scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF SOME LAVENDER AND LAVANDIN CULTIVARSIN VITRO AND IN SITU

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana GREBENNIKOVA ◽  
Anfisa PALIY ◽  
Valentina BRAILKO ◽  
Olga MITROFANOVA ◽  
Valery RABOTYAGOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Proline Concentration

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and (LavandulaxintermediaEmericexLoisel) arepromising fragrant plants with medicinal, aromatic and ornamental properties.Since the collection plantations of these crops are very damaged with viralpathogens and there is lack of seed propagation in valuable cultivars 'Belyanka','Record' (lavender) and 'Rabat', 'Snezhnyi Bars' (lavandin), were introduced invitro. Chemotherapy was used for cleaning up. Regenerants were cultured (4-5months) on MS medium with 0. 3 mg L- Kinetin, 0. 025 mg L- NAA and 0. 25 mgL- GA3 at 25±1°C under 16-h photoperiod. Intact plants were studied during thegrowing season. In order to reveal plants` biotechnological and genetic capacitysome biochemical stress indicators, indexes of photosynthetic activity and waterregime were identified. Under the open field cultivation, tested plants were rich inascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and redox enzymes (catalase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase) were active. Leaf tissue hydration was 56-62%,with greater part of bound water. Photosynthetic activity was reduced only in thesamples with visible damages with viral pathogens. In plants cultured in vitro,amount of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds were lower, so as enzymaticactivity and proline concentration were higher than in intact plants. The rate ofhydration was high (70-77%), with the same trend of water fractional composition.Photosynthetic activity and vitality index indicated no photoinhibition. It wasfound out the lavandin cultivars had better capacity for a wide use under variousculture conditions.

scholarly journals Potential and restrictions of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz as native forage in the Brazilian semi-arid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47460
Author(s):  
Andrezza Araújo de França ◽  
Divan Soares da Silva ◽  
Josean Tavares Fechine ◽  
Francinilda Alves de Sousa ◽  
Alberício Pereira de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira) is a endemic plant of the Caatinga, selected by animals grazing on native pasture. With the aim of evaluating characteristics indicative of its nutritional quality, 10 plants were selected and identified, sampled at five different ages, were used to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), mineral matter (MM), DM degradability (Deg DM), NDF degradability (Deg NDF) and in situ and in vitro leaf-tissue degradability. Phytochemical prospection was performed, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance applied to detect the presence of secondary compounds. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and correlation analysis was carried out on the variables for leaf maturity in days. The levels of CP, NDF and Deg NDF showed a negative correlation with the increases in leaf age. Leaf-tissue degradation was restricted due to a physical barrier developed in the leaf fragments, which can be attributed to plant defence mechanisms. The in situ degradability of the cell wall components decreased with the increase in leaf age. The high levels of tannins and lignin, and the strong presence of flavonoids, should be considered for their anti-nutritional and pharmacological potential.

Effet de composés phénoliques et de substances provenant de l'appareil souterrain de la Pomme de terre sur la croissance et la sclérotifïcation in vitro du Rhizoctonia solani

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
B. E. Otrysko ◽  
G. J. Banville ◽  
A. Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pomme De Terre ◽  
Composés Phénoliques ◽  
Visible Effect

We tested the hypothesis that phenolic compounds initiate the formation of sclerotia in Rhizoctonia solani AG 3. Water soluble substances were recovered in situ from the underground parts of undisturbed potato plants by adsorption onto columns fitted with a water circulating device. These extracts inhibited mycelial growth of five isolates of R. solani belonging to anastomosis groups AG 1, AG 2, AG 3 and AG 4. However, there was no effect on the initiation of sclerotia. Fourteen phenolic compounds were bioassayed in vitro at concentrations ranging from 10−3 to 10−6 M against these same isolates. Phenolic acids had no significant effect on mycelial growth, whereas the substituted aldehydes were inhibitory at 10−3 and 10−4 M. There was no visible effect on sclerotial initiation.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids Content and Antiprotozoal Activity of Eryngium Species Biomass Produced by Biotechnological Methods

