scholarly journals SANITARY CONDITION OF PICEA ABIES (L. ) KARST. YOUNG FOREST STANDS DEPENDING ON THE SPATIAL SPECIFICITY

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena RUBA ◽  
Olga MIEZITE ◽  
Imants LIEPA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Young Forests ◽  
Spatial Specificity ◽  
Sanitary State

As a result of nature resources intensive use, most of ecosystems have beenconverted. Anthropogenic impact includes changes of forest stands structure andtheir spatial specificity in the forest area. Accordingly the sanitary state of Norwayspruce young forest stands can be affected by different risk impact factors ofmanagement. The aim of the research was to analyze the spruce Picea abies (L. )Karst. young forest stands sanitary condition depending on forest plots spatialspecificity and location in the forest areas. The data were collected in 4 regions ofLatvia in spruce young forest stands (1 - 40 years old). The research was conductedin young natural and artificial stands (pure – 44, mixed – 42). In total 502 sampleplots with a total area of 28250 mwere installed. The particular plot size (25, 50,100 and 200 m) were selected depending on the stand average tree height, whiletheir number depended on the forest stand area. A total area of investigated foreststands were 127. 5 hectares. Results showed that the expression of spatial specificsdepended on risk factors and their intensity, as well as the environmentalcharacteristics. Damages caused by abiotic risk factors at different forest standswere not the same regarding intensity, nature and volume, but more or less closelywere related to all site conditions. Spatial specificity of forest stands area (regularand irregular), as well as their location in the forest massif significantly affects thespruce young forests sanitary status (respectively p=0. 027 and p=0. 002). Differentrisk factors damage to forests, bordering with spruce or pine young growths,cutovers and various types of infrastructure, were identified as much moreimportant.

scholarly journals Impact of risk factor management on the sanitary condition of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) pure stands in Latvia

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
J. Rūba ◽  
O. Miezīte ◽  
S. Luguza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Health State ◽  
Anthropogenic Factor ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Empirical Material

In management of young forest stands, it is often the case in forestry that several risk factors, biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic ones, have to be dealt with. An anthropogenic factor is of great importance in management of forests, because humans, using ecosystems for their needs, still have to maintain the spatial structure of the forest and prevent the worsening of the health state. Covering all territory of Latvia, empirical material was gathered in 25 pure stands. To find out how neighbouring stands impact the young forest stands of spruce, the location in forest array was detected. In identifying the risk factors, attention should be paid to the shape of compartment and its location in forest array. A correlation between the occurrence and intensity of damage caused by cloven-hoofed game is relevant r<sub>fact </sub>= 0.988 &gt; r<sub>crit </sub>= 0.088 with 95% probability. Also the occurrence and intensity of Lophophacidium hyperboreum Lagerb., and damage by Heterobasidion spp. are relevant r<sub>fact </sub>= 0.991 &gt; r<sub>crit </sub>= 0.062 and r<sub>fact </sub>= 0.981 &gt; r<sub>crit </sub>= 0.088 with of 95% probability. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Preliminary results of soil respiration in beech, spruce and grassy stands

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Priwitzer ◽  
Jozef Capuliak ◽  
Michal Bošela ◽  
Matej Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Young Forest

AbstractSoil respiration constitutes the second largest flux of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. This study provides the preliminary results of soil respiration (Rs) observations in three different stands, including two types of young forest stands (beech and spruce) and grassy clearings. The average values of Rs ranged from 0.92 to 15.20 μmol CO

scholarly journals The structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park: The results of 2016–2017 inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bodziarczyk ◽  
Jerzy Szwagrzyk ◽  
Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica ◽  
Antoni Zięba ◽  
Janusz Szewczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Elevation Zone ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
Tatra National Park

Abstract The composition and structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park were examined using data gathered in 2016 and 2017 from 617 circular sample plots (0.05 ha each). The diameter at breast height of all living trees, standing dead trees, snags, and wind throws was measured along with diameters and lengths of fallen logs within the plot boundaries. Tree height was measured for all living trees within the core (0.01 ha) of the sample plots. Using the obtained data, height-diameter curves were calculated for all major tree species and in the case of spruce, the height-diameter relationships were also calculated separately for each of the three elevation zones (up to 1200 m, between 1200 and 1400 m, above 1400 m). For each elevation zone and park protection zone, we also determined the volumes of live and dead trees. The volume of living trees in the Tatra National Park amounted to 259 m3/ha, which was higher than the volume of dead trees (176 m3/ha). Snags constituted the largest part of the dead wood whilst over 97% of the standing dead trees were spruce Picea abies. Among living trees, the share of spruce ranged from 81% in the low elevation zone to 98% in the middle zone. Other significant species in the lower zone were Abies alba (11%) and Fagus sylvatica (4.5%), while in the middle and upper elevation zones only Sorbus aucuparia occurred in significant numbers. Furthermore, in the lower elevation zone, Fagus sylvatica was the only species displaying significantly higher volumes in the ‘strict protection’ zone compared to the other park areas. In the ‘landscape protection’ zone, Picea abies was the most dominant species and the share of other species in the lowest elevation zones calculated based on tree density was smaller than calculated based on tree volume, indicating problems with stand conversion from spruce monoculture to mixed forest.

