scholarly journals Head motion in children with ADHD during resting-state brain imaging

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-zhen Kong
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Neural Imaging ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Motion Parameters

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has become an important method for analyzing the neural mechanisms underlying mental disorders. But studies targeting head motion during an rs-fMRI examination are rare. Since head motion may pollute the data in the neural imaging studies and further mislead the understanding of the causes of some disorders, systematic investigations on this topic were badly needed. To this end, in this study, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and demographically-matched typically developing control (TDC) participants underwent an rs-fMRI examination. We obtained a summary motion index and six mean single head motion parameters (three translational and three rotational) for each participant. With the summary index, we found that motion was significantly increased in the ADHD group and the results showed that the increase was mainly contributed by the motion around and along the superior-to-inferior direction. Moreover, the classification analysis showed that these head motion parameters during scanning could accurately distinguish children with ADHD from the healthy control group. These results suggest that accounting for head motion during scanning may be helpful for ADHD diagnosis and treatment with neuroimaging.

scholarly journals Head motion in children with ADHD during resting-state brain imaging

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-zhen Kong
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Technical Artifacts ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Scanning Motion

Although head motion during scanning has been largely considered to reflect simply technical artifacts, there is growing evidence showing that the variable of head motion reflects valuable information regarding individual’s psychological and/or clinical factors. Detailed studies would not only help to deal with the head motion biases, but they also help researchers in understanding the mental disorders. In this study, children with ADHD and demographically-matched typically developing control (TDC) participants underwent rs-fMRI examination without any specific task, and six mean single head motion parameters (three translational and three rotational) and a summary motion index for each participant were obtained. We found that patients with ADHD showed specific patterns of head motion during scanning: motion was significantly increased in the ADHD group, which was mainly contributed by the motion around and along the superior-to-inferior direction. Furthermore, the cross-validation classification analyses showed that the head motion could accurately distinguish children with ADHD from the healthy controls. These results suggest that head motion during scanning reflects useful information about the participants and accounting for head motion from MRI data may be helpful for ADHD diagnosing and treatment with neuroimaging.

scholarly journals Head motion in children with ADHD during resting-state brain imaging

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-zhen Kong
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Technical Artifacts ◽  
Motion Parameters ◽  
Scanning Motion

Although head motion during scanning has been largely considered to reflect simply technical artifacts, there is growing evidence showing that the variable of head motion reflects valuable information regarding individual’s psychological and/or clinical factors. Detailed studies would not only help to deal with the head motion biases, but they also help researchers in understanding the mental disorders. In this study, children with ADHD and demographically-matched typically developing control (TDC) participants underwent rs-fMRI examination without any specific task, and six mean single head motion parameters (three translational and three rotational) and a summary motion index for each participant were obtained. We found that patients with ADHD showed specific patterns of head motion during scanning: motion was significantly increased in the ADHD group, which was mainly contributed by the motion around and along the superior-to-inferior direction. Furthermore, the cross-validation classification analyses showed that the head motion could accurately distinguish children with ADHD from the healthy controls. These results suggest that head motion during scanning reflects useful information about the participants and accounting for head motion from MRI data may be helpful for ADHD diagnosing and treatment with neuroimaging.

scholarly journals Event-Based Prospective Memory Deficit in Children with ADHD: Underlying Cognitive Factors and Association with Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5849
Author(s):  
Floriana Costanzo ◽  
Elisa Fucà ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Antonella Rita Circelli ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Event Based

Event-based prospective memory (PM) was investigated in children with Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), using a novel experimental procedure to evaluate the role of working memory (WM) load, attentional focus, and reward sensitivity. The study included 24 children with ADHD and 23 typically-developing controls. The experimental paradigm comprised one baseline condition (BC), only including an ongoing task, and four PM conditions, varying for targets: 1 Target (1T), 4 Targets (4T), Unfocal (UN), and Reward (RE). Children with ADHD were slower than controls on all PM tasks and less accurate on both ongoing and PM tasks on the 4T and UN conditions. Within the ADHD group, the accuracy in the RE condition did not differ from BC. A significant relationship between ADHD-related symptoms and reduced accuracy/higher speed in PM conditions (PM and ongoing trials), but not in BC, was detected. Our data provide insight on the adverse role of WM load and attentional focus and the positive influence of reward in the PM performance of children with ADHD. Moreover, the relation between PM and ADHD symptoms paves the road for PM as a promising neuropsychological marker for ADHD diagnosis and intervention.

