The effect of liquid organic plant supplements on aquaponic culture of red cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. Capitata f. rubra DC.) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Abstrak. Aquaponic cultivation is an innovation in the fulfillment of fish and vegetable food needs. The types of fish and vegetables that have not been widely cultivated in aquaponics are tilapia and red cabbage. The aims of this experiment is to provides information on the best concentration of plant liquid organic suplements for the maintenance of red cabbage and tilapia in this aquaponic system. These are commodity have a variety of advantages and high production so it is necessary to conduct an aquaponic assessment of tilapia and red cabbage using liquid organic supplements of plants. This research was conducted gradually, namely the preparation of red cabbage seeds and fish seeds, fermentation of water, acclimatition of fish and research treatment. The research design uses a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replays. The treatment used by giving of liquid organic supplement concentrations merk SOC plants that differ in the integrated aquaponic tarpaulin pond system is treatment1 (0 ml/l), treatment2 (2.5 ml/l), treatment3 (5 ml/l) and treatment4 (7.5 ml/l) with each pond as much as 25 fish/pond. Aquaponic watering technique using DFT (Deep Flow Technique). Variables of red cabbage include the morphometry of the red cabbage plant (height of the plant, number of leaves, and wet weight). Tilapia variables include relative growth rate and fish survival rate. The results showed that the treatment of the concentration of liquid organic supplements of plants had a noticeable effect on the height of the plant, the number of leaves and the wet weight. Data of tilapia research with aquaponic system using tepal ponds include the relative growth rate of tilapia ranging from 2.84 - 3.90%/day and tilapia survival ranges from 88-92%.

Chemical composition of selected marine microalgae, with emphasis on lipid and carbohydrate production for potential use as feed resources

Marine microalgae are a promising sustainable source of lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Selected microalgae species belonging to the Bacillariophyceae, Haptophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, and Prasinophyceae were characterised for cellular content of carbon and nitrogen, and for production yields of lipids, fatty acids, total carbohydrates, and β-glucans. Carbon and nitrogen content showed a hyperbolic decrease with increasing cell numbers for Chaetoceros calcitrans, C. muelleri, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis sp., and Nannochloropsis oculata. Cultures of Pavlova lutheri and Tisochrysis lutea showed an increase in carbon content per cell, but a decrease in nitrogen content. The total lipid content of C. muelleri, C. calcitrans, N. oculata, and T. lutea increased with decreasing relative growth rate; however, the highest productivity of lipids was found in T. lutea grown at 40% of the maximum specific growth rate. The highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid was found in C. muelleri, C. calcitrans, and N. oculata, and the highest content of docosahexaenoic acid was found in T. lutea. The β-glucan fraction of the carbohydrates was highest in C. muelleri and C. calcitrans and was very low in N. oculata. Out of the species investigated, C. muelleri had the highest production yield of β-glucans, obtained when cultivated at a 40% relative growth rate.

Influence of the Nitrate-N to Ammonium-N Ratio on Relative Growth Rate and Crude Protein Content in the Duckweeds Lemna minor and Wolffiella hyalina

In order to produce protein-rich duckweed for human and animal consumption, a stable cultivation process, including an optimal nutrient supply for each species, must be implemented. Modified nutrient media, based on the N-medium for duckweed cultivation, were tested on the relative growth rate (RGR) and crude protein content (CPC) of Lemna minor and Wolffiella hyalina, as well as the decrease of nitrate-N and ammonium-N in the media. Five different nitrate-N to ammonium-N molar ratios were diluted to 10% and 50% of the original N-medium concentration. The media mainly consisted of agricultural fertilizers. A ratio of 75% nitrate-N and 25% ammonium-N, with a dilution of 50%, yielded the best results for both species. Based on the dry weight (DW), L. minor achieved a RGR of 0.23 ± 0.009 d−1 and a CPC of 37.8 ± 0.42%, while W. hyalina’s maximum RGR was 0.22 ± 0.017 d−1, with a CPC of 43.9 ± 0.34%. The relative protein yield per week and m2 was highest at this ratio and dilution, as well as the ammonium-N decrease in the corresponding medium. These results could be implemented in duckweed research and applications if a high protein content or protein yield is the aim.

Pengaruh Substitusi Nutrisi ABmix dengan Pupuk Daun Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi Caisim (Brassica juncea L .) Varietas Tosakan

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas substitusi nutrisi ABmix dengan pupuk daun terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sawi caisim. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 10 kali. Parameter dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, luas daun, jumlah daun, indeks luas daun, total klorofil. Parameter hasil terdiri dari bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, laju asimilasi bersih, Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate, Indeks panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata - rata data Tinggi Tanaman ( 52,290 – 54,110 cm ), Jumlah Daun ( 11,5 – 11,7 ), Luas Daun Optimal ( 253,84 – 346,39 cm2 ), Indeks Luas Daun ( 0,6414 - 0,7673 ), Total Klorofil ( 1,03 – 1,2 mg/g ), bobot segar tanaman ( 129,37 – 205,44 gram ), Bobot Kering Tanaman ( 6,63 – 9,115 gram ), Laju Asimilasi Bersih ( 10,028 – 10,8703 mg/ /minggu ), Crop Growth Rate ( 11,803 – 16,425 mg// minggu ), Relative Growth Rate ( 2,1235 – 2,3893 g/g/ minggu ), Indeks Panen ( 19,327 – 22,675 ).

Adaptability of Siamese Rosewood and Teak Seedlings to Varying Light Conditions

Rosewood and Teak are valuable timber species, which have been heavily logged from both natural forests and plantations. Climate change has also contributed to a reduction in their numbers. We studied their light adaptability at the seedling stage to quantify the growth and physiological characteristics under 10% and 100% of full sunlight. Rosewood performed better, as indicated by the relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll efficiency, under both shade and sunlight. We also simulated a sudden change in light intensity (gap opening up in the canopy) by exposing seedlings, previously under shade, to full sunlight. Rosewood seedlings responded faster (higher relative growth rate) to changing light conditions relative to Teak. We conclude that Rosewood seedlings can be planted either under shade, or in full sunlight, or in a location experiencing sudden change from shade to sunlight, while Teak seedlings should be planted under at least 10% sunlight, but not in full sunlight, as it can lead to chlorophyll and tissue damage.

Analysis of Plant Growth and Yield in Varieties of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grafted onto Different Eggplant Rootstocks

This study aimed to examine plant growth of tomato grafted onto different eggplant rootstocks. We applied a randomized block design comprising twelve treatments with three replicates. Three varieties of tomato—Cervo, Karina, and Timoty—and three rootstocks—Gelatik, EG203 line, and Solanum torvum—were selected for this study. Nongrafted tomato plants of the same varieties were used as controls. The variables recorded were the number of branches, the diameter of scions and rootstocks, root length, and root dry weight at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after planting (WAT) and relative growth rate, specific leaf area, and net assimilation rate at 4, 8, and 12 WAT. Grafted tomato plants demonstrated better growth than controls. There was a significant relationship between yield, plant growth parameters, and photosynthetic organs, expressed by higher production, greater scion diameter, longer roots, and increased relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, and net assimilation rate of grafted plants, compared to the controls.