scholarly journals Soil preparation and NPK fertilization in the planting of five Atlantic Rainforest species in a clay extraction area

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e36
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Braido Pinheiro ◽  
Adriele Dos Santos Jardim ◽  
João Vitor Garcia Silva ◽  
Adriano Alves Fernandes ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Extraction Area ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The occurrence of degraded areas worldwide grows each year and measures must be taken to mitigate degradation and to recover these areas. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of soil preparation and NPK levels on the growth of five native species of the Atlantic Rainforest in clay extraction area. The experimental design was randomized block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replications. Subsoiling and scarification soil preparation represented main plots.  Doses of NPK 04-14-08: 0; 40; 80;160; and 320 g pit-1 represented subplots and Atlantic Rainforest native species represented sub-subplots. Absolute growth rate, stem diameter and number of leaves were evaluated, 210 days after planting. The type of soil preparation did not influence the development of the species. The best dose for Dalbergia ecastaphyllum, Inga laurina, Protium heptaphyllum and Psidium cattleyanum were 176.49, 150.18, 199.25 and 166.48 g pit-1 of NPK, respectively. Schinus terebinthifolius was highly responsive to planting fertilization, being recommended 320 g pit-1 of NPK. All species are indicated for area recovery.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. pada Media yang Mengandung Tembaga (Cu) dengan Konsentrasi yang Berbeda

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Gunawan Widi Santosa ◽  
Ladies Nikita Alamanda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

Budidaya rumput laut banyak dilakukan untuk memenuhi dan meningkatkan produksinya, namun masih banyak kendala, sehingga hasil produksinya belum stabil. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan pemberian nutrien yang diharapkan akan meningkatkan pertumbuhannya. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kemampuan absorpsi Gracilaria sp. pada media yang mengandung Cu dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi Cu pada media pemeliharaan yang terdiri dari 4 tingkat yaitu kontrol (0,036 ppm, sesuai dengan konsentrasi Cu pada air laut), 0.5 ppm, 5 ppm, dan 50 ppm dengan 3 pengulangan. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa penambahan Cu dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda  memiliki pengaruh nyata (p < 0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kemampuan absorpsi pada Gracilaria sp. Pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan A (kontrol) dengan pertambahan berat sebesar 25,34 g dan laju petumbuhan spesifik (SGR) sebesar 0,43%. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) yang didapatkan pada perlakuan B (0,5 ppm) sebesar  -80,37 g dan -1,84% per hari, perlakuan C (5 ppm) sebesar -85,19 g dan -2,02% per hari, dan perlakuan D (50 ppm) sebesar -99,19 g dan -2,47% per hari. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Cu yang diberikan maka pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. akan semakin rendah. Seaweed cultivation is done to meet and improve its production, but there are still many obstacles, so its results are not yet stable. This can be seen with the awarding of the nutrients that will hopefully increase its growth. The goal of the research is to know the growth and absorption ability of Gracilaria SP. in medium containing different concentrations of Cu with. The method used is the method of experimental design of randomized Complete laboratories (RAL). Addition of Cu concentration on treatment of media maintenance which consists of 4 levels, namely control (0.036 ppm, according to the concentration of Cu in sea water), 0.5 ppm, 5 ppm and 50 ppm, with three repetitions. The results showed that the addition of Cu with a different concentration of real influence (p < 0.05) towards growth and the ability of absorption on Gracilaria sp. Highest growth of Gracilaria sp. was achieved on A treatment (control) and the increase of the weight of 25.34 g and specific growth rate (SGR) of 0.43%. The absolute growth rate and specific growth rate (SGR) obtained at the treatment B (0.5 ppm) of -80.37g and-1.84% per day, treatment C (5 ppm) of -85.19 g and -2.02% per day, and treatment D (50 ppm) for -99.19 g and -2.47% per day. The higher the concentration of Cu given, then the growth of Gracilaria sp. will be even lower. 