scholarly journals The Association between Prosocial Behaviour and Peer Relationships with Comorbid Externalizing Disorders and Quality of Life in Treatment-Naïve Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Szabina Velő ◽  
Ágnes Keresztény ◽  
Gyöngyvér Ferenczi-Dallos ◽  
Luca Pump ◽  
Katalin Móra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Several recent studies confirmed that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a negative influence on peer relationship and quality of life in children. The aim of the current study is to investigate the association between prosocial behaviour, peer relationships and quality of life in treatment naïve ADHD samples. The samples included 79 children with ADHD (64 boys and 15 girls, mean age = 10.24 years, SD = 2.51) and 54 healthy control children (30 boys and 23 girls, mean age = 9.66 years, SD = 1.73). Measurements included: The “Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” and the “Inventar zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen”. The ADHD group showed significantly lower levels of prosocial behaviour and more problems with peer relationships than the control group. Prosocial behaviour has a weak positive correlation with the rating of the child’s quality of life by the parents, both in the ADHD group and in the control group. The rating of quality of life and peer relationship problems by the parents also showed a significant negative moderate association in both groups. The rating of quality of life by the child showed a significant negative weak relationship with peer relationships in the ADHD group, but no significant relationship was found in the control group. Children with ADHD and comorbid externalizing disorders showed more problems in peer relationships than ADHD without comorbid externalizing disorders. Based on these results, we conclude that therapy for ADHD focused on improvement of prosocial behaviour and peer relationships as well as comorbid externalizing disorders could have a favourable effect on the quality of life of these children.

Distinctive Linguistic Styles in Children with ADHD

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungil Kim ◽  
Chang Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

To assess whether the writing styles of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) combined type differ significantly from those of children in a nonclinical control group, writing samples from 17 children with ADHD combined type and 18 children in a nonclinical control group were compared using the language analysis program Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. These writing samples, produced in response to instructions, served as dependent variables. Analysis showed that children with ADHD used fewer linguistic variables (e.g., sentences, phrases, and morphemes) than the control group. In addition, the ADHD group used fewer words reflecting cognitive processes and fewer pronouns than members of the control group. Also, the ADHD group showed a different pattern in the use of words referring to friends. This study provides preliminary descriptive data on language use among children diagnosed with a main subtype of ADHD.

The Significance of Impulsive Error in Children With ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Liao ◽  
Nai-Wen Guo ◽  
Shin-Jaw Chen ◽  
Hsing-Fang Tsai ◽  
Jhih-Hong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Error Related Negativity

A deficit of inhibition ability is a neuropsychological problem in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether in children who made impulsive error (IE), less error-related negativity (ERN) would correlate with poorer executive attention functions (EAFs). Ninety children (49 with ADHD and 41 without ADHD) were investigated by a 4-minute simple reaction time task and simultaneous electroencephalogram. When they made IE, the ERN in response-locked event-related potential (ERP) was defined as error awareness. The average area under curve of ERN in the control group with IEs was used as the proper criterion for regrouping the children with ADHD into 2 groups: ADHD children with enough ERN (ADHD-enough ERN) and those with less ERN (ADHD-less ERN). EAFs from Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test were used as objective indices, and behavioral questionnaires were used as subjective indices and statistically analyzed within ADHD groups. Forty-eight percent of the children made IEs. ADHD(n = 31, 63%) was significantly more than in the control group (n = 12, 29%; P < .001). The ADHD group had significantly less ERN than did the control group while making IE, especially at frontal and central electrodes ( P < .01). Both ADHD-less ERN and ADHD-enough ERN groups had poorer subjective EAFs on questionnaires. Only the ADHD-less ERN group had significant poorer objective EAFs on the Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test than did the ADHD without IE. We conclude that investigating the IE and ERN of IE in children with ADHD might help to differentiate subtypes of ADHD with different neuropsychological abilities, and the possibility that ADHD-less ERN children might be confirmed a meaningful subgroup that needs close follow-up, treatments different from standard, or both.

scholarly journals Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Ümit Is¸ ık ◽  
Faruk Kılıç ◽  
Arif Demirdas¸ ◽  
Evrim Aktepe ◽  
Pınar Aydog˘ an Avs¸ ar
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Galectin 3

Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with underlying pathogenesis and etiological factors not fully understood. We assumed that galectin-3, which is also linked with inflammatory responses, may play an important role in the ethiopathogenesis of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether serum galectin-3 levels are related to ADHD in childhood.Methods The current study consisted of 35 treatment-naive children with ADHD and 35 control subjects. The severities of ADHD and conduct disorder symptoms were assessed via parent- and teacher-rated questionnaires. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms of the children were determined by the self-report scale. Venous blood samples were collected and serum galectin-3 levels were measured.Results The ADHD group had significantly higher serum Galectin-3 levels than the control group. To control confounding factors, including age, sex, and BMI percentile, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was also performed. Analyses revealed a significantly higher serum log- Galectin-3 levels in children with ADHD compared to controls. No association was found between the mean serum galectin-3 levels and sociodemographic characteristics and clinical test scores, except the oppositional defiant behavior scores.Conclusion Our research supports the hypothesis that serum levels of galectin-3 might be related to ADHD.