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kikowska ◽  
Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek ◽  
Monika Derda ◽  
Anna Budzianowska ◽  
Barbara Thiem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antiprotozoal Activity ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Amoebicidal Activity

Three species from the Eryngium L. genus—E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum, plants with a rich chemical composition, were selected for phytochemical and biological studies. The applied biotechnological methods allowed to obtain the biomass of these rare or protected species in the form of multiplied shoots (stationary system) and roots cultured in a liquid medium (agitated system). In the extracts from the raw material obtained under in vitro conditions, the content of selected phenolic acids and flavonoids (HPLC-DAD method) as well as the total of polyphenols (Folin–Ciocalteu assay) were quantified. The highest amount of all phenolic compounds was found in extracts from E. planum roots (950.90 ± 33.52 mg/100 g d.w.), and the lowest from E. campestre roots (285.00 ± 10.07 mg/100 g d.w.). The quantitatively dominant compound proved to be rosmarinic acid. The highest amounts were confirmed for E. planum root extract (694.58 mg/100 g d.w.), followed by E. planum (388.95 mg/100 g d.w.) and E. campestre (325.85 mg/100 g d.w.) shoot extracts. The total content of polyphenols was always increased in the biomass from in vitro cultures in comparison to the analogous organs of intact plants of each species. The obtained extracts were assessed for antiprotozoal activity against Acanthamoeba sp. The strength of biological activity of the extracts correlated with the content of phenolic compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the amoebicidal activity of E. campestre, E. maritimum, and E. planum extracts from biomass produced by biotechnological methods.

scholarly journals Can the Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Still Be Considered a Difficult-to-Propagate Crop?

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Francesco Sottile ◽  
Chiara Caltagirone ◽  
Cristiana Peano ◽  
Maria Beatrice Del Signore ◽  
Ettore Barone
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Seed Propagation

As a perennial xerophytic shrub, characterized by plesiomorphic features, the caper (Capparis spinosa L.) is naturally spread throughout the Mediterranean basin and occupies an important ecological role, as well as an economic one, in traditional and specialized systems for commercial production. This species, in spite of its wide diffusion, is currently considered at risk of genetic erosion, mainly due to overgrazing and overharvesting for domestic uses and for trade. This situation is made more serious because of the lack of efficient propagation techniques, determining the caper as a “difficult-to-propagate species”. In this review, we report the main available sexual and vegetative propagation techniques with the aim of assessing whether, and to what extent, this criticality is still true for caper as a horticultural crop. In terms of seed propagation, germination rates have generally been considered quite low or unsatisfactory, and are also affected by hybridization phenomena that are likely to occur among both the wild and cultivated forms. The seeds show a physiological dormancy that can be lowered by adopting hormonal treatments, but in situ germination remains a critical phase. Vegetative propagation appears quite effective, mostly as related to in vitro techniques that allow caper cultivation that is no longer affected by propagation for an economic dissemination of the species in more intensive orchards. The research needs for Caper spinosa L. as a horticultural crop, especially in the field of genetic improvement and breeding, are also underlined.

scholarly journals Edible Seaweeds and Spirulina Extracts for Food Application: In Vitro and In Situ Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity towards Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Martelli ◽  
Martina Cirlini ◽  
Camilla Lazzi ◽  
Erasmo Neviani ◽  
Valentina Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria

Research is more and more focused on studying and selecting food preservatives of natural origin. In this scenario, algae are an excellent source of bioactive compounds, among which are antimicrobials, whose presence is variable depending on the algal species and environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to obtain, by a food grade approach, antimicrobial extracts from five species already approved as foods and to test their efficacy in vitro (agar well diffusion assay) and in situ (microbial challenge test) towards foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the total phenolic compounds of the extracts were determined in order to evaluate possible correlations with the antimicrobial activity. Strains belonging to Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were considered. Overall, the extracts showed a good antimicrobial activity in vitro towards all the tested microorganisms, especially L. monocytogenes (15 mm of inhibition diameter). The effect of inhibition was monitored during 24, 48 and 120 h showing a good persistence in time. Arthrospira platensis exerted the highest efficacy, further revealed towards L. monocytogenes on salmon tartare as bacteriostatic using 0.45% of the extract and bactericidal using 0.90%. The presence of phenolic compounds could be related to the antimicrobial activity but was not revealed as the main component of this activity. The extract with the highest phenolic content (18.79 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g) was obtained from Himanthalia elongata. The efficacy, confirmed also in a food matrix, might open perspectives for their application as food preservative.