A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Premwadee Chueachat ◽  
Woraporn Tarangkoon ◽  
Suwat Tanyaros
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Oyster ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was significantly higher than for those cultured in the mangrove canal (66.7 ± 31.4%). Decreased density from the loss of sub-adult oyster nursery culture in the mangrove canal led to higher growth performance than in the earthen pond. However, no difference was found for the fraction of oysters larger or smaller than 5 cm for the two culture sites (P < 0.05). A significant difference was noted in the Condition Index (CI) between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). The high primary productivity in mangroves is a major supporter of higher CI in sub-adult oysters cultured in mangrove canals versus in earthen ponds. Water exchange in the earthen pond to maintain calcium and magnesium concentrations resulted in no differences in the shell compressibility of sub-adult oysters compared with those cultured in the mangrove canal.

Latitude and Relative Growth in the Razor Clam, Siliqua Patula

1931 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-249
Author(s):  
F. W. WEYMOUTH ◽  
H. C. McMILLIN ◽  
WILLIS H. RICH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Absolute Growth

1. The present paper is a study of the growth of a clam (Siliqua patula) under natural conditions and over a wide range of latitude. 2. Various constants derived from the growth data are compared for the different localities. For this species, over the range considered, growth in the southern localities as compared with the northern is initially more rapid but less sustained, leads to a smaller total length and is associated with a shorter life span. 3. Reasons are presented for considering the relative growth-rate as a particularly significant constant leading to more sound biological conclusions than the use of the absolute growth-rate. 4. On the basis of the relative growth-rate, current mathematical expressions for the course of growth are discussed and a formula used which emphasises Minot's conception of a growth-rate constantly declining with age. This expression L = Be-ce-ce-kt, in which L = length at time t, e = base of natural logarithms, and B, c and k are constants, is found to graduate the extensive data in clam growth with significant accuracy.

Growth and Development of Bulbous Oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatiusvar.bulbosum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanphiphat ◽  
Arnold P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Absolute Growth

Bulbous oatgrass, a weed in parts of the United States and Europe, is an unusual grass, which forms corms at the stem base. Growth and development of this creeping perennial grass was investigated in the field and in pots outdoors. Under the mild climate of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, shoots emerged in early autumn. Plants grew vegetatively and formed corms during the winter and spring. Aboveground portions of the plant stopped growing and senesced in the summer. The absolute growth rate of the plants was highest in early May, shortly before the onset of flowering. In early May, the growth rate of corms was higher than that of the shoot.

scholarly journals Growth of the crabgrass species Digitaria ciliaris and Digitaria nuda

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Souza ◽  
A.C. Dias ◽  
M.R.A. Figueiredo ◽  
F.E.B. Obara ◽  
P.J Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aim of this research paper was to compare the growth of D. ciliaris and D. nuda crabgrass species under non-competitive conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one from March - July 2010 and the other from February - June 2011. The experimental design of both trials was completely randomized making a factorial (2 seasons x 2 species crabgrass x 12 evaluation periods) with four replications. Assessments began at 15 days after sowing (DAS), and repeated weekly until 92 DAS. The variables evaluated were total dry matter (roots+leaves+stems), leaf area, leaf number and tiller. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area ratio were calculated using the means, which were adjusted regression models. The crabgrass species were significantly different in leaf area, leaf number, tiller number and dry matter per plant. D. ciliaris for all variables was statistically higher than D. nuda. Regarding the speed at which the growth of the species occurred, the absolute growth rate and relative growth rate of D. ciliaris was also greater than D. nuda. In addition, D. ciliaris also had a lower leaf area ratio indicating greater efficiency in converting light energy into carbohydrates. It can be concluded that D. ciliaris has a higher growth rate in conditions where there is no limitation of nutrients and water availability in relation to D. nuda, mainly due to D. ciliaris have greater leaf area, number of leaves and dry matter accumulation per plant.

scholarly journals DIFFERENT SHADING NETS IN ESCAROLE GROWTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-595
Author(s):  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Carla Janaina Werner ◽  
Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽  
Patricia Brezolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Leaf Area Ratio ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth

The aim of work was to verify the effect of different shading levels in escarole crop, during summer in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen RS Campus, in 2015 with Escarola Lisa escarole cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three shading levels (0%, 30%, 50%), with six replications. Growth evaluation were performed in destructive manner every seven days, from transplant to harvest point. From the information obtained, traits were determined: leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, biological productivity, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate. The data obtained were analyzed by the statistical program Genes, the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The shading level 30% provided greater leaf area, higher biological productivity and absolute growth rate. However, the leaf area ratio was higher when shading level 50% was tested. However, it can be said that the shading levels favor growth of escarole crop.

