaire was validated for various standard parameters using Cronbach’s alpha score greater than 0.7. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA.p value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The overall knowledge about COVID-19 was found to be greater among the medical doctors, pharmacists and nurses from higher to lower scores with a mean value of78.81±13.45 compared to the other healthcare workers 63.6±24.3. The one-way ANOVA revealed that the difference in the knowledge levels among the HCWs significantly differed (p=0.0012). The answers to few of the questions were found to be highly dynamic as the advisory guidelines are highly dynamic. The present knowledge level of HCWs in south India about COVID-19 is relatively high. However, there is a need for continuous education about COVID-19 to the HCWs and the national organizations and authorities should provide a structured and reliable information to the HCWs in order to have a better control over the COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Distributed versus massed training: efficiency of training psychomotor skills

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen W. Van Dongen ◽  
Peter J. Mitra ◽  
Marlies P. Schijven ◽  
Ivo A.M.J. Broeders
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Distributed Training ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Training Efficiency

Virtual reality simulators have shown to be valid and useful tools for training psychomotor skills for endoscopic surgery. Discussion arises how to integrate these simulators into the surgical training curriculum. Distributed training is referred to as short training periods, with rest periods in between. Massed training is training in continuous and longer training blocks. This study investigates the difference between distributed and massed training on the initial development and retention of psychomotor skills on a virtual reality simulator. Four groups of eight medical students lacking any experience in endoscopic training were created. Two groups trained in a distributed fashion, one group trained in a massed fashion and the last group not at all (control group). All performed a post-test immediately after finishing their training schedule. Two months after this test a second post- test was performed. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Post-Hoc test Tukey-Bonferoni was used to determine differences in mean scores between the four groups, whereas a pvalue ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Distributed training resulted in higher scores and a better retention of relevant psychomotor skills. Distributed as well as massed training resulted in better scores and retention of skills than no training at all. Our study clearly shows that distributed training yields better results in psychomotor endoscopic skills. Therefore, in order to train as efficient as possible, training programs should be (re)-programmed accordingly.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE OF MYELOPEROXIDASE LEVEL IN THROMBOCYTE CONCENTRATE (TC) BASED ON PREPARATION METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 274
Author(s):  
Fuad Anshori ◽  
Teguh Triyono ◽  
Tri Ratnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Storage Lesion ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Hoc

The thrombocyte concentrate (TC) preparation process through its storage affects the platelets contained inside. The contaminating leukocytes in TC is an important factor implicated in storage lesion on TC during storage. Leukodepletion is a method to reduce contaminant leukocytes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme produced by polymorphonuclear cells that have the potential to change structure and function of platelets when there is interaction between them during storage. The aim of this study is assessing the difference in myeloperoxidase level of TC based on its preparation method (leukodepleted and non-leukodepleted) and time storage. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Blood Transfusion Services Unit, Dr. Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta from April to December 2014. Thrombocyte Concentrate products was grouped based on storage time (≤ and >72 hours) and preparation method (leukodepleted and non-leukodepleted), their MPO was then measured. Mean difference in each group was analyzed using ANOVA test and post hoc test with statistical significance level of p < 0.05. There were 64 eligible subjects, consisted of 29 leukodepleted TCs and 35 non-leukodepleted TCs, based on their storage time, 31 TCs had ≤72 hours storage  time and the other 33 TCs > 72 hours. There were significantly lower median MPO level in ≤72 hours TCs than > 72 hours in non-leukodepleted TC group (13.23 ± 6.47 ng/mL vs 15.58 ± 7.82 ng/mL; p = 0.017). In TC group with more than 72 hours storage time, median MPO level in non-leukodepleted was significantly higher than leukodepleted TC (15.58 ± 7.82 ng/mL vs. 11.11 ± 3.97 ng/mL; p = 0,001). Myeloperoxidase level was lower in non-leukodepleted TC group with ≤ 72 hours than > 72 hours storage time. Furthermore, the MPO level was higher in leukodepleted TC than non-leukodepleted TC in > 72 hours storage time.