Molecular cloning, characterisation and expression of two catalase genes from peach

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bagnoli ◽  
Susanna Danti ◽  
Valentina Magherini ◽  
Radiana Cozza ◽  
Anna M. Innocenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cdna Clones

Two cDNA clones encoding catalase (Cat1 and Cat2) from peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were identified, that show homologies to other plant catalases. The nucleotide sequences of the two coding regions showed 88% identity to each other. The amino acid sequences predicted from the two full-length clones showed the highest homology to a catalase from cotton and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L. and included C-terminal tri-peptides typical of those used to target proteins to peroxisomes. Southern hybridisation analysis suggested the existence of two catalase genes in peach. The expression of Cat1 and Cat2 was determined in seeds, vegetative tissue, leaves during the seasonal cycle and in leaves in response to light / dark treatments. Cat1 had high levels of expression only in leaf tissue and was responsive to light and seasonal changes. Cat2 had high levels of expression in in vitro shoots and was also responsive to seasonal changes, but not to light. In situ hybridisations to leaf tissue indicated that the expression of Cat1 was localised mainly in palisade cells, while Cat2 mRNA was present in the vascular tissue. The results of the expression analysis and in situ hybridisation suggest a role for Cat1 in photorespiration and for Cat2 in stress responses.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical characteristics of persimmon varieties under various conditions of cultivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
I. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
O. A. Grebennikova ◽  
A. Е. Paliy ◽  
V. A. Brailko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The collection of NikitskyBotanical Gardenincludes 83 varieties of Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Monitoring of phytopathogens in the collection showed a low degree of tree infestation. As result of the development of a biotechnological system for subtropical fruits sanitation and propagation, we studied physiological and biochemical peculiarities in plants of two persimmon varieties (Zolotistaya and Nikitskaya Bordovaya), growing ex situ and in vitro. In the collection plots under optimal vegetation conditions (early June), the water content in leaves of intact plants was 69-73 % with water deficiency of 5-7 %, photosynthetic activity – 0,70-0,73 a. u. The content of the protective compounds was high: the proline concentration was 55,63-70,65 mg/g, ascorbic acid – 1630-2188 mg/100 g, phenolic compounds – 2284-2362 mg/100 g. The enzyme activity was low: catalase – 1,70-1,81 gO2 /g • min, superoxide dismutase – 4,60-5,98 units/g, polyphenol oxidase – 0,083-0,085 units/g • s. As the hydrothermal stress increased (late July), the total water content slightly decreased up to 61-64 %. The water deficit increased to 12 % in the leaves of ‘Nikitskaya Bordovaya’ variety and not changed in ‘Zolotistaya’ variety. The indexes of chlorophyll fl uorescence induction denoted normal functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. The content of proline and phenolic compounds decreased while catalase and superoxide dismutase activity increased, ascorbic acid concentration and polyphenol oxidase activity changed differently. Under in vitro conditions, persimmon microshoots were cultured on MS medium with 4,0-5,0 mg/L BAP and 0,1-0,3 mg/L IBA. The total water content in leaves was high – 83-91 % (water holding capacity was higher in ‘Nikitskaya Bordovaya’ variety), indexes of chlorophyll fl uorescence induction: (Fm-Fst)/ Fm = 0,54-0,60 a. u. The content of protective compounds and the enzyme activity were lower than in intact plants. Thus, eastern persimmon plants in various conditions of cultivation have a high degree of resistance to stress. 

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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