scholarly journals Identifying Risk Factors Of A(H7N9) Outbreak by Wavelet Analysis and Generalized Estimating Equation

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Qinling Yan ◽  
Sanyi Tang ◽  
Zhen Jin ◽  
Yanni Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
H7n9 Outbreak

Five epidemic waves of A(H7N9) occurred between March 2013 and May 2017 in China. However, the potential risk factors associated with disease transmission remain unclear. To address the spatial–temporal distribution of the reported A(H7N9) human cases (hereafter referred to as “cases”), statistical description and geographic information systems were employed. Based on long-term observation data, we found that males predominated the majority of A(H7N9)-infected individuals and that most males were middle-aged or elderly. Further, wavelet analysis was used to detect the variation in time-frequency between A(H7N9) cases and meteorological factors. Moreover, we formulated a Poisson regression model to explore the relationship among A(H7N9) cases and meteorological factors, the number of live poultry markets (LPMs), population density and media coverage. The main results revealed that the impact factors of A(H7N9) prevalence are manifold, and the number of LPMs has a significantly positive effect on reported A(H7N9) cases, while the effect of weekly average temperature is significantly negative. This confirms that the interaction of multiple factors could result in a serious A(H7N9) outbreak. Therefore, public health departments adopting the corresponding management measures based on both the number of LPMs and the forecast of meteorological conditions are crucial for mitigating A(H7N9) prevalence.

Vocal performance varies with habitat quality in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)

Behaviour ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Grava ◽  
Ken A. Otter ◽  
Angelique Grava
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Poecile Atricapillus ◽  
Song Structure ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Young Forests

AbstractIn vocal learners, such as songbirds, the ability to maintain an internal acoustic structure between songs during a chorus seems to be positively correlated with the singer’s condition and may, therefore, represent a reliable measure of the singer’s condition. For instance, some internal ratios in the black-capped chickadee ( Poecile atricapillus) fee-beesong are more stable in the song of dominant males than in the song of subordinate males, suggesting that dominant birds are better at maintaining the internal song structure than subordinate males. Habitat quality is also known to affect the behaviour of this species. Birds settling in young forest have a lower song output and lower reproductive success than birds occupying mature forests, and it is suggested that those differences arise from differential food availability across habitats. As recent studies suggest that song performance can be altered by food limitation at the time of song learning, we explore whether habitat quality has a similar effect on the ability to maintain internal song structure as does social rank. We paired males by similar social rank, but who occupied different habitat types, and compared the consistency of male song within his dawn chorus. The ability to maintain an internal song structure of birds occupying young forests was consistently lower than birds occupying mature forests. Our results demonstrate that the same difference that exist in song structure between male differing in social rank also exist between males differing in the habitat in which they sing.

scholarly journals HEIGHT INCREMENT OF NATURALLY REGENERATED YOUNG FOREST STANDS OF SCOTS PINE PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. IN MYRTILLOSA FOREST SITE TYPE

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga MIEZĪTE ◽  
Ineta EGLĪTE ◽  
Solveiga LUGUZA ◽  
Imants LIEPA
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Young Forest

One of the most important stand productivity and competition indicators is height annual increment, which is affected by various factors such as soil preparation, initial density as well as various management risk factors. Empirical material for the research was collected in the northern part of Latvia. In four pure Scots pine stands in Myrtillosa forest site type 29 circular plots tree diameter, height and the last five years annual height increment was measured and visual state of health was described. The aim of this research is to analyse Scots pine height annual increment in naturally regenerated young forest stands in Myrtillosa site type forest stands and to give an evaluation of the impact of the initial stand density and the health status on height growth. The mean height increment in studied stands is 0.26 ± 0.009 m and the average periodical increment is 0.37 ± 0.042 m. The annual height increment has been in the height range from 0.23 to 0.53 m. Initial stand density affects the annual height increment significantly. In the stand with an initial density of 5770 ± 961 trees the height increment during the last five years has risen by 36%, but in stand with initial density of 12,650 ± 1,581 trees (P = 51.8 % and R = 6.0 %) the height increment during the five-years period has increased by only 12 %. The tree health status does not affect the tree height increment significantly.

scholarly journals The structure in diameter and sanitary condition of geographical cultures of Scots pine

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
M P Chernyshov ◽  
M I Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Single Vertex ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sanitary State

Abstract The study of geographical forest cultures is the scientific basis for forest-seed zoning and selection of tree species. This research identifies the structural features of the diameter of middle-aged stands of different ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in geographic cultures, as an assessment of its current sanitary state. We studied the stands of 18 forest-steppe and 14 steppe ecotypes. We laid test areas with measuring the diameters of trees with a measuring fork at a height of 1.3 m. Trees with a continuous count were divided into six categories of sanitary status: no signs of weakening, weakened, strongly weakened, shrinking, fresh dead wood and dead wood of past years. Based on the results of continuous recounts, the distribution rows of trees were constructed according to 2- and 4-cm thickness steps. In forest-steppe ecotypes, the distribution of trees along 2-and 4-centimeter-thick steps is single-vertex, but with right asymmetry. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes over 2-cm steps of thickness is asymmetric and two-peaked. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes by 2-cm thickness steps is asymmetric and two-vertex. The average score of the sanitary state of stands of forest-steppe ecotypes is 1.5 (healthy), in steppe – 1.7 (weakened).

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