scholarly journals POTENCIAL DO USO DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NA SILVICULTURA UTILIZANDO ESPÉCIES NATIVAS DA CAATINGA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
SILVANETE SEVERINO da SILVA ◽  
Cláudia Facini Reis ◽  
Salomão De Sousa Medeiros ◽  
Renan Ferreira da Nóbrega ◽  
José Dantas Neto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Agro Forestry ◽  
Daily Application ◽  
Wastewater Use

POTENCIAL DO USO DE ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA NA SILVICULTURA UTILIZANDO ESPÉCIES NATIVAS DA CAATINGA   SILVANETE SEVERINO DA SILVA1; CLAÚDIA FACINI REIS2; SALOMÃO DE SOUSA MEDEIROS3; RENAN FERREIRA DA NÓBREGA4 E JOSÉ DANTAS NETO5 1Doutoranda em Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Campina Grande - Paraíba. Email: [email protected] e 3Doutor (a), Pesquisador (a) do INSA, Campina Grande - Paraíba. Email: [email protected]; Email: [email protected] Ambiental da Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências e Tecnologia Ambiental do Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Email: [email protected] do departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Email: [email protected]  1 RESUMO O cultivo de espécies nativas da caatinga, irrigadas com água residuária de esgoto doméstico, caracteriza-se como uma ação para recuperação de áreas degradadas para mitigação dos efeitos da seca. O objetivo da execução do presente trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de espécies nativas na região semiárida. O ensaio foi conduzido em campo de áreas de solo com degradação agrícola e biológica. A aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada 120 dias após o transplantio. Utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos casualizados, dispostos em faixas, com 10 tratamentos resultantes da combinação fatorial 2x5 (2 lâminas e 5 cultivares) com 4 repetições, totalizando 40 subparcelas. As espécies cultivadas foram: Aroeira branca - Astroium urundeuva (Allemão), Ipê roxo - Tabebuia avellanedae, Braúna – Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl, Catingueira – Caesalpinia pyramidalis e Freijó – Cordia trichotoma, em espaçamento 3x2 m, com área útil de 1,98 m2, com área total de 3600 m². As irrigações foram feitas com 2 lâminas semanais e 3 frequências (aplicação diária de 2,8 L dia-1, aplicação duas vezes por semana de 7,0 L dia-1, aplicação diária de 1,4 L dia-1, aplicação uma vez por semana 7,0 L dia-1 e aplicação uma vez por semana 14,0 L dia-1). Avaliou-se o crescimento de plantas aos 60 dias após o transplantio, através da mensuração da altura da planta-1, diâmetro caulinar e número de folhas planta-1. O Ipê Roxo e Freijó apresentaram maior índice de crescimento. Palavras-chaves: Irrigação, Crescimento, Degradação Agrícola.  SILVA, S. S. da; REIS, C. F.; MEDEIROS, S. de S.; NÓBREGA, R. F. da; DANTAS NETO, J.POTENTIAL OF WASTEWATER USE IN FORESTRY USING CAATINGA NATIVE SPECIES  2 ABSTRACT We studied the growth of native species in the semiarid region. The test was conducted in soil areas, with agricultural and biological degradation. The application of the treatments was held 120 days after transplanting. We used a randomized block design, arranged in groups, with 25 treatments resulting from the factorial combination 5x5 (5 treatments and 5 cultivars) with 4 repetitions, totaling 100 subplots. Cultured species were braúna, catingueira white mastic, freijó and purple ipe tree, in 3x2 spacing, with a floor area of 1.98 m², in a total area of 3600m². The frequency of applied irrigation was: daily application 2.8 L day-1, application twice a week from 7 L day -1, daily application of 1.4 L day-1, applied once a week 7 L day-1 and application once a week 14 L day-1, except Saturdays and Sundays, respectively. We evaluated the growth of agro-forestry plants at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), by measuring plant-1 height, stem diameter and number of leaves in plant-1. The Purple Ipe tree and Freijó showed a higher growth rate. Keywords: irrigation, growth, agricultural degradation. 

scholarly journals Growth of cowpea submitted to mineral fertilization and different doses of biofertilizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Mateus Alves de Sousa ◽  
Victor Sousa Avelino ◽  
Iolanda Maria Soares Reis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Different Doses