Dental Age Difference in Children with ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Puneet Wadhwa ◽  
Qingzhao Yu ◽  
Han Zhu ◽  
Janice A. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if changes in dental development are associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or ADHD medications. Study Design: This retrospective chart review evaluated the dental age of 128 patients between 6 and 16 years of age using the Demirjian method from the following two groups a) children with ADHD b) unaffected children. The ADHD group was further stratified into four groups according to the medication type. The impact of ADHD on dental age difference (the difference between dental age and chronologic age) was analyzed using T-test and the association between medication type and dental age difference was analyzed through one way ANOVA. Results: The mean difference between estimated dental age and chronologic age (dental age difference) for all subjects was 0.80 years. There was no significant dental age difference in subjects with ADHD and the control group (0.78±1.28vs. 0.84 ±1.09 years respectively; P=0.75) and there was no significant difference in dental age difference and type of medication (P=0.84). Conclusion: No significant difference was found between children with ADHD and unaffected children with respect to dental age difference. No significant differences were found in dental age difference in the four medication groups.

scholarly journals EEG power spectral slope differs by ADHD status and stimulant medication exposure in early childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2427-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline M. Robertson ◽  
Sarah Furlong ◽  
Bradley Voytek ◽  
Thomas Donoghue ◽  
Charlotte A. Boettiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Spectral Slope ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eeg Power Spectrum ◽  
Eeg Power

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattentiveness. Efforts toward the development of a biologically based diagnostic test have identified differences in the EEG power spectrum; most consistently reported is an increased ratio of theta to beta power during resting state in those with the disorder, compared with controls. Current approaches calculate theta/beta ratio using fixed frequency bands, but the observed differences may be confounded by other relevant features of the power spectrum, including shifts in peak oscillation frequency and altered slope or offset of the aperiodic 1/ f-like component of the power spectrum. In the present study, we quantify the spectral slope and offset, peak alpha frequency, and band-limited and band-ratio oscillatory power in the resting-state EEG of 3- to 7-yr-old children with and without ADHD. We found that medication-naive children with ADHD had higher alpha power, greater offsets, and steeper slopes compared with typically developing children. Children with ADHD who were treated with stimulants had comparable slopes and offsets to the typically developing group despite a 24-h medication-washout period. We further show that spectral slope correlates with traditional measures of theta/beta ratio, suggesting the utility of slope as a neural marker over and above traditional approaches. Taken with past research demonstrating that spectral slope is associated with executive functioning and excitatory/inhibitory balance, these results suggest that altered slope of the power spectrum may reflect pathology in ADHD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article highlights the clinical utility of comprehensively quantifying features of the EEG power spectrum. Using this approach, we identify, for the first time, differences in the aperiodic components of the EEG power spectrum in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and provide evidence that spectral slope is a robust indictor of an increase in low- relative to high-frequency power in ADHD.

Salivary Cortisol Response to a Psychosocial Stressor on Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differences Between Diagnostic Subtypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique F. Maldonado ◽  
Mª Victoria Trianes ◽  
Antonio Cortés ◽  
Encarnación Moreno ◽  
Milagros Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Psychosocial Stressor ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group A

The purpose of the present study was to compare the reactivity of the HPA-axis in children diagnosed with different subtypes of ADHD against a healthy control group. This study included a total of 66 children: 33 children with ADHD diagnoses (10 with prevalent inattentive symptoms, 9 with prevalent hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and 14 with the combined subtype) and 33 healthy controls. The Trier Stress Social Test for Children (TSST-C) was employed as stressor. This test included two main stressors: first, completing a story initiated by an interviewer, and second, executing a timed cognitive task. Saliva samples were then obtained at -1, and +1, +10, +20 and +30 minutes with respect to the stressinducing task. While the repeated-measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant time effect, the expected cortisol stress-response was not observed in any group. A difference was observed in the response from the hyperactive-impulsive group that was also observed in the AUCG comparisons with the subgroups. The ADHD group with prevalent hyperactivity-impulsive symptoms showed more significantly reduced cortisol levels than the control group and other experimental subgroup with prevalent inattentive symptoms.

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