STUDY ON LEVEL OF ANTI GAD AND ICA AUTOANTIBODIES IN PATIENTSWITH DIABETES MELLITUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Phuong Phan ◽  
Dinh Thanh Truong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Background: Autoantibodies anti GAD and ICA associated to the autoimmune process of patients with diabetes. Detection of these antibodies in progessive diabeticpatients is very necessary because the presence of anti GAD and ICA can predict the progression of the disease to insulin-dependent diabetes in the future. This study was carried out with aims: (1) to define the positive rate, anti GAD and ICA level in patients with diabetes. (2) to evaluate the correlation between anti GAD and ICA with several clinical and paraclinical features of diabetic patients. Materials and method: 88 patients diagnosed of diabetes by the criteria of ADA 2014, withfasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or≥ 7,0 mmol/L) and HbA1C> 6.5%. Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure those autoantibodies of anti GAD and ICA, kits were supplied by DRG company, Germany. Results: the anti GAD positive rate was 10.2%; mean of level of anti GAD was 1.44±0.25 U/mL. ICA positive ratewas 9.1%; mean of level of ICA was 1.44±0.12 U/mL. Positive rate with anti GAD and/or ICA was 19.3%. About the correlation between level of anti GAD, ICA with some of clinical features, we found only the statistically significant difference with p<0.05 between blur vision in the group of ICA level > 1.25U/mL with group of ICA level< 1.25U/mL. About the paraclinical features, the difference with statistical significance (p<0.05) of HbA1C>6.5% was found between the group with anti GAD> 1.05U/mLand the one with anti GAD< 1.00U/mLand also betweenthe group of ICA > 1.25 U/mL and ICA < 1.25 U/mL. Key words: autoantibody anti glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet cell autoantibodies, diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Antirheumatoid Artritis pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Complete Freund’s Adjuvants (CFA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Sitti Amirah ◽  
Aulia Wati ◽  
Bayu Putra ◽  
Fitri Wasto Alani
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Chronic Autoimmune Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis is an chronic autoimmune disease, which is characterized by inflammation and degradation of the joints and cartilages. Rheumatoid therapy is currently using immunosuppressant drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. Treatment of chronic rheumatoid can trigger side effects. Syzygium polyanthum leaves contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and essential oils consist of citral and eugenol which are thought to be potential as antirheumatoid. This study aims to determine the effect antirheumatoid arthritis and effective dose of ethanol extracts of  Syzygium polyanthum  leaf. This study used 15 male rats. Treatment started by measuring foot volume using a pletismometer and then inducting CFA intraplantary as much as 0,1 mL on day 1 and left until day 16th. On the day 17th a foot volume and arthritis index was measured and then treated until the day 30th. The animals were divided into 5 groups: negative control (Na. CMC 1%), positive control (methylprednisolone dose 1.646 mg / kg BW), ethanol extractof Syzygium polyanthum  leaf at a dose of 75 mg / kg, 150 mg / kg and 300 mg / kg. On the day 31st, foot volume and arthritis index measurements were taken again. The results showed a decrease in foot volume and arthritis index after given of the extract. Foot volume difference data were analyzed using the One Way Anova test followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. The difference between the arthritis index data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Statistical results show that positive control has the same effect as extract (P> 0.05). Based on the results of statistical analysis of inflammation of the foot volume and the arthritis index shows that the ethanol extract of Syzygium polyanthum  leaf had an effect as an antirheumatoid arthritis

scholarly journals Comparison of Quadriceps Q-Angle Values of Soccer Players and Wrestlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Şen ◽  
Semra Çetin ◽  
Cuma Ece ◽  
Alaeddin Aydogan ◽  
H.Nedim Çetin
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc

The aim of this study is to compare according to different positions the mean right and left knee Q angle of footballers and wrestlers. In this study, found the female soccer and wrestlers mean age 20.51 ± 3.47 years, height 165.43 ± 4.82 cm, weight 58.23 ± 5.18 kg. Male soccer and wrestlers has with mean age 21.30 ± 3.45 years, height 173.28 ± 5.45 cm, weight 65.66 ± 5.73 kg. One-way ANOVA, Student t, and Duncan post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. In this study, found that the mean right and left knee Q angles of male athletes were 15.08 ± 1.79° and 14.49 ± 1.82° for the standing position, 14.26 ± 1.84° and 13.29 ± 1.82° for the supine position.The mean right and left knee Q angles of Female athletes were 18.11 ± 1.32° and 17.90 ± 1.35° for the standing position, 17.52 ± 1.36°and 16.82 ± 1.29° for the supine position. In this study, were found abnormal results. The difference between the Q angle values of footballers and wrestlers was found to be statistically significant (p <0.001). The Q angle values for male soccer players were found 15.35 for standing right Q angle and 15.12 degrees for standing left Q angle and same values 14.80 and 13.86 degrees in the male wrestlers. Q angle values for women footballers were found 17.32 decrees for standing right Q angle and 17.22 degrees for standing left Q angle, and same values 18.90 and 18.58 degrees in the women wrestlers. Standing and supine Q angle values of Wrestlers in both men and women were found to be wider than the Q angle values of soccer athletes (p<0.001). The right Q- angle values of the athletes in the standing and supine position were found higher than the left Q-angle values (p <0.05).Conclusion: The Q angles were within the normal range for footballers and wrestlers. In standing positions Q angle is higher than from supine positions Q angle. Athlete's sex, pelvic width, tibia and femur length and dominant foot may increase the quadriceps Q angle.

scholarly journals The influence of different working lengths on apically extruded debris

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e55410414554
Author(s):  
Karla Garcia ◽  
Ana Grasiela da Silva Limoeiro ◽  
Wayne Martins Nascimento ◽  
Eduardo Mansur Kadi ◽  
Sandra Radaic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Weight ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Coronal Section ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: To evaluate the influence of three different working lengths on the amount of apically extruded debris. Methodology: Thirty lower premolars with single roots and straight root canals were standardized at 17 mm. Then, they were inserted into Eppendorf tubes, and the 1.5% agar gel was introduced into the tubes surrounding the roots. The coronal section of the roots was kept visible. The set of tubes and agar gel was weighed 3 times and the average value was recorded. Then, the specimens were randomly distributed in 3 different groups according to the working length (CT) used for the instrumentation: Group (CT -1) - the working length 1 mm below the major foramen (MF); Group (CT 00) - the length was determined at the MF, and Group (CT +1) - the CT was determined 1 mm beyond the MF. Instrumentation was performed with Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) under irrigation with 0.9% saline. After preparation, samples were removed from Eppendorf tubes and weighed 3 times again. The difference between the mean values ​​of the initial and final weight was recorded. The one-way ANOVA test (post-hoc Bonferroni) was used with P> 0.05. Results: The average weight of the extruded waste was 0.0134 ± 0.0157 for CT -1, 0.0075 ± 0.0062 for CT 00 and 0.0075 ± 0.0068 for CT +1, with no statistically significant differences between groups. Conclusion: There was no impact of the different CTs on the amount of extruded debris beyond the apex.

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