In the Northern region, the cultivation of cowpea is mainly carried out by small producers, who have little financial and technological resources to optimize and increase production. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of cowpea subjected to mineral fertilization and doses of biofertilizer produced in domestic compost. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment, covered with a 50% shade screen, at the Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Santarém PA, in 2017. Seeds were arranged in 5 L pots, containing 3.5 Kg of Yellow Latosol. For sowing, 3 seeds per pot were used and thinning occurred 7 days after seedling emergence, leaving only the most vigorous. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with subdivided plots, where the plots were the doses of biofertilizer (50, 100, 150 and 200 mL plant-1 + mineral fertilizer) and the subplots, the time periods: T1 (0 to 20 days), T2 (24 to 33 days), T3 (37 to 47 days) and T4 (51 to 61 days), containing five repetitions. Plant height, stem diameter, absolute stem growth rate and absolute growth rate in stem thickness were evaluated. The greatest growth of cowpea was obtained in treatments with mineral fertilization. The dose of 200 mL plant-1 of the biofertilizer showed results close to mineral fertilization, in different vegetative stages. Cowpea plants, starting at 45 DAE, tend to stabilize their growth in diameter.

scholarly journals Morphological features of oat (Avena Sativa L.) shoots formation in the southern part of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Temperature Sum ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Absolute

Oats is essential for agricultural production and processing industry due to the unique biochemical composition of its grain. Thus, it is very important to study the biological and morphometric features of oats. The length and area of the plant's organs can establish a degree of comfort of growing conditions and determine during which period of plant's life the external weather conditions changed. Phytomers are basic repetitive functional units of the oat shoot. This paper presents the description and parameters of development of oat shoot metamers, namely, the identification of growth patterns of terrestrial vegetative metamers of oat shoots and their parts. The experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014 and 2018. The weather conditions of the specified years varied greatly – 2013 and 2014 were the most favorable in terms of humidification and precipitation, while 2018 was a very dry one. The paper determines the absolute and relative growth rates of the oat shoot internode paper and the maximum growth rate of each metamer in the linear phase. According to our observations, the absolute growth rate of oats was negligible and increased from 0.01 to 0.5 mm/d when the air temperature varied from 15 °C to 20 °C. However, when the air temperature reached about 20 °C, the absolute growth rate increased from 0.5 mm/d to almost 2 mm/d. We also found the effective sum temperatures under which the beginning and the end of the growth of each internodes take place. Thus, the first internode starts to grow the effective temperature sum of up to 117 °C is with the accumulated while the panicle starts growing when the effective temperature sum of up to 668 °C is accumulated. The growth of both the seventh internode and the panicle stops at the same time when the effective temperature sum of up to 1173 °C is accumulated. The ontogeny of oat shoots has a regular sequence of growth and development of terrestrial vegetative shoot metamers and their parts. The average growth duration of oat stem internode duting the years of research constituted 9 days for the first internode, 30 days for the seventh internode and 26 days for the panicle .

scholarly journals Biochar as Phosphorus Conditioner in Substrate for Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.) Seedling Production in the Central Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
João Batista Dias Damaceno ◽  
Ana Cecília Nina Lobato ◽  
Romildo Torres da Gama ◽  
Danielle Monteiro de Oliveira ◽  
Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Higher Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction of biochar and phosphorus in substrate for seedling production of Brazil nut. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with the following treatments: five doses of biochar (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) and effect of two levels of phosphorus (0 and 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5) with 4 replicates. The plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were monthly evaluated. At the end of experiment (180 days), the plants were removed from the pots and were evaluated the dry weight of the seedlings (total, shoot and roots), absolute growth rate, height/diameter and shoot/root ratio, number of leaves, leaf gain and quality index of seedlings. There was a significant interaction between the biochar and phosphorus interaction. The elevation of the bioburden doses did not influence any variables with phosphorus. In the absence of phosphorus, the doses of up to 40 t ha-1 of biochar promoted the highest values of the analyzed variables. Higher doses of biochar (&gt; 40 t ha-1) reduced the growth and seedlings quality, however, it was found that under phosphate fertilization, the seedlings were obtained better growth